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The causes of this even were escalating tensions between the USSR and US after a Communist regime under Fidel Castro was established in Cuba that, in 1961 made a deal with the USSR to bring USSR mid-range Atomic weapons to Cuba where they could strike the US mainland.

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Soviet Union and France and England and USA are having trouble on deciding on how to liberate the Eastern Europe after WW2. Soviet Union did not attend the Six Power Conference and after the conference the soviet Union created a bloc which did not allow travel and any trade into the eastern side.

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West Germany, Skalitzer Straße, Berlin, Germany

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The Marshall plan was an economic plan enacted by the US to help the war torn countries of western Europe. It was meant to politically and economically strengthen western Europe to prevent the spread of communism there. The plan was developed by secretary of state George Marshall and was announced on June 5 1947.

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-1953

-Britain's interest in retaining profits from Iran's oil rapidly nationalizing oil industry

-Mohammed Mossadegh intended to nationalize the countries oil supply, which had long been unfairly divided in favor of Britain. In the old system, Britain and the Anglo Iranian Oil Company received 90% of the profits. It also levied taxes against Iran, receiving 30% of it's total profits from taxes.

-Shah (former king) wants to regain power + military support

-Angry protesters + military/police take over key parts of the Capital, with a lot of support from the CIA and Britians M16.

-President Mossadegh flees while 200 people are killed, before committing suicide.

-The Shah rules of Iran for 25 years was incredibly unpopular, and laid the foundation for the Anti-American/Anti-Western sentiments inside of the current Iranian government, who overthrew the Shah.

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The 4 Allied power split up Germany into 4 occupation zones as infrastructure was in ruin and many refugees were flooding in. It was a bad time to live in Germany at this time and the Allied powers intended to fix it. France and the Soviet Union wanted to extract from Germany as possible instead of setting Germany up with a self sustaining government. This lead to the eventual division of Germany.

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With help from the CIA, the military, led by Augusto Pinochet overthrew the democratically elected president in Salvador Allende. Allende was the leader of a communist/socialist coalition and was a face of the pink tide (a tide of communist/socialist leaders being elected) that swept Latin America during this time period. But what worried America the most was Allende's plan to nationalize parts of the economy, especially the holding of International Telephone and Telegraph company. America would go on to cut all funding, discourage investment, seek other ways to produce Chile's key resources, before pushing a coup. The coup resulted in the bloody Pinochet Regime that ruled over Chile for the next 17 years with an iron fist.

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After the Six Power Conference created West Germany the USSR retaliated by shutting off railroads and electricity from Berlin which the Western powers had access to. Stalin did this to try to get the Western powers to renegotiate. The West responded by supplying airplanes with supplies for the people of Berlin and flew over and dropped the supplies in the city. The Western powers tried to negotiate with Stalin but he would not budge. The airlift worked as Berlin survived the winter by the supplies dropped by planes.

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After the War, China did not have to worry about fighting with Japan as Japan lost in the war. Russia was supplying the Chinese communist with supplies and money to win the the revolution. The USSR wanted a Communist friend in the south and it worked. The Chinese communist party came out on top with Mao Zedong as its leader. Many of Chinese fled to Taiwan as refugees.

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The Cuban Revolution was carried out By Fidel Castro with widespread support from the Cuban people because of the poor leadership of the former dictator Batista. although the US was officially neutral it had supported the regime of Batista and it was a crushing blow that brought the Cold war to the western hemisphere

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1980-1989

-Polish Workers formed unions, which were outlawed under Soviet rule.

-In the face of an economic crisis and food distribution issues, the rapidly expanding union, now named Solidarity, began to organize strikes.

-For the next 10 years, Poland was engulfed in a struggle against it's government. Key figures like Anna Walentynowicz, an activist, and Lech Walesa, another activist who would begin to lead the movement.

-Solidarity faced a huge crisis with the appointment of General Wojciech Jaruszelski as the leader of Poland, who lead a brutal military regime focused on martial law.

-The action was internationally condemned, with the Pope, Reagan, Thatcher, Communist Spain, Christian, Western Communist, Liberals and Socialists all piling on.

-Eventually, with the rise of Gorbachev and his weakening of the Soviet Union, restrictions fell and Solidarity again gained power.

-After the collapse, Solidarity struggled to rule over the nation, as they were extremely large, (at one point consisting of 25% of the nation, and 80% of it's workforce), causing it to fall apart.

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-1985 --> 1989

-Communism had been struggling for a while as their economy stagnated. They were not able to keep up with a booming consumer good focused industry that was key to the rest of the world.

-Gorbachev took power, and tried to soften the nation.

-However, the nation's weaking power and general discontent over issues like food meant people rioting.

-Gorbachev's weaker soviet union started growing more and more indepdent.

In 1989, The Soviet Union was dissolved

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The Vietnam war was kick started by the return of Ho Chi Minh. Although there had been fighting in Vietnam for years before the Vietnam war, The conflict reached its peak and forced France to withdraw as the US stepped in. The US fought against the communist guerrilla fighters of the Vietcong in the north. It was a long and bloody war for the Americans. The War also grew out of favor with the American public back at home. the war was officially ended in April 30 1975 after the Americans withdrew and the North invaded the south reuniting Vietnam

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After being liberated from Japan by the Allied powers, Korea was split up. 5 years later they would be reunited and be independent from the allied powers. The North became communist while the south became democratic which created a lot of tensions. Then the North invaded the south on June 25th, 1950 which opened the conflict. UN came together and agreed to give South Korea some assistance and troops and supplies. The South was getting destroyed until a General created a mastermind landing on a peninsula that turned the tide of the war. The south started pushing until it became a stalemate. Fighting soon ended but no real peace was resolved.

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June 4 1989

Hu Yaobang was the former General Party Secretary for the CCP, before being disgraced and removed from the party.

After his death, many were mourning the loss of a man that they considered a reformer and someone who was willing to make changes.

Many asked the Chinese government to reconsider their designation of Hu Yaobang as a traitor, and a lot of people asked the Chinese government to put in place the reforms introduced by Hu Yaobang into place.

Huge amounts of mourners took to the streets, some 50,000 in cities although mourning took place all across the country.

Soon, police began clashing with mourners, which quickly turned into hostile confrontation.

Li Peng was one of the few leaders inside of China who urged Deng Xiaoping to take a more softer approach, and refused to participate in the hostile reponse. For this, he was purged and died under house arrest.

Police tried to clear the crowd protesting in Tiananmen Square, but a few thousand protesters remained. Police began to move tanks, and firing into the crowd.

Those who fled were often arrested and jailed.

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Bandung, Bandung City, West Java, Indonesia

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The Non-aligned movement was a movement of countries who wanted to be free of the two superpowers's influence. These countries neither wanted to live under communism nor capitalism. members promised to band together for greater protection. Members included India, Ghana, Indonesia, and Egypt.formed in 1955

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1979-1989

Conflict between the Soviet-Backed communist government of Afghanistan and the Islamist Mujahedeen Resistance.

Failures of current government + increasing anti-foreign sentiments among hard-line Islamic communities.

During the end of December, Soviet Leader Brezhnev assisted the leader, Haizfullah Amin, sent huge amounts of tanks and troops into Afghanistan. This invasion took over key parts of the government like the Presidential Palace in an attempt to secure the nation. The intention was to head to key towns and secure key road networks, before leaving in a year.

However, under support from nations like Pakistan, Great Britian and the United States under Operation Cyclone began to support the Mujahideen resistance. The United States funded millions and billions of dollars to radical groups, groups that would become the Taliban and Al-Qaeda.

Following the collapse of the Soviet Union, the conflict became the Civil War of Afghanistan.

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1961

Response to remove Fidel Castro from Cuba

Developed by the CIA over the Eisenhower and Kennedy Administration

Led by Jose Miro Cardona, head of the Cuban Revolutionary Council.

Despite attempts to keep quiet, was common knowledge among most Cuban's in Miami, Castro new almost a year ahead of time.

Tried to deploy them inside the swampy and remote Bay of Pigs, but also put them 80 miles away from any refuge.

Plan was supposed to have two air strikes, and a 1.4k man invasion.

However: Numerous Mistakes:

1) Bombers were obsolte B-26 WWII era, 20 years to old.

Slow, missed targets, shot down

2)Bad Weather, Time Issues, Sank Two Escort Ships,

3) Time difference change ment planes arrived late, shot down. Many died

Huge Disaster, humiliation on the world stage, limited Kennedy's administration going forward,

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Berlin Wall Memorial, Bernauer Straße, Berlin, Germany

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Berlin Wall Memorial, Bernauer Straße, Berlin, Germany

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Berlin Wall Memorial, Bernauer Straße, Berlin, Germany

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1945-1989

For a long time, East Germany had a problem with people fleeing to the west. The restrictions of Soviet Germany were unpopular, and many fled the increasingly repressive government.

By August 16 1961, walls began to be constructed to limit the fleeing of people

Earlier, Soviet's began to restrict the movement of food into Berlin, trying to starve the Western section into submission. However, airlifts saved the city.

East Germany stagnated under an oil-shock, in the 1970's.

Gorbachev was kind and fulfilling, and East Germans wanted a Gorbachev of their own. However, as restrictions waned and Egon Krenz tried to position himself as a East German Gorbachev, failed to meet promises.

Inability to answer questions, wrongfully stated that restrictions were lifted, and hordes of East Berliners and West Berliners tore down the wall. The fall of the Berlin Wall marked the end of the Cold War and the Soviet Union