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Example B:

Research Question:
How effective has state-owned Moscow Metro's pricing strategy been in reducing the negative externalities of car use in the city?

28/34

The research topic is effectively communicated. There is a clear indication as to how and why the focus of the research was narrowed down to the actual research question. This leads to a clear statement of the research question.

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To what extent can the interior design of hospitals provide a healing aspect for patients?

Grade B

https://www.clastify.com/ee/visual-arts/668a60794a9db8886c87e8d0

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Research Question: How has the use of language in the song lyrics of "Rolling Stones" changed depending on context of composition?

Grade: B

Commentary: The research question is clearly communicated, and the primary sources are identified in the introduction. The methodology is generally appropriate; it relies on the analysis of language within specific cultural contexts. Sources are reasonable, including social contexts and interviews with musicians.

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R. Q.: How to measure the area underneath the line segments obtained through connecting points of n(n ε Z⁺) equal sections accordingly from two adjacent sides of a unit square?

Marks: 30/34

Commentary:

Focus and Method: An appropriate method has been selected in relation to the topic and research question. There is evidence of effective and informed selection of sources. The student goes beyond the scope of the research question, which could be rephrased to accommodate this.

Knowledge and Understanding: Knowledge and understanding are excellent and appropriate to the research question.

Critical Thinking: The research is analysed effectively and clearly focused on the research question; the inclusion of less relevant research does not significantly detract from the quality of the overall analysis.

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Grade A 33/34:

Research question: How do various rhetors use exigency to persuade their audiences on the issue of gun violence?

Comments: Although the research question on the title page looks broad, it is narrowed within the introduction, where primary sources are identified and contextualized using exigency—the urgency surrounding two stakeholders' positions on gun control—as the common element. The discussion is clearly focused on the research question throughout. Sources are a reasonable mix of primary, contextual, and rhetorical.

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Example A:

Research Question: To what extent has India's 2016 demonetization act impacted farmers, Kharif sale and Rabi sowing in Sultanganj?

19/34

The research question is suitable. However, the term demonetization was not explained in the essay.

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Grade C 19/34:

Research Question: How does the American media deliberately use adjectives and statistics to inform, influence, and manipulate its audience about the threat of climate change?

Comments:
The research question has a clear language focus and purpose, but the primary texts are only identified in the table of contents, and not introduced. Although the five primary sources representing a variety of media are generally relevant, the larger number does not enable an in-depth discussion. Secondary sources are reasonable, though rhetorical sources are limited.

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Research Question: To what extent are attitudes to death important in the characterisation and development of Joana in Near to the Wild Heart and Stephen in A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man?

Grade: A!!

Commentary: The research question is clearly stated and the secondary sources, mostly academic books and journal articles, are effective and informed for a literary analysis. The two seemingly unrelated sources—one Irish, one Brazilian—are capably and effectively connected through language and theme; the methodology is explained and appropriate.

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R. Q.: The analysis of the relationship between force and other variables in different bridge supporting scenarios.

Marks: 21/34

Commentary:

Focus and Method: The research question is clear but the discussion in the essay is only partially focused and connected to it. The relationship between the research question and the direction taken in the essay needs some explanation.

Critical Thinking: The research is analysed in a way that is clearly relevant to the research question; the inclusion of less relevant research rarely detracts from the quality of the overall analysis. At times it is difficult to follow the explanations.

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Question: To what extent was the popular violence of the Cultural Revolution driven by Mao's need to eliminate opposition?

Grade: A

Commentary: The student incorporates both primary and secondary sources, and effectively outlines there topic. They show a clear understanding of their topic and uses historical terminology and concepts throughout the essay.

https://www.clastify.com/ee/history/6624af7bcd4288a76f29a4f2

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Grade B 26/34:

Research question: To what extent does theatre of the absurd offer a solution to the futility of existence?

Comments: Although the primary sources are not named in the research question, the three texts are identified in the introduction and contextualized regarding a common theme. Secondary sources are reasonable.

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Example C:

Research Question: How does the microwave assisted esterification synthesis of isoamyl acetate affect the produced yield and the purity of the product in a shorter reaction time compared to using reflux heating synthesis?

23/34

The research question is clear and focused (5–6).

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Research Question: To what extent did Nina Simone’s protest songs, Mississippi Goddamn, Four Women and To be Young, Gifted and Black, reflect the racial tension in the US in the 1960s?

Grade: B

Commentary: The research question is clear. The introduction sets out the identification and explanation of the topic, though the actual discussion in the essay is not entirely focused on this. Analysis of the songs starts about halfway through. Sources selected are relevant and appropriate.

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Example D

What are the chemical components of Beerlao that drain out when an opened bottle of the beer is inverted and the neck is submerged in water, and what causes this effect to occur?

The research question is clear, though the conditions tested should have been included in the second part of it (what causes this effect to occur) (5–6).

24/34

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Example E:

How do sub-mechanisms, Oxygen and Hydrogen evolution specific, contribute to the efficiency of a polymer electrolyte membrane cell?

The research question is clear, though some further mention of the meaning of efficiency and its determination would have been welcome.

22/34

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Grade A 30/34:

Research question: How far and to what effect does Humbert’s narration of the erotic vignettes change over the course of Vladimir Nabokov’s Lolita?

Comments: The topic is communicated accurately and effectively, and the context of the novel established in a crisp and informative introduction and preliminary background chapter. An appropriate academic range of secondary sources has been selected and used to support the candidate’s argument.

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Example F:

Can we get an insight on how the rate of the reaction between methyl azide and propyne differs with and without a homogeneous catalyst?

research question needs some further focus (which catalyst/s is/are going to be analysed?) and a better phrasing (this is a yes/no answer-type question ...);

28/34

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Example E

Research Question: To what extent is the modulation of APP expression levels the most promising therapeutic for Alzheimer’s disease?

Identification and explanation of the research topic is effectively communicated; the essay is coherent and logical in structure. The research question is clearly stated and focused.

28/34

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Research Question: How did the World State government in Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World impact the individuality of the citizens residing in it?

Grade: C

Commentary: The topic and research question are clearly focused and the purpose of the research is clear. Some attempt has been made to select relevant secondary source material, but better use could have been made of this to support the argument of the essay.

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Example B:

Research Question: What is the effect of decreasing the temperature on the reaction rate and rate constant of fading of a photochromic dye?

28/34

The research question is clear and focused.

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Example F

Research question: How does mitochondrial DNA of a sample of 37 students in a New York, USA community college vary in its mtDNA haplogroups and region of origin?

The research question is clear but the discussion in the essay is only partially focused and connected to the research question.

24/34

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Example G:

What are the factors that affect the bond strength between the acidic H⁺ and its bonded atoms, and hence affect the strength of the Brønsted - Lowry acids?

the research question is too vague (context?) and, as stated, too broad to be tackled within this work

17/34

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Example c

Research Question: To what extent do the antimicrobial properties of metals copper, barium and silver aid in inhibiting the growth of bacteria Staphylococcus albus andMicrococcus luteus?

The work meets the standard described by the 3–4 markband because there is a clear topic (antimicrobial effects of metals) and a focused research question.

29/34

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Grade A 28/34:

How do contemporary poets, Rodolfo Gonzales, Warsan Shire and Jennifer Toksvig depict the personal struggle for survival and creation of a new identity of refugees?

Commentary: A refreshing and original topic. The topic and its relevance are explained and focus maintained throughout. Although range of sources might seem limited because it’s about contemporary poems.

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Example A

Research question: What effects do different calcium salts in growth solutions have on the growth of the stems of basil (Ocimum basilicum) plants grown hydroponically?

The research question is clearly stated but only partially focused. It is not in the higher markband because the research question is not strongly focused.

15/34

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The copycat effect: An analysis of suicides emulated from non-fictional and fictional media 3/6

The research topic is not well defined with regard to the fictional versus nonfictional cases of suicide. It is only very late in the paper that this is clarified, but even then only to some extent. The research question should be more clearly stated. Sources are academic, but also rather dated, lacking "an appropriate range". The essay is for the most part focused on the question.

To what extent does childhood abuse affect the development of children in terms of depression and substance abuse? 5/6

The research question is stated but the wording needed more attention. At first glance it appears that there are two variables being investigated: substance abuse and depression; however, the link between the two is explained in the introduction. The topic is communicated and clear, but the methodology of the essay is not outlined, and the focus of the essay is not consistently on both depression and substance abuse. The selection of sources is good, although there are also several non-academic sources.

To what extent does bilingualism delay the onset of dementia? 5/6

The question is focused and clearly stated. The topic is explained, and the essay is focused on the research question. The sources are satisfactory; several non-academic sources are included; some sources that are cited are not listed in the references.

To what extent is placebo treatment as effective as anti-depressants in the treatment of depression? 5/6

The research question is clearly stated and explained in the introduction. The essay is focused on the question, but the extensive background information (e.g., symptoms of depression) is not always highly relevant and could have been reduced to focus more on critical thinking. The relevance of the topic is explained in the introduction and the methodology is clearly outlined. A good range of sources; several sources are from non-academic sites (e.g., MedicineNet, Mayo Clinic, textbooks) or are not directly linked to the question.

To what extent do social networking sites (SNS) usage lead to experience of anxiety in adolescents? 6/6

The topic is well explained in the introduction and the final paragraph of the introduction clearly outlines the methodology of the essay. The research question is clearly stated, and the term “experience of anxiety” is operationalized and justified in the introduction. The essay is consistently focused on the question. There is a wide range of sources in the references and these are directly relevant to the question.

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Example D

Research question: Does the type of mutation in the WFS1 gene correlate with the severity of Wolfram Syndrome Type 1?

The research question is stated but not clearly expressed.

22/34

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Example A:

Research Question: To what extent can the industrial method of synthesis of aspirin be altered to best comply with the principles of green chemistry?

19/34

The research question is too broad, redesigning an industrial process through all green chemistry principles seems too big to tackle.

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Research Question: How does All Quiet on the Western Front reveal the expectations of Masculinity and patriotism during the early 20th century?

Grade: C

Commentary: The topic is communicated accurately and the research question is clearly stated and focused. The methodology and selection of sources are good. Because of the unsystematic research question (no text originally written in English) the mark is capped at a maximum of 4. This is a pity because overall the essay could have achieved a higher mark.

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Example B

Research question: How do different doses of the antioxidants Vitamin C and Vitamin E affect the human immune system in the short-term?

Research question is not well focused and there is no clear link between the two variables.

21/34

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Research Question;
By what means does Marina Abramovic relate to her audience?

Grade A

A best-fit approach has to be used here. The topic and the research question are clearly stated, appropriate to the subject, and the discussion in the essay is connected to the research question. The reasons why the candidate has chosen to investigate this topic are not explained. An appropriate range of relevant sources have been applied in relation to the research question but there is no evidence of an informed selection of sources or methods.

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Question: To what extent did German tactical mistakes affect the outcome of the Battle of Stalingrad?

Grade: C (20/34)

Commentary: The essay lacks focus, and requires more detail and depth. The knowledge wasn't used well to support the points. There are no real evaluation of sources, and the conclusion is not strongly supported and is conflicting.

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To what extent did the British colonial policy of indirect rule in Nigeria cause the Biafran War 1967–70?

Grade: A

Identification and explanation of the research topic is effectively communicated. There is a clear and consistently focused research question.