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The Ottomans formed the largest Muslim empire of the time. However it was not the only one. The  Safavids a Shi'ite dynasty became rivals  of the Sunni Ottomans.

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The Ottomans formed the largest Muslim empire of the time. However it was not the only one. The  Safavids a Shi'ite dynasty became rivals  of the Sunni Ottomans.

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Despite its military  successes, the Muslim community could not maintain unity as various groups struggled for power. 

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Despite its military  successes, the Muslim community could not maintain unity as various groups struggled for power. 

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The Safavids and Ottomans went on to a long fight that lasted for more than 100 years. They battled mainly over control of Mesopotamia's fertile plains.Over and over again, the Safavids gained and lost possession  of this land. Located at the center of international trade routes, the Safavid Empire developed a strong economy.

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The Safavids and Ottomans went on to a long fight that lasted for more than 100 years. They battled mainly over control of Mesopotamia's fertile plains.Over and over again, the Safavids gained and lost possession  of this land. Located at the center of international trade routes, the Safavid Empire developed a strong economy.

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The Safavid empire arose  when a youthful leader named Ismail united the Persian kingdoms  into and independent state in 1501.He took the Persian title for king shah. Ismail rapidly expanded Persia's borders.

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The Safavid empire arose  when a youthful leader named Ismail united the Persian kingdoms  into and independent state in 1501.He took the Persian title for king shah. Ismail rapidly expanded Persia's borders.

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The last three of the first four caliphs were assassinated. after the last one,Ali, was murdered in 661, a family known as the Umayyads  gained power.

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The last three of the first four caliphs were assassinated. after the last one,Ali, was murdered in 661, a family known as the Umayyads  gained power.

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opposition to the Umayyads grew until rebel groups overthrew them in 750. the rival clan named the Abbasids who are descendants of Muhammad's uncle.

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opposition to the Umayyads grew until rebel groups overthrew them in 750. the rival clan named the Abbasids who are descendants of Muhammad's uncle.

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But they missed one important person. An Umayyad prince escaped to Spain and soon founded a rival  Muslim dynasty that was destined for fame.

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But they missed one important person. An Umayyad prince escaped to Spain and soon founded a rival  Muslim dynasty that was destined for fame.

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the ottoman rulers were called sultans.the greatest of them was suleyman 1.

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the ottoman rulers were called sultans.the greatest of them was suleyman 1.

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Abbasids moved to the capital to Baghdad in central Iraq

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Abbasids moved to the capital to Baghdad in central Iraq

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eventually a group called the selijuk Turks converted to islam and came to controls the government of Muslim empire

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eventually a group called the selijuk Turks converted to islam and came to controls the government of Muslim empire

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in 1258, an invading group from central Asia called the mongols stormed baghdad and killed the last Abbasids caliph.

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in 1258, an invading group from central Asia called the mongols stormed baghdad and killed the last Abbasids caliph.

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when they overthrew the Umayyads in 750 the Abbasids ruthlessly haunted down and killed members of the Umayyad family.

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when they overthrew the Umayyads in 750 the Abbasids ruthlessly haunted down and killed members of the Umayyad family.

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the Mughal were nomads from central Asia who invaded India.

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the Mughal were nomads from central Asia who invaded India.

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a postal service connected the provinces and strong army kept in order

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a postal service connected the provinces and strong army kept in order

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many "people of the book", or jews and christians, played important roles in the ottoman empire.

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many "people of the book", or jews and christians, played important roles in the ottoman empire.

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in 1556, the Mughal leader Akbar the great came to the throne at the age of 13 and led Muslim India to a brilliant golden age.

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in 1556, the Mughal leader Akbar the great came to the throne at the age of 13 and led Muslim India to a brilliant golden age.

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Muslim rulers of al-andalus faced many challenges however after the death of abd al-Rahman 111 in 961 civil war erupted.

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Muslim rulers of al-andalus faced many challenges however after the death of abd al-Rahman 111 in 961 civil war erupted.

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woman in the ottoman empire led more restricted lives then man did.

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woman in the ottoman empire led more restricted lives then man did.

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he tired to end traditional conflicts between Muslims and Hindus by creating a new religion that mixed elements of both.

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he tired to end traditional conflicts between Muslims and Hindus by creating a new religion that mixed elements of both.

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lower-class woman in the ottoman had more access to public areas then did upper-class woman who where isolated from the world.

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lower-class woman in the ottoman had more access to public areas then did upper-class woman who where isolated from the world.

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Mughal power eventually began to decline however as rebellious hindus and European countries sought to gain control of india.

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Mughal power eventually began to decline however as rebellious hindus and European countries sought to gain control of india.