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¿Qué son los Modal Verbs?

Los Modal Verbs son verbos auxiliares que se usan para expresar habilidad, posibilidad, permiso, obligación, consejos o probabilidad.

Can

Use: Ability or possibility

Structures:

Affirmative: Subject + can + base verb + complement

Negative: Subject + can’t (cannot) + base verb + complement

Interrogative: Can + subject + base verb + complement + ?

Examples:

✅ I can play the guitar.

❌ I can’t swim very well.

❓ Can you help me?

Could

Use: Past ability or possibility

Structures:

Affirmative: Subject + could + base verb + complement

Negative: Subject + couldn’t + base verb + complement

Interrogative: Could + subject + base verb + complement + ?

Examples:

✅ I could read when I was five.

❌ I couldn’t go to the party yesterday.

❓ Could you open the window, please?

May

Use: Permission or possibility

Structures:

Affirmative: Subject + may + base verb + complement

Negative: Subject + may not + base verb + complement

Interrogative: May + subject + base verb + complement + ?

Examples:

✅ You may go out now.

❌ You may not use your phone in class.

❓ May I come in?

Might

Use: A less certain possibility than “may”

Structures:

Affirmative: Subject + might + base verb + complement

Negative: Subject + might not + base verb + complement

Interrogative: Might + subject + base verb + complement + ?

Examples:

✅ It might rain later.

❌ She might not come to the meeting.

❓ Might it be dangerous?

Should

Use: Advice or recommendation

Structures:

Affirmative: Subject + should + base verb + complement

Negative: Subject + shouldn’t + base verb + complement

Interrogative: Should + subject + base verb + complement + ?

Examples:

✅ You should drink more water.

❌ You shouldn’t eat too much junk food.

❓ Should I study tonight?

Must

Use: Obligation or necessity

Structures:

Affirmative: Subject + must + base verb + complement

Negative: Subject + mustn’t + base verb + complement

Interrogative: Must + subject + base verb + complement + ?

Examples:

✅ You must wear a seatbelt.

❌ You mustn’t be late for class.

❓ Must I finish it today?

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¿Qué es el Present Perfect?

Se usa para hablar de acciones que ocurrieron en el pasado pero tienen relevancia en el presente.

Structure:

Affirmative: suject + to have + past participle.

Negative: suject + to have + not + past participle.

Interrogative: have + suject + past participle.

Grammatical forms:

 Type of sentence  | Example

Afirmativa | I have visited London.

Negativa | She hasn't finished her homework.

Interrogativa | Have they eaten dinner?

Common uses:

- Experiencias: I have tried sushi.

- Cambios a lo largo del tiempo: My English has improved.

- Acciones con tiempo no específico: We have met before.

Fun facts:

- El Present Perfect no existe como tal en español, lo que lo hace difícil para hispanohablantes.

- Se usa mucho en entrevistas y currículums: I have worked in marketing for 3 years.

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Estos dos tiempos verbales en inglés nos permiten expresar acciones habituales y acciones que están ocurriendo en el momento.

Present Simple:

It is used for:

-Habitual actions or routines.

-General truths.

-Schedules or timetables.

Its structure is the following:

- Affirmative: subject + verb + complement (adding "s" for the third person singular).

- Negative: subject + do/does + not + verb + complement.

- Interrogative:Do/Does + subject + verb + complement?

📝Examples:

She works every day.

He doesn't like coffee.

Do you play soccer?

Present continuous:

It is used for:

-Actions that are happening right now.

-Temporary actions.

-Changes or trends.

Its structure is the following:

- Affirmative:subject + am/is/are + verb-ing + complement.

- Negative:subject + am/is/are + not + verb-ing + complement.

- Interrogative:Am/Is/Are + subject + verb-ing + complement?

📝Examples:

She is studying now.

They aren't watching TV.

Are you listening to music?

Mientras el present simple nos ayuda a hablar de lo que hacemos regularmente, el present continuous nos permite describir lo que está ocurriendo justo ahora. Saber cuándo usar cada uno es clave para podernos comunicar con claridad en inglés.