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Berkey, J. (2010). The New Cambridge History of Islam. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://www-cambridge-org.manchester.idm.oclc.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/482B10286DBE173591FFF997FE772437/9781139056144c1_p17-59_CBO.pdf/islam.pdf

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Watt, W., & Dowley, T. (2018). A Historical Overview. A Brief Introduction to Islam (Vol. 4, pp. 52–60). Augsburg Fortress. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv47w3d5.17

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William Montgomery Watt was a Scottish historian and professor who became one of the most influential Western scholars of Islam. Timothy Dowley is a writer and editor known for works on church and religious history. Together, their chapter “A Historical Overview” is included in A Brief Introduction to Islam, published in 2018 by Augsburg Fortress, a publishing house in the United States that specializes in religious studies. The chapter provides readers with background information about the origins and development of Islam, written in an accessible style for a general audience.

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Jonathan Berkey is a historian of the Islamic world who teaches at Davidson College in the United States. His work focuses on the religious and social history of the Middle East during the medieval period. This chapter on Islam was published by Cambridge University Press as part of a scholarly volume. It introduces readers to the early history and development of Islam, drawing on historical sources and academic research.

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"The religion was born among the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula in the early seventh century CE. Yet Islam as we know it is the product of many peoples and cultures: the Arabs, but also converts from among the Jewish, Christian and Zoroastrian communities of the Near East. By 1800 Islam had expanded into south-eastern Europe, central, south and South-East Asia, and subSaharan Africa"

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"The history of Islam, one of the most significant cultural forces in the world today, began around 610 ce in the city of Mecca, when, Muslims believe, Muhammad began to receive revelations from God, which were recorded as the Qur’an. Muhammad’s message – that there was only one God, who

was omnipotent and merciful, and who will judge all humanity at the end of time – was initially not well received in Mecca, and he was forced out."

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Gamiet, A. (2019). The Rise of Islam. https://issuu.com/kube_publishing/docs/the_rise_of_islam_-_preview

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The Rise of Islam is a graphic novel published by Kube Publishing, a UK-based press that produces books about Islam and Muslim culture for a wide audience. This illustrated work presents the story of Islam’s beginnings in an accessible way, combining drawings and narrative text. The graphic novel format is intended to make the history of Islam easier to

understand, especially for younger readers or those new to the topic.