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Research Question:Can biodiversity in species improve soil nutrients of pine plantations?

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Research Question:Can biodiversity in species improve soil nutrients of pine plantations?

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https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11929463/

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Checking your browser before accessing pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov…

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-This source investigates the benefits that mixed-species in forest plantations provide.

-It looks for factors such as biodiversity and improved soil health.

-The main goal is to address global environmental challenged that arise from monoculture tree farms,.

-More than 7000 observations were compiled worldwide.

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-A meta-analysis was conducted using 7,045 observations across 311 studies.

-This analysis was used to show how mixed-species plantations compared to monoculture plantations.

-For example “mixed-species plantations significantly increased understory plant biomass, cover, and species richness by 32.6%, 55.4%, and 32.2%, respectively, compared to monocultures”

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-Species mixing led to a 22.9 percent increase in understory plantations communities.

-Soil properties improved by 11.0% in species mixing.

-Higher carbon sequestration was found in species mixing.

-total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total potassium, contents increased by 17.8%, 9.6%, and 15.1%.

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Guo J, Kneeshaw D, Peng C, Wu Y, Feng L, Qu X, Wang W, Pan C, Feng H. Positive effects of species mixing on biodiversity of understory plant communities and soil health in forest plantations. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2025 Mar 18;122(11):e2418090122. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2418090122. Epub 2025 Mar 13. PMID: 40080637; PMCID: PMC11929463.

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Topic:Testing AI’s use as a means for certain types of learning.

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Topic:Testing AI’s use as a means for certain types of learning.

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The cognitive paradox of AI in education: between enhancement and erosion

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Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming learning through unparalleled levels of personalization, efficiency, and scalability (Govea et al., 2023; Mahmoud and Sørensen, 2024). AI-based technologies such as adaptive learning systems and intelligent tutoring systems are revolutionizing traditional pedagogical paradigms as they individualize instruction to the needs of particular learners (Alawneh et al., 2024). While these advances have the potential to enhance learning, they also raise significant questions about their implications on the cognitive development of students, particularly in critical thinking, problem-solving, and recall. Among the challenges is determining whether AI is an enabler of deep learning or inadvertently induces cognitive dependency—a cognitive offloading effect (Grinschgl and Neubauer, 2022; Kim et al., 2024).

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Examines the influence of AI on learning processes and cognitive elements

Uses cognitive load theory

Cites factors such as memory retentions and problem solving.

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Not a study, but it compiles data from sources that are “empirical evidence on AI’s cognitive impact”

The sources that are pulled, often involve studying colleg students.

For example, “Akgun and Toker studied 73 information science undergraduates at a Pennsylvania university”

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AI has its setbacks but can ai in vocational education, creativity in terms of fluency, and “accessibility” to memory.

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Jose B, Cherian J, Verghis AM, Varghise SM, S M, Joseph S. The cognitive paradox of AI in education: between enhancement and erosion. Front Psychol. 2025 Apr 14;16:1550621. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1550621. PMID: 40297599; PMCID: PMC12036037.

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Topic:Red 40’ role in chronic and fatal health issues

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Topic:Red 40’ role in chronic and fatal health issues

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The synthetic food dye, Red 40, causes DNA damage, causes colonic inflammation, and impacts the microbiome in mice

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The incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) among young people has been on the rise for the past four decades and its underlying causes are only just starting to be uncovered. Recent studies suggest that consuming ultra-processed foods and…

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Mainly studies colorectal cancer in. Young adults

Gap in research is the “understanding as to why we are seeing a rise in CRC in otherwise healthy young people in their 20’s and 30’s”

Red 40 is often eaten with high processed foods, that also lead to cancer.

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They used A/J mice to test, because they have a higher chance of developing colon cancer.

Gave the mice a diet that was a typical western diet.

Colon Foci were counted under the microscope in order to establish findings.

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Overall Red 40 at equivalent to the Accepted Daily Allowance cause colon cancer

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Zhang Q, Chumanevich AA, Nguyen I, Chumanevich AA, Sartawi N, Hogan J, Khazan M, Harris Q, Massey B, Chatzistamou I, Buckhaults PJ, Banister CE, Wirth M, Hebert JR, Murphy EA, Hofseth LJ. The synthetic food dye, Red 40, causes DNA damage, causes colonic inflammation, and impacts the microbiome in mice. Toxicol Rep. 2023 Sep 6;11:221-232. doi: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2023.08.006. PMID: 37719200; PMCID: PMC10502305.