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A plot is the sequence of events that make up a story

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the first paragraph or paragraphs in which the characters, setting (time and place), and basic information is introduced.

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a series of relevant incidents that create suspense, interest, and tension in a narrative.

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The highest point of tension or drama in a narratives’ plot.

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The tension stemming from the story's central conflict decreases.

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When conflicts are resolved and the story concludes.

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Setting is the time and place (or when and where) of the story.

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The protagonist works toward the central story goals, while the antagonist works against the goals.

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The central struggle between characters or competing forces

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When a character struggles with something within themselves.

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A struggle that takes place between the main character and some outside force. For example:
Man vs. Man
Man vs. Society
Man vs. Nature
Man vs. technology

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Situation in which two characters have opposing desires or interests.

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Character must take on society itself, and not a single person.

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Character is tormented by natural forces such as storms or animals.

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Results from humans involved in a struggle with manmade machines.

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A universal idea, lesson, or message explored throughout a work of literature.

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The linguistic choices made by a writer to convey an idea or point of view, or tell a story, in an effective way.

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Determines how the chosen words are used to form a sentence.

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A connotation is the feeling a word invokes.
A denotation is what the word literally says.

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DENOTATIONS & CONNOTATIONS | English Lesson

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Reflects the writer’s attitude toward the subject matter or audience.

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Refers to the emotional response that the writer wishes to evoke in the reader through a story.

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Interruptions that writers do to insert past events, in order to provide background or context to the current events of a narrative.

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To indicate or hint to readers something that is to follow or appear later in a story.

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The repetition of grammatical elements in writing and speaking.

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What the character or narrator telling the story can see (his or her perspective).

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A way of storytelling through the narrator’s point of view.

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In literature, second person point of view breaks the fourth wall by directly addressing the reader with the pronoun “you.”

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Direct comparison of unlike things using "like" or "as."

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Direct comparison between two unlike things without using "like" or "as."

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Point of view that uses the pronouns “he,” “she,” “they,” “them,” etc. The narrator does not, unlike the other third person perspectives, have any insight into the characters’ thoughts and feelings.

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The author limits themselves to one character’s perspective at a time, but the narrator knows what that chosen character feels or thinks.

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Comparing a non-human thing with human characteristics.
Ex: "The grass is dancing in the wind"

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Extreme exaggeration

Ex: It's a slow burg-I spent a couple of of weeks there one day.

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Literacy device that uses symbols, weather they be words, people, marks, locations, or abstract ideas to represent something beyond the literal meaning.

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Learn how to identify symbolism in literature, and incorporate it into your own writing. This lesson was created for my friends at learning bird. Check out more of their videos at http://www.learningbird.com

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The narrator knows everything about everybody’s thoughts and feelings.

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a figure of speech that puts together opposite elements. The combination of these contradicting elements serves to reveal a paradox, confuse, or give the reader a laugh.

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What are oxymorons? 🤔 | Oxymorons in English | Learn with examples

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a word or expression used considerably instead of a harsher alternative. For example, someone might say they’re “taking an early retirement” instead of admitting they got fired.

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Euphemism - How To Use Euphemism - Examples of Euphemism -  Euphemism Figure of Speech

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an implied or indirect reference to a person, event, or thing or to a part of another text. Most allusions are based on the assumption that there is a body of knowledge that is shared by the author and the reader and that therefore the reader will understand the author’s referent.

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The repetition of vowel sounds in nearby words.

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What is assonance? 🤔 | Assonance in English | Learn with examples

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A series of words begin with the same consonant sound. It's used to emphasize something important that a writer or speaker would like to express.

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Oregon State University - School of Writing, Literature and Film

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"What is Alliteration?": A Literary Guide for English Students and Teachers

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Expression that is trite, worn-out, and overused. As a result, clichés have lost their original vitality, freshness, and significance in expressing meaning.

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Cliché in English// Avoid Clichés in Formal Writing

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Figure of speech that means something different than a literal translation of the words would lead one to believe. For example, "it's raining cats and dogs" is a common idiom in English, but it's not meant to be taken literally.

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Idioms | Award Winning Teaching Video | What Is An Idiom? | Figurative Language

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Known as a “play on words.” Puns involve words with similar or identical sounds but with different meanings. Their play on words also relies on a word or phrase having more than one meaning.

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What is a Pun? Definition with Examples | Figures of Speech

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Literary device in which contradictory statements or situations reveal a reality that is different from what appears to be true. The effectiveness of irony as a literary device depends on the reader’s expectations and understanding of the disparity between what “should” happen and what “actually” happens in a literary work.

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When a speaker speaks something contradictory to what he intends to say. It is an intentional product of the speaker and is contradictory to his/her emotions and actions. To define it simply, it occurs when a character uses a statement with underlying meanings that contrast with its literal meaning

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Situational irony is a literary technique in which an expected outcome does not happen, or its opposite happens instead.

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Important stylistic device that is commonly found in plays, movies, theaters, and sometimes in poetry. Storytellers use this irony as a useful plot device for creating situations in which the audience knows more about the situations, the causes of conflicts, and their resolutions before the leading characters or actors.

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used step-by-step in literature to highlight and explain the details of a character in a story.

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The way an author or another character within the story describes or reveals a character, through the use of descriptive adjectives, epithets, or phrases.

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The author showing the audience what kind of person a character is through the character’s thoughts, words, and deeds.

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One that does not undergo inner changes, or undergoes a little change. It is a character that does not develop or grow.

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A dynamic character also undergoes changes throughout the narrative, due to conflicts he encounters on his journey. A dynamic character faces trials and tribulations, and takes time to learn from his encounters, his experiences, and his mistakes, as well as from other characters.

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A type of character in fiction that does not change too much from the start of the narrative to its end.

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A complex personality. Like real people, they have depth in feelings and passions.

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The art, practice, and study of human communication.

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How to use rhetoric to get what you want - Camille A. Langston

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ethos represents credibility, or an ethical appeal, which involves persuasion by the character involved.

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Literary device that is designed to inspire emotions from readers. Pathos is Greek for “suffering” or “experience.”

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Logos is a literary device that can be described as a statement, sentence, or argument used to convince or persuade the targeted audience by employing reason or logic.