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Please read the article below and write your reflection on the article. Some guiding questions are provided below. 

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Please read the article below and write your reflection on the article. Some guiding questions are provided below. 

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1) Do you have any experience in handling a biting incident in class?
2) Give 3 reasons why toddlers bite.
3)Share 2 ways to prevent the child from biting. Were you able to apply this in your class before? Did it work?
4) Based on the article, what absolutely will NOT work to stop biting?

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Toddler Biting: Finding the Right Response

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Trying your best to understand the underlying cause of toddler biting will help you develop an effective response.

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Please read the article below and write your reflection on the article. Some guiding questions are provided below.

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Please read the article below and write your reflection on the article. Some guiding questions are provided below.

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1) Who has the ultimate role about one child's diet?
2) If you are a parent of a toddler who is picky, what is one thing you should consider when you are serving them food?
3) What are two things we should let the children see if we are asking them to try new food?
4) As a teacher, how can you apply these in helping to feed children who are picky eaters? (Green bean soup, etc.)

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Toddlers are learning to navigate their world, communicate, and control some parts of their lives. They don't actually have control over much, but eating is one of the first areas they will master.

Parents can help them enjoy their limited power by giving them appropriate amounts of freedom when it comes to choosing foods and eating them.

That's not to say toddlers are deciding what to have for dinner. Parents have the important job of providing the kinds of foods that an active toddler needs. A parent's role is to present healthy foods and let a child decide which ones to eat - or whether to eat at all. Parents can steer a toddler toward healthy eating, but might have to do it in a crafty way.

By anticipating problems and offering choices, parents teach kids which behaviors will yield positive results and which ones won't.

Here's how to turn common concerns into opportunities to teach healthy eating habits.

Most Toddlers Are Picky Eaters

Many toddlers express their budding independence through eating - or not eating, as the case may be. So nearly all toddlers could be described as picky eaters. If kids don't like a food, they won't eat it - no rocket science there.

Does your toddler want to eat only macaroni and cheese? When a child is stuck on one food, a parent might feel forced to serve that food every day so the child eats something. But eventually the child may tire of that food - and then what?

You choose the foods on your toddler's plate - and you don't have to serve macaroni and cheese daily. If you do, you miss an opportunity to introduce new foods and increase the number of those your child is willing to eat. Most of these "food jags" won't last long if parents don't give in to them.

Kids won't starve, but they will learn to be more flexible rather than go hungry. Present a variety of healthy foods - including established favorites and some new foods - to make up the menu. Your toddler may surprise you one day by eating all of them.

Your toddler doesn't like green beans the first time around? Don't stop serving them. Kids are naturally slow to accept new tastes and textures, so keep reintroducing the beans. Serve a small portion and encourage your child to try a bite without nagging or forcing.

And be sure you're setting a good example! Serve nutritious foods that you like or eat something new so your kids see you enjoying what you're asking them to eat.

Don't Bargain for Bites

You want your child to eat the spinach you serve; your child drops it on the floor. Your well-meaning impulse may be to start talking up nutritious foods, saying how big and strong spinach will make your child. Or you might start bargaining: "Well, if you eat three more bites, I'll give you a cookie." The problem is that these tactics don't work in the long run.

Who hasn't used the line about spinach making you strong? But this approach may build dislike for the healthy food rather than acceptance. This doesn't mean you shouldn't teach kids about the benefits of healthy foods, but don't push too much by celebrating every bite of spinach your toddler eats or disapproving when he or she refuses.

For some kids, dinner becomes a negotiation session from the very start, and parents have been using dessert as an incentive for decades. But this doesn't encourage healthy eating. Instead it creates the impression that "treats" are more valuable than mealtime food. Foods like candy and cookies are not essential to a child's diet and it's not a deprivation to not serve them during the toddler years.

Threatening a punishment, much like bribing a child with dessert, ultimately isn't effective either. It creates a power struggle.

To encourage healthy eating, continue offering your child an array of nutritious choices - and keep the mealtime mood upbeat. Also try these tips:

Serve right-sized portions. Parents often overestimate how much food a child should eat. Especially with foods that aren't yet favorites, a couple of tablespoons is plenty to start with. Small portions are less overwhelming, while bigger portions may encourage overeating.

Don't negotiate. It's fine to encourage kids to "try one bite" but don't fall into the negotiating trap. Prepare and serve healthy meals and let them decide what to eat.

Have family meals together. Set your toddler's place at the family table - it's good for kids of this age to see their parents and siblings eating together and eating healthy foods. Kids eat a more nutritious diet, with more fruits and vegetables, when they regularly have family meals.

Create positive peer pressure. Toddlers are more likely to eat fruits and vegetables if they see their peers eating them, so look for opportunities where they can eat healthy with friends.

Let Kids Feed Themselves

Kids should start finger feeding around 9 months of age and try using utensils by 15-18 months. Provide many opportunities for this, but make sure your toddler eats enough so that the experience doesn't lead to frustration.

Jump in to help when necessary, but pay attention to hunger cues and signs that your child is full. You can always offer more if your child still seems hungry, but you can't take the food back if you overfeed. When you're controlling the fork or spoon, resist the urge to slip in one more bite. And as your toddler gets the hang of eating, step back and let your child take over.

Some parents think that not letting kids feed themselves is for the best, but it takes away control that rightfully belongs to kids at this age. They need to decide whether to eat, what they will eat, and how much to eat - this is how they learn to recognize the internal cues that tell them when they're hungry and when they're full. Just as important, toddlers need to learn and practice the mechanics of feeding themselves.

Listen to Your Child

Be alert to what toddlers say through their actions. A child who is building a tower of crackers or dropping carrots on the floor may be telling you he or she is full. Pushing food on a child who's not hungry may dull the internal cues that help kids know when they've eaten enough.

But this doesn't mean that it's practical or advisable for kids to eat on demand all day long. Those who eat all day may not learn what it is like to be hungry or full. That's why structured meals and snack times are important.

Kids can manage their hunger when they come to expect that food will be available during certain times of the day. If a child chooses not to eat anything at all, simply offer food again at the next meal or snack time.

Can Kids Skip a Meal?

Many toddlers need to eat often - as much as six times a day, including three meals and two or three snacks. Keep this in mind as you establish a pattern of meal and snacks. But realize that a food schedule only sets the times that you will present food to your toddler. Your child may not take every opportunity to eat.

Allowing kids to skip a meal is a difficult concept because many of us were raised to clean our plates and not waste food. But kids should be allowed to respond to their own hunger cues, a vital skill when it comes to maintaining a healthy weight. That means eating when hungry - and sometimes not eating, even if it's time for Thanksgiving dinner.

Set times for meals and snacks and try to stick to them. A child who skips a meal finds it reassuring to know when to expect the next one. Avoid offering snacks or pacifying hungry kids with cups of milk or juice right before a meal - this can diminish their appetite and decrease their willingness to try a new food being offered.

Avoid the Junk Food Trap

Toddlers need to eat healthy to get the nutrients their growing bodies need. Candy, potato chips, and other low-nutrient "junk foods" shouldn't be part of their diet because they can crowd out the healthy foods needed. Also, food preferences are established early in life, so don't miss opportunities to help your toddler develop a taste for nutritious foods.

Even if your child likes candy or chips, don't feel like you must give in. Kids can't run to the store to buy them, so just don't keep them in the house.

If your toddler asks for candy, simply say, "We don't have any candy." Then present two healthy snack alternatives to choose from. Even a child who mourns the lack of candy will still enjoy the sense of control from deciding which healthy snack to eat.

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Toddlers at the Table: Avoiding Power Struggles

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Toddlers are learning to navigate their world, communicate, and control some parts of their lives. They don't actually have control over much, but eating is one of the first areas they will master. Parents can help them enjoy their limited power by giving them appropriate amounts of freedom when it comes to choosing foods and eating them.

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Karr
3. We can encourange the child to try a small amount in the spoon for them to taste it and secondly, we should set ourselves as a role model for the children to imitate.
4. Normally, i encourage my children to try small amount (e.g. green/red beans), then tell them that these food will make them strong and healthy like their parents, tell them story(teacher -made story) and praise them when they try the food.

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There could be many reasons that toddlers bite. Some could be that they are too excited, too overwhelmed or are teething. Some ways to stop them are to distract them with toys/books or to bring them outdoors.

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1. The parent has the ultimate role about one child's diet but as teachers, we can help them as we intentionally communicate to parents.

2. I should give them small portions and also a varied of new food and the food they like.

3. That we are enjoying the food ourselves and that we are not forcing them but encouraging the,

4. Just be consistent and not give up in offering the food to the children but also give options.

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1. Yes. One of my children likes to bite others to express his anger and a pair of twins that are still teething. Thus, they will bite almost everything.
2.
- Lack of communication skills, bite to express emotion (anger, sadness)
- Teething
- Needs some form of oral stimulation
3.
-Distract the child with books or other toys. It works on the twins to stop biting for a while however, they will lose interest in the activity and move on.
- Showing more attention to the child who was bitten. The child who bites the friend will try other ways to gain attention and when it did not work, they will copy what their friends are doing (e.g playing toys)
4. Biting the child back. This could backfire as the child will learn that biting is okay and continue doing it.

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1. Yes

2.
1. Lack of language skills to express themselves, for example, anger and, frustration.
2. Experimenting - see what happens next
3. Teething

3.
1. Ask the child why he/she bites?
2.  Reinforce rules that we don't want to hurt friends.

4.
1. Negative attention
2. Yelling and angry

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V.Jeevita BY 207

1) The parents will the having the ultimate role in their child’s diet as they are the ones that who will be planning their child’s menu daily.

2) As a parent of a picky eater, I will consider providing my child with the right amount of nutrients intake and ensure that I eat along with them so as to set as an example.

3) Children should be able to see that we are also enjoying the food that they are having and we should let them see the real food textures and colour so that they know what they are eating.

4) As a teacher I will let the child try the food little by little till they get accustomed to the food taste.

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1) Yes. the child bite the other child due to space constraint. And one more child likes to bite everything she picks such as toys, books or table safety foam.
2) Teething, fighting over toys or did not get to express their needs or emotions.
3) Distract the child by doing some activity. Communicate with the child on ways on why biting is not recommend/no biting their friends.
4) Biting your child back.

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1) Yes. A child biting another when she took a toy that he was playing with.
Children biting everything that she sees / is holding on to (eg. foam blocks, books, etc.)

2)
1. Are overwhelmed
2. Are teething
3. Have a need for oral stimulation

3)
1. Distract your child with a toy or book.
2. Suggest how your child might handle the situation that is triggering the need to bite.

I applied both ways in my class before. A child was biting her finger so I gave her some cooking toys to play with and she got distracted by the toys that she stopped biting her finger and played with the toys.
The child who bit another when she took a toy that he was playing with - I got him to apologise to the girl he bit and taught him to share toys with another instead of biting, hurting his friends.

4)
- Shaming or harsh punishment do not reduce biting.
- Biting your child back, which some might suggest, is not a useful response.

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1. Adults (Parents, teachers) have the ultimate role in deciding what the child has.
2. Serve a variety of healthier foods and allow them to explore with the different new foods while encouraging them.
3. Set a good example for the child and show them that you are also enjoying the foods, give them smaller portions so that it would be less overwhelming for them.
4. For green bean soup, I would serve smaller portions without the green beans and encourage them to drink the soup, then move on to with a little bit of beans for them to eat. For children who are still picky, I usually reward them with 'Hi-Fives'. For e.g: 'If you finish 5 mouths, I will give you 5 Hi-Fives!'

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1, I have experienced a child biting another child.

2, toddlers bite because they are overwhelmed, too tired and unable to express themselves.

3, Distract the child who is going to bite with toys. Suggest to the child how to handle the situation which trigger he/she to bite.

4, Shaming or bite back will not reduce biting.

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1. Parents/Guardians are the most important influence on your child. They can do many things to help their children develop healthy eating habits for life. By making better decisions, parents help practice healthy habits for their children.

2. Children can receive the nutrients they require from each food group by being provided with a variety of foods. They will also be more likely to try and like new foods.

3. Allow the children to select from a variety of ingredients. Encourage them to touch, hold, smell, and taste it if they so choose. Ask children to express their opinions with you at each stage by talking about food and engaging in conversation.

4. > Giving children information about healthy eating habits can help them make better choices. In class, we can talk about how much of those different foods are vital to our day and when it’s best to choose which foods during the day.  > We can introduce the new meal and encourage the child to try one bite of that food before deciding how he feels about it. Continue to encourage the trying of one bite.  Model trying as well.

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Harniza PG 118                                                     1) No biting incident happened but I do noticed a child liked to bite her own hand till there is bite marks on her hand. 

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Harniza PG 118                                                     1) No biting incident happened but I do noticed a child liked to bite her own hand till there is bite marks on her hand. 

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2) Toddler bite could be that they be (a) teething (b)lack of language skills - they need to express their needs eg, anger/happy.

3) -Distract the child with toys that she likes.
- Suggest ways to share (Sit and play together with the child).

4 )-Biting your child back
- Punishment ( It will creates more fear and worry which eventually will increase biting incidents.

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1) Do you have any experience in handling a biting incident in class? Yes

2) Give 3 reasons why toddlers bite.
A. When a friend invade his space
B. When he’s not able to manage his emotions whenever he’s frustrated/ angry
C. When he doesn’t have enough sleep. (Father once shared that he didn’t have a goodnight sleep and the following day he was all cranky and bit his friend.

3)Share 2 ways to prevent the child from biting. Were you able to apply this in your class before? Did it work?
A. Encourage him more to verbalises his emotions more often. Using words will help him identify his emotions and will enable him to express himself more.
B. Divert his attention whenever he shows unpleasant behaviours while playing with friends. These strategies somehow helps a possible biting incident.

4) Based on the article, what absolutely will NOT work to stop biting?
Harsh punishment and shaming the child or putting him in a situations that would make him embarrass would not help addressing the behavioural issue.

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I think parents are their ultimate role on their child's diet. and I think children's diet should starts in their early age. Because if the child had one type of in her/his diet from infant then it would be difficult to control their diet in future. So teachers could help from there for example by singing or attract them by the color of the food.

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1) So far, no biting case. Also noticed a child likes to bite his own finger and leave a mark on his hand.

2) Toddlers bite due to teething, or exploring new things around them. They bite their friends also, to find attention. Other than that, they might think its for act in self-defence.

3) One of the reason to prevent the child from biting is to distract the child with toys or books that the love.

4) Being angry towards them and also harsh punishment.