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Martin Luther King Jr - Spokesman and leader in the Civils Rights Movement

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Martin Luther King Jr - Spokesman and leader in the Civils Rights Movement

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In an eleven year period, he spoke over 2,500 times in places where there was injustice, protest, and action. He traveled over 6,000,000 miles to deliver his words. One of these years, he led a massive protest in Birmingham, Alabama. This provided a coalition of conscience. He had conferred with Kennedy and campaigned with Johnson. He was arrested and assaulted many different times. He earned a Nobel Peace Prize but was assassinated in 1968.

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Feminine Mystique - Book that sparked Women's Liberation Movement

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Feminine Mystique - Book that sparked Women's Liberation Movement

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Written by feminist Betty Friedan, it began a widespread of public activism for gender equality. This is known as the second-wave of feminist movement. It gave voice to the frustrated women of America who disfavored the limited gender roles. It includes both her perspective and the perspective of the women she had talked to. Millions of copies were sold.

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Voting Rights Act 1965 - increased voting opportunities for African Americans

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Voting Rights Act 1965 - increased voting opportunities for African Americans

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The Voting Rights Act of 1965 prohibited racial discrimination in voting. It was signed into law by President Lyndon Johnson.  Martin Luther King and other civil rights leaders were present at the ceremony. This resulted in literacy tests being banned and the authorization of investigations on the use of poll taxes. It also provided for federal oversight of voter registration in areas where less than half the non-white population had registered to vote.

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Civil Right Acts 1965 - Banned discrimination 

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Civil Right Acts 1965 - Banned discrimination 

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The Civil Rights Act of 1965 ended segregation in public spaces and banned discrimination within employment on the basis of race, sex, religion, or national origin. This meant the end of Jim Crow laws. African Americans received secure and equal access to transportation and restaurants.

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24th Amendment - Banned poll taxes in the U.S.

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24th Amendment - Banned poll taxes in the U.S.

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The 24th Amendment prohibited federal and state governments from imposing poll taxes before a citizen could participate in a federal election. This was established as a response to Southern policies. The Supreme Court Case Harper v. Virginia Board of Electors expanded the prohibition of poll taxes.

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Immigration Act 1965 - Ended quotas on immigration 

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Immigration Act 1965 - Ended quotas on immigration 

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This act put an end to long-standing national-origin quotas that favored immigrants from Northern and Western Europe. kennedy believed these quotas were intolerable. Due to the establishment of this act, it led to an ethnic diversity in America. Asian, African, and Latin American population in the U.S. grew. This reunited immigrant families and attracted skilled labor.

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Baby Boom - Period of time where birthrates significantly increased

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Baby Boom - Period of time where birthrates significantly increased

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After WWII, men began to come back home from the war and there was a growing confidence in the economy. During this time, there were also advances made in the medical  field. These are all factors that led to the growth of the largest generation, the Baby Boom. People wanted large families and were confident that they were able to do so. Thus, people had lots of children, leading to an incline in birthrates.

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Douglas MacArthur - U.S. General of the army and a military leader 

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Douglas MacArthur - U.S. General of the army and a military leader 

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MacArthur lead the UN armies in the Korean War as they provided military aid to South Korea. They fought against the Communist North Korea. As the Korean War fought on, North Korea seemed like they would be victorious, however, the Koreans in the South requested for some assistance from the United Nations. MacArthur was chosen as the leader of these forces. Through MacArthur's leadership, the South began to push the Northern army behind the 38th parallel. Later they were pushed back by threatened Chinese forces. He, then, believed that nuking China was the ideal strategy but was denied. He was later fired when he tried going against Truman's orders.

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American Indian Movement - Native American movement that protested more tribal rights

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American Indian Movement - Native American movement that protested more tribal rights

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The American Indian Movement's, AIM, original intent was to help indians in urban ghettos who were forced from reservations due to government programs. AIM was included in multiple protests. In the mid 1970s, their goal became more centralized on the prevention of resource exploitation of Indian lands from the federal government.

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Conformity - The act of changing your behaviors to fit in with others. 

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Conformity - The act of changing your behaviors to fit in with others. 

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The 1950s is an era known significantly for its conformity. People had similar lifestyles, personalities, and beliefs. Examples can be seen in cookie cutter houses, white-collar jobs, and the Baby Boom. This feeling of conformity was due to the paranoia of Communism. It became a way where people could distinguish the culture of Americans from the rest. Strict gender roles were observed and both men and women had to meet society's expectations.

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Medicare/Medicaid - Provided health coverage and financial security for elderly and benefits for the poor

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Medicare/Medicaid - Provided health coverage and financial security for elderly and benefits for the poor

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In 1965, a health insurance program, Medicare, was signed into law for the elderly in America by President Lyndon Johnson. It was signed as an amendment to the Social Security Act. A total of 19 million people were enrolled into this program. Later, this program was extended to Americans under 65 who had disabilities and patients with permanent kidney problems. In late 2003, outpatient prescription drugs benefits were added to Medicare.

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Berlin Wall - Wall separating West Berlin and East Berlin

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Berlin Wall - Wall separating West Berlin and East Berlin

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In 1961, Eastern Germany began to build a barbed wire and concrete wall. This was built with an intent to keep fascists from coming into East Germany. It was successful in halting the floodings of emigrants. As a result from this wall, over 170 people were killed attempting to escape East Germany, The barrier lasted until 1989 when the head of the East German Communist Party announced citizens were allowed to pass the wall whenever they wanted to do so.

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2nd Red Scare - An era of fear of Communism in the 1950s

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2nd Red Scare - An era of fear of Communism in the 1950s

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The 2nd Red Scare is a fear-driven phenomenon brought about from the expanding power of Communist countries in the 1950s. People were paranoid that Communists would infiltrate the government and take over the world. Because of this, espionage and other organizations began to help root up these communists. Some took advantage of this paranoia and blamed people who were against them for personal gain.

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Boats and boating--Equipment and supplies

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The Rosenbergs - Husband and Wife who were sentenced to the electric chair

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The Rosenbergs - Husband and Wife who were sentenced to the electric chair

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During the time of the Red Scare, people were very paranoid of spies and hidden Communists. With little evidence, people were accused of espionage and supporting Communism. The Rosenbergs were one of these victims. The government believed they had been passing secret information to the Soviets as spies about the atomic bombs. They were also believed to be heading a spy ring. Although much of the public believed they were innocent, they were still executed on the electric chair. The public was heavily divided as some believed this was a cruel and unusual punishment while others said it was dealt with justly.

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In 1957, the Soviets had launched the first satellite into space. This rocket was launched from Kazakhstan. This satellite was the first to orbit Earth, marking the beginning of the space race between the U.S. and the U.S.S.R. The U.S. felt that they were falling behind in technology compared to the Soviets. Thus, they created NASA, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.

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Federal Highway Act - Act authorizing the building of highways throughout the nation

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Federal Highway Act - Act authorizing the building of highways throughout the nation

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In 1956, Congress passed the construction of 41,000 miles of interstate highways. This allowed for faster transportation and more direct routes. These systems of highways took over 13 years to complete and is estimated that this project took $425 billion. This came to be known as the biggest public works project in the history of the nation.

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NATO - A military alliance between the U.S. and Western Europe

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NATO - A military alliance between the U.S. and Western Europe

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After the U.S.S.R. formed the Berlin War, it caused an incline of fear in Western Europe due to the Soviets' aggression. As a result NATO, National Atlantic Treaty Organization, was formed. Members of NATO agreed to provide aid to countries who were attacked, guaranteeing the freedom and security through political and military means. This was the first peacetime military alliance that the nation entered outside the Western Hemisphere.

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White Collar - Jobs that do not require manual labor

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White Collar - Jobs that do not require manual labor

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After WWII, more men began attending colleges. This led to a growth in white collar jobs in areas including management and advertisement. In the 1950s, white collar jobs began to outnumber blue collar workers. Because of this, it allowed for more opportunities to advance into remarkable positions such as managers or executives.

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Warsaw Pact - A military alliance between Eastern Europe

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Warsaw Pact - A military alliance between Eastern Europe

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The Warsaw Pact was a defence treaty created by the U.S.S.R. and seven other satellite nations in West Europe. This was made as a response to the Eastern alliance, NATO. This promoted the spread of Communism and countered the threat of European capitalism. This alliance had lasted a total of 36 years until anti-Soviet and anti-Communist movements began in Eastern Europe. Many countries began to withdraw from the pact in the late 1980s which caused the pact to become unstable, eventually falling apart in 1991.

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The loans given to veterans were used towards their college fees, setting up businesses, and buying homes. This helped with the economy and led to a spur in the growth of suburbs. The GI Bill heavily contributed to the establishment of the middle class, expanding educational access, and helping veterans transition from their military life into their civilian life.