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-Peer Assisted Writing
-Set and maintain high standards for text, conversation, questions and vocabulary

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Clear statements of the lesson and the expectations

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Provide immediate affirmative and corrective feedback

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Breaks down complex skills or strategies into smaller units.

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Multi-component strategy instruction enables students with different skill levels to work together to comprehend complex texts

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Gradual release model and no student inferencing

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Teacher modeling!

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Build literacy skills with a flexible learning environment

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*9:Provide an adequate range of examples and non- examples
= Allowing students to make a connection.

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Clear instructions with prior knowledge applied 

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Clear instructions with prior knowledge applied 

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A scaffold is a temporary support used to assist a learner with new content, skill or task.

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Logical progression/multiple practice opportunities/activate prior knowledge

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Finlayson et. Als review of 13 previous studies showed that explicit instruction was the most effective way to improve students’ writing achievement

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#1 focus on critical content
#3 break down complex skills
#8 use clear and concise language
# 13 feedalback

Increased discussions , set and maintain high standards
** in-depth understanding of students, needs , strengths and interests .**

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Clearly indicates differences between the learners work and the standard

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Clearly indicates differences between the learners work and the standard

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"Differentiation is an overall approach to teaching and can include combinations of many
practices, like flexible (heterogeneous or homogeneous) grouping, detailed progress monitoring,
using adaptive computer programs or learning materials, modifying learning content, adapting
instruction for weaker students and providing opportunities for acceleration for stronger
students. Differentiation practices can be applied to areas of learning content, learning process,
learning product (Roy et al., 2012).

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Sets and maintains high standards of text to help students be on grade level.

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The use of think aloud to promote discussion.

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High teacher support that slowly decreases as the students understanding increases which helps to develop ownership

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Direct, structured instruction through a modeled format, engaging the learner through interactive activities to a specified outcome.

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Differentiated literacy instruction is not one strategy or practice. It is a collection of educational practices and programs that can be used to provide students with multiple ways of learning and constructing meaning.

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Like training wheels,
scaffolding enables learners to do more advanced activities and to engage in more advanced thinking
and problem solving than they could without such help. Eventually, high-level functions are gradually
turned over to the students as the teacher (or computer system) removes the scaffolding and fades
away from the process (see Collins, Brown, & Newman, 1989; Graesser, McNamara, & VanLehn, 2005).

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Creative and flexible

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1. Focus instruction on critical content
2. Sequence skills logically
3. Break down complex skills and strategies into smaller instructional units 4. Design organized and focused lessons
5. Begin lessons with a clear statement of the lesson goals and your expectations 6. Review prior skills and knowledge before beginning instruction
7. Provide step-by-step demonstrations
8. Use clear and concise language
9. Provide an adequate range of examples and non-examples 10. Provide guided and supported practice
11. Require frequent responses
12. Monitor student performance closely
13. Provide immediate affirmative and corrective feedback 14. Deliver the lesson at a brisk pace
15. Help students organize knowledge
16. Provide distributed and cumulative practice

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Giving students a choice in how they show their learning

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Systematic instruction is routine instruction with 1) content/skills broken into
manageable units of discrete elements and 2) time scheduled for appropriate lesson/session dosages,
frequency and practice opportunities for student learning and mastery of content and skills.

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Teacher modeling: Provides high teacher support, but we must slowly decrease the support being provided to ensure students are self-sufficient.

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Adaptive teaching through content , keeping in mind the student learning levels and abilities

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The use of scaffolding as a metaphor within the domain of learning refers to the temporary support provided for the completion of a task that learners otherwise might not be able to complete

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Creative and flexible program to meet our students needs

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DI the process, the content, or outcome to target all learners.

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Shifting toward teachers offering students greater choice in instruction makes DI more effective

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Shifting toward teachers offering students greater choice in instruction makes DI more effective

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Explicit instruction includes explicit strategy instruction in the review.

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Student choice increases student engagement

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Student choice increases student engagement

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Teaching a specific concept or procedure in a highly structured and carefully sequenced manner.

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Differentiation and flexibility go hand in hand.

Differentiation is an overall approach to teaching and can include combinations of many practices, like flexible (heterogeneous or homogeneous) grouping, detailed progress monitoring, using adaptive computer programs or learning materials, modifying learning content, adapting instruction for weaker students and providing opportunities for acceleration for stronger students.

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Scaffolding can include tools in addition to teacher involvement

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Scaffolding can include tools in addition to teacher involvement

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Systematic instruction has been shown as an effective way to improve access of all students to general education 

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Systematic instruction has been shown as an effective way to improve access of all students to general education 

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Routines help to support student understanding and improve knowledge and comprehension

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This provides for a supportive learning environment for the students. where they are free to ask questions, provide feedback and support their peers in learning new material. Instructor takes on the role a mentor and facilitator of knowledge.

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Help students organize knowledge

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Content is broken down and manageable for student learning and mastery.

Students with different skills can work together and help comprehend skills and be engaging

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Instruction varies dependent on students’ interests, strengths, and areas of difficulty..

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Scaffolding can often be viewed as an intensive student approach, when in fact it allows teachers to engage despite skill levels.

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Scaffolding can often be viewed as an intensive student approach, when in fact it allows teachers to engage despite skill levels.

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Descriptive feedback needs to be specific and is time sensitive.

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Descriptive feedback needs to be specific and is time sensitive.