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"a category of artistic composition, as in music or literature, characterized by similarities in form, style, or subject matter."

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a darkened box with a convex lens or aperture for projecting the image of an external object onto a screen inside. It is important historically in the development of photography.

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In photography, 35 millimeter (35mm) film is a small-format photographic film used in single-lens reflex cameras (SLRs), film cameras, rangefinders, and disposable cameras.

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a type of camera with two objective lenses of the same focal length.

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The gelatin silver process is the most commonly used chemical process in black-and-white photography,

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a keeper or custodian of a museum or other collection.

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a public display of works of art or items of interest, held in an art gallery or museum or at a trade fair.

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A photographic studio is often a business owned and represented by one or more photographers, possibly accompanied by assistants and pupils, who create and sell their own and sometimes others’ photographs.

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a building in which objects of historical, scientific, artistic, or cultural interest are stored and exhibited.

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a room or building for the display or sale of works of art.

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An element of art defined by a point moving in space. Line
may be two-or three-dimensional, descriptive, implied, or
abstract.

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An element of art that is two-dimensional, flat, or limited to
height and width.

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An element of art that is three-dimensional and encloses
volume; includes height, width AND depth (as in a cube, a
sphere, a pyramid, or a cylinder). Form may also be free
flowing.

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An element of art by which positive and negative areas are
defined or a sense of depth achieved in a work of art .

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The lightness or darkness of tones or colors. White is the
lightest value; black is the darkest. The value halfway
between these extremes is called middle gray.

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An element of art made up of three properties: hue, value,
and intensity

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An element of art that refers to the way things feel, or look
as if they might feel if touched.

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the part of the design that catches the viewer’s attention. Usually the artist will make one area stand out by contrasting it with other areas. The area could be different in size, color, texture, shape, etc.

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Access Google Sites with a personal Google account or Google Workspace account (for business use).

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the path the viewer’s eye takes through the work of art, often to focal areas. Such movement can be directed along lines, edges, shape, and color within the work of art.

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the repeating of an object or symbol all over the work of art.

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the feeling of unity created when all parts (sizes, amounts, or number)
relate well with each other. When drawing the human figure, proportion can refer
to the size of the head compared to the rest of the body

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the use of several elements of design to hold the viewer’s attention and
to guide the viewer’s eye through and around the work of art.

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the feeling of harmony between all parts of the work of art, which creates a sense of completeness.

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Cool colors include green, blue, and purple, and variations of those three colors.

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Warm colors—yellow, orange, red and combinations therein—breathe energy, positivity and a sense of sunshine into any room.

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Neutral colors are muted shades that appear to lack color but often have underlying hues that change with different lighting.

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a color that combined with a given color makes white or black.

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Monochrome colors are all the varieties of a single hue - the tints, shades, and tones. A monochromatic color scheme will range between lighter and darker versions of the base color or hue.

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the rate of change with respect to distance of a variable quantity, as temperature or pressure, in the direction of maximum change. a curve representing such a rate of change.

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symmetry around a central axis, as in a starfish or a tulip flower.

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the distribution of the visual weight of objects, colors, texture, and space. If the design was a scale, these elements should be balanced to make a design feel stable. In symmetrical balance, the elements used on one side of the design are similar to those on the other side; in asymmetrical balance, the sides are different but still look balanced. In radial balance, the elements are arranged around a central point and may be similar.

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the quality of being made up of exactly similar parts facing each other or around an axis.

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lack of equality or equivalence between parts or aspects of something; lack of symmetry.

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the fact of two things being seen or placed close together with contrasting effect.

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Abstract art is art that does not attempt to represent an accurate depiction of a visual reality but instead use shapes, colours, forms and gestural marks to achieve its effect.

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Constructive criticism focuses on providing constructive feedback, supported by specific examples, to help you improve in some area. Constructive criticism should be offered in a friendly manner with good intentions.

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the practice of taking someone else's work or ideas and passing them off as one's own.

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When we talk about photography ethics, we are talking about applying concepts like responsibility, power, and dignity to how we we take and share photographs. Everyone will answer ethical questions in their own way, based on their own life experience, personal judgments, and photographic vision.

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an impersonal image not influenced by feelings, interpretations or prejudice. To create an unbiased photographic image or documentary

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being a visual art. In other words, it is based on your perception rather than judgments from other peoples perspective.

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a type of intellectual property that protects original works of authorship as soon as an author fixes the work in a tangible form of expression.

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a symbol, word, or words legally registered or established by use as representing a company or product.

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a composition guideline that places your subject in the left or right third of an image, leaving the other two thirds more open.

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a compositional technique where human-made or natural lines lead the viewer's eyes through a photograph to the subject or the heart of the image

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The photograph is divided into nine rectangles along two horizontal and vertical lines according to the golden ratio

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the empty space around the subject.

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any part of the photo that jumps out from its surroundings.

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compose your pictures so that the primary light source is behind your subject.

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light that's filtered by something. Sunlight through a sheer curtain is diffused. Light from behind a lampshade is diffused compared to the direct light of a bare bulb.

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any light a photographer or cinematographer did not bring to the shoot. Also known as available light, it's any light that you haven't set up yourself.

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Chiaroscuro, is an Italian term that refers to the intense contrast of light (chiar) and dark (oscuro) in art, famously used in the paintings of Rembrandt or Caravaggio to create a strong and dramatic mood.

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A silhouette is a solid, dark image of a subject against a brighter background.

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a painting, especially an altarpiece, on two hinged wooden panels which may be closed like a book.

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a picture or relief carving on three panels, typically hinged together side by side and used as an altarpiece.

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a way of representing a 3D object by using several 2D views of the object.

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makes straight lines appear to curve around the edge of the image.

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image magnification increases with the distance from the optical axis.

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your camera's sensitivity to light as it pertains to either film or a digital sensor

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an arbitrary rating of film speed;

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a device that allows the camera to convert photons – that is, light – into electrical signals that can be interpreted by the device.

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the visible silver crystals in a film negative's emulsion.

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Just like with sound, where noise refers to auditory disruptions, in photography, the term digital noise refers to visual distortion.

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a space through which light passes in an optical or photographic instrument, especially the variable opening by which light enters a camera.

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aperture measurements on your camera.

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The focal length of a lens is determined when the lens is focused at infinity. Lens focal length tells us the angle of view—how much of the scene will be captured—and the magnification—how large individual elements will be. The longer the focal length, the narrower the angle of view and the higher the magnification.

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depth of field is how much of your image is in focus.

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the effect of a soft out-of-focus background that you get when shooting a subject, using a fast lens, at the widest aperture, such as f/2.8 or wider.

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the speed at which the shutter of the camera closes.

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an exposure setting that is used when seeking to use a shutter speed of more than 30 seconds.

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the blur seen in moving objects in a photograph or a single frame of film or video.

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A tripod is a three-legged stand designed to support a camera./reduce the weight of handholding all your camera gear.

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Long exposure photography is the name given to the technique in which the camera's shutter is left open during a somewhat lengthy period of time.

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Time-lapse is a creative filming and video editing technique that manipulates how frame rate is captured.

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light painting is the photographic technique of using a moving light source—such as a flashlight, glow stick, light brush, or even a smartphone—to alter an image while taking a long exposure photograph.

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Panning in still photography refers to the technique of opening the camera shutter and then horizontally moving the camera before the shutter closes.

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Use Burst mode with Camera to capture a moving subject, or when you want to take multiple high-speed photos so that you have a range of photos to choose from.

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Spot metering allows the camera to measure the light reflected from the person's face and expose properly for that, instead of adjusting exposure for the much brighter light around the hairline

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Partial metering covers only the centre 6.2% of the frame in the viewfinder, thus providing precise metering only for the subject.

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Centre-weighted Average metering is like using Evaluative metering with a centre AF point. It places greater emphasis on the centre area while also taking meter reading across the entire frame.

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Evaluative metering is the default metering mode on most cameras. It ensures that the camera will automatically adjust to the right exposure setting even when the ambient lighting shows greater contrast.

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By definition 18% gray is the “mid-point between black and white on a logarithmic or exponential curve.” Think of it this way; it is simply halfway between black and white.

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Camera shake is a term used to define the act of accidentally shaking a camera during shooting due to unsteady hands, which results in blurry images. This generally occurs more often if you're shooting on a low shutter speed or with a heavy lens, and can be avoided by using a tripod and cable release setup.

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A shadow is the result of the relationship between the subject's location and the direction of the light source. With front light, the shadow falls behind the subject. When side lit, it appears on the opposite side that's lit.

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Midtones consist of the middle 50% of the tonal range. The shadow and dark areas make up 25% of the tonal range, as do the lights and highlights on the other end of the tonal range. Darks and shadows appear on the left of a histogram and a tone curve.

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Highlights are the lightest elements in an image, whereas shadows are the darkest areas. Dynamic range is the ratio between those vivid highlights and dark shadows, from bright white to pure black. That range is key to an image's depth and drama. If a photo has poor dynamic range, the image can appear flat or gray.

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A vignette is a darker border - sometimes as a blur or a shadow - at the periphery of photos. It can be an intentional effect to highlight certain aspects of the image or as a result of using the wrong settings, equipment or lens when taking a photo.

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Technically speaking, sepia toning is a chemical process that converts the metallic silver in the emulsion of a photographic print into a silver sulfide compound. This changes the color of the resulting image and makes the photo more resistant to environmental pollutants. This helps photos hold up over time.

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The word Crop can be defined as “to trim” or “cut back”. The Crop tool in most image processing programs is used to trim off the outside edges of a digital image. Cropping can be used to make an image smaller (in pixels) and/or to change the aspect ration (length to width) of the image.

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The aspect ratio is the proportional relationship between an image's width and height. Different cameras shoot in different aspect ratios, so whether you're using a digital camera, a 35mm film camera, or an iPhone, they can all vary.

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In digital photography, resolution is the level of detail contained in an image. More specifically, it refers to the number of pixels that exist within that image. The higher the resolution, and the richer the pixel count, the more detail and definition you will see.

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the technical standard that has been used to encode information for storage in a computer file. File formats can be designed for one specific type of data or for different types of data.

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A RAW file is the uncompressed and unprocessed image data captured by a digital camera or scanner's sensors. Shooting in RAW captures a high level of image detail, with large file sizes and lossless quality.

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PNG is short for Portable Network Graphic, a type of raster image file.

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a format for compressing image files.

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an image file format native to Adobe's popular Photoshop Application. It's an image editing friendly format that supports multiple image layers and various imaging options. PSD files are commonly used for containing high quality graphics data.

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HDR stands for high dynamic range. Put simply, it's the range of light and dark tones in your photos. The human eye has a very high dynamic range — which is why we can see details in both shadows and highlights.

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the repeated exposure of a photographic plate or film to light, often producing ghost images.

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he so-called 'blue hour' is the period of time just after the sunset, around dusk when the sky takes on inky, indigo hues and before it becomes impenetrably black.

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The last hour before sunset and the first hour after sunrise are coveted by professional photographers.

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a lens suitable for taking photographs unusually close to the subject.