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Post-Classical Period (600 CE - 1450 CE)

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Post-Classical Period (600 CE - 1450 CE)

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Reform and reorganization based on Chinese-based learning (for example: bureaucratic organization, Buddhism, writing system, legal theories)

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First permanent capital established at Nara. Japanese patterns of institutions and administration emerged.

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Classical Japanese culture flourished in Kyoto, new capital. Court aristocracy (women specifically) produced a large amount of literature (for example: the novel The Tale of Genji, diaries, poetry). Refined aesthetic sensibility became the society's hallmark.

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Samurai replaced nobles as Japanese rulers - beginning of military rule. Imperial court stayed in Kyoto but shoguns governing organization based in Kamakura.

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In Kyoto, new warrior government retained weak control, but from its base in Kyoto's Muromachi district became patron of newly flourishing artistic tradition, which was influenced by samurai, court society, and Zen Buddhist culture. Warring factions engaged in destructive, lengthy wars.

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The Early Modern Period (1450 CE - 1750 CE)

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The Early Modern Period (1450 CE - 1750 CE)

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A time of political stability, internal peace, and economic growth under the Tokugawa shogunate, a military dictatorship. Lead to the emergence of a culture that was urban and "middle-class" with inventions in literature, the arts, and economic organization.

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A period of Westernization that allowed Japan to emerge as a world power. Involved major changes in institutions, traditional social organization, and culture.