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The arrival of European explorers in the 16th century marks the beginning of the fur trade in Canada. Europeans traded goods like knives, kettles, and beads with Indigenous peoples for valuable furs, especially beaver pelts, used for hats in Europe.

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Establishment of the Hudson’s Bay Company in 1670 by England. This company was granted a land charter over Rupert’s Land, and it dominated the fur trade industry, creating trading posts across the country.

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The North West Company formed in 1783 by Montreal traders to compete with the Hudson’s Bay Company, leading to intense rivalries that characterized the Canadian fur trade era.

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The Pemmican Proclamation of 1814 by Miles Macdonell attempted to control the supply of pemmican, a high-energy food crucial to the fur trade, causing the Pemmican War between Hudson’s Bay Company and North West Company.

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In 1821, Hudson’s Bay Company and North West Company merged under intense pressure to end their rivalry. This merger strengthened the hold of Hudson’s Bay Company on the fur trade in Canada.

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By the late 19th century, over-hunting and changing fashion trends in Europe led to a decline in the demand for beaver pelts, marking the beginning of the end for the fur trade era in Canada.

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In 1957, the Hudson’s Bay Company sold its last fur trading post, closing a historical chapter on the Canadian fur trade.