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Химийн лабораторийн үр дүнг анализаа оруулна уу. 

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Химийн лабораторийн үр дүнг анализаа оруулна уу. 

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-volumetric flask

-burette

-conical flask

-small funnel

-volumetric pipet & pipet bulb

-distilled water

-indicator

- NaOH & HCl

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-Pipette 10cm^3 of HCl into the 250cm^3 volumetric flask

-Make the solution up to the mark using distilled water

-Shake the solution in the volumetric flask thoroughly

-Label the solution of HCl as FA3 on the volumetric flask

-Fill the burette with NaOH

-Pipette 25.0cm^3 of FA 3 into a conical flask

-Add several drops of methyl orange indicator

-Perform a rough titration and record the burette readings

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Dilution of Hydrochloric acid.

1. 10cm3 hydrochloric acid is put into 250cm3 volumetric flask using pipette.

2. Solution is diluted using distilled water.

3. The solution is shaked to be mixed thoroughly.

Titration

1. Burette is filled with Sodium hydroxide.

2. 25cm3 of dilute hydrochloric acid is put into conical flask.

3. Added 3 drops of methyl orange to the HCl in conical flask, the solution turns pink ish red(raddish pink).

4. The sodium hydroxide is added to hydrochloric acid, little by little until the solution turns yellow.

5. Record the reading on the burette.

6. Repeat the process 4 times.

7. Calculate the average to get more accurate answer.

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-Sodium hydroxide/NaOH (FA 1)

-Hydrochloric acid/HCl (FA 2)

-Methyl orange indicator

-Pipette

-Burette

-Volumetric flask

-Conical flask

-Burette stand

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Method

Dilution of FA 2

● Pipette 10.0cm³ of FA 2 into the 250cm³ volumetric flask.

● Make the solution up to the mark using distilled water.

● Shake the solution in the volumetric flask thoroughly.

● This solution of hydrochloric acid is FA 3. Label the volumetric flask FA 3.

Titration

● Fill the burette with FA 1.

● Pipette 25.0cm³ of FA 3 into a conical flask.

● Add several drops of methyl orange indicator.

● Perform a rough titration and record your burette readings in the space below.

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1. Instruments

Burette 50cm3

Conical flask

Volumetric flask 250cm3

Pipette 10cm3

Pipette bulb

Funnel

Dropper

Wash bottle & beaker

1. Solutions

Methyl orange indicator

Distilled water

NaOH (FA 1)

HCl (FA 2)

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1. Methods(FA 2 + distilled water= FA 3/Dilution)

Pipette FA 2(HCl) of 10cm3 into the volumetric flask

Add distilled water to the mark

Shake thoroughly

Label it FA 3

2. Titration

Fill the burette with FA 1(NaOH)

Pipette 25cm3 of FA 3(diluted HCl) into a conical flask

Add several(5-6) drops of methyl orange indicator using a dropper

Perform a rough titration and record the readings in the table.

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Apparatus:

Volumetric flask.

Pipette 25 and 10 cm3.

Conical flask.

Burette.

Burette stand.

Funnel.

Beakers.

Substances:

Hydrochloric acid

Distilled water

Sodium hydroxide

Methyl orange

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Findings

The pH of the FA 3(diluted HCl) is acidic as seen from the bright red/pink color when the methyl orange indicator was added. Adding a strong alkali(NaOH) increased its pH, neutralizing the solution as the color turned to yellow. In conclusion, the neutralization reaction of an acid and a base results in a solution with a neutral pH.

Weaknesses

Not so precise with the exact color change of the solution

Highly fluctuating results of the titer

No safety gloves

Strengths

Read & understood the lab paper thoroughly

Precise measurements of the volume of the solutions

Consistently cleansing the equipments between each titration

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Result.

The hydrochloric acid turns methyl orange into raddish pink colour. When titrated with sodium hydroxide, which is a base, the colour turns yellow which shows that the solution has been neutralised.

The amount of sodium hydroxide added might be less or more based on how many drops of methyl orange added, it required 30.4 cm3 of NaOH for 5 drops and less than 30 for 3 drops.

If we used the pipette more skillfully, the measurements could've been far more accurate. The measuring apparatuses were in 0.1, I think. The results would be more accurate if measured in 0.01 or less.

The students came into direct contact with the substances, some even let it near their face, nasal area and eyes. Which were risky.

Other than that the experiment was easy, simple and the paper was easy to understand. The apparatuses were easy to use without too many complications.

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Apparatus:

pipette

burette

volumetric flask

conical flask

funnel

dropper

waste beaker

Substances:

NaOH (sodium hydroxide, FA1)

HCl (hydrochloric acid, FA2)

distilled water

Indicators:

methyl orange

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1. Pipette 10cm3 of hydrochloric acid into the 250cm3 volumetric flask

2. Fill the flask up to the mark with distilled water, then shake thoroughly

3. Label as FA3 (hydrochloric acid+water solution)

4. Fill burette with sodium hydroxide (FA1)

5. Pipette 25cm3 of FA3 into a conical flask

6. Add several drops (we added 7 each time) of methyl orange indicator into the conical flask with FA3

7. Add sodium hydroxide (FA1) onto the conical flask filled with FA3, using the burette.

8. Stir whilst adding the sodium hydroxide (FA1), until solution begins to change color (yellow)

9. Stop immediately, record reading shown on burette.

10. Repeat.

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Apparatus:

burette

volumetric flask

funnel

dropper

pipette

conical flask

Substances:

NaOH

HCl

distilled water

methyl orange indicator

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According to this color indicator graph for methyl orange, the reddish pink color of the FA3 showed that it is acidic, when methyl orange was added to it. However, once sodium hydroxide was added, the color began to change to yellow, which means the pH level began to increase, and shift to the right. In conclusion, a neutralisation reaction took place, producing a neutral solution that turned yellow with the indicator.

Some weaknesses we may have had is the overall carelessness in handling the substances, apparatus, indicator, etc. We did not use gloves or any safety equipment, which means our results may be inaccurate due to contamination. We also used bare human estimation to stop our titration, and the visibility wasn't very good so our results were most likely not very accurate. During measurement, we also did not pay close attention to the results shown on the burettes and pipettes. We simply wrote what we see at first sight, without double checking. This may have brought more room for error.

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Procedure for Dilution and Titration

Dilution of Hydrochloric Acid (FA 2):

1. Use a pipette to transfer 10.0 cm³ of hydrochloric acid (FA 2) into a 250 cm³ volumetric flask.

2. Add distilled water to the flask until it reaches the mark.

3. Thoroughly shake the solution in the volumetric flask.

4. Label the volumetric flask as FA 3, denoting the diluted hydrochloric acid.

Titration Process:

1. Fill the burette with sodium hydroxide solution (FA 1).

2. Pipette 25.0 cm³ of the diluted hydrochloric acid (FA 3) into a conical flask.

3. Introduce 5-6 drops of methyl orange indicator into the conical flask.

4. Conduct a rough titration, carefully recording the initial and final readings on the burette. Observe the color change in the solution.

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Volumetric flask

Burette

Burette stand

Pipette

Pipette bulb

Conical flask

Funnel

Methyl orange

HCl

NAOH

Distilled water

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1. Preparing FA3

Pipette 10cm^3 of HCl into volumetric flask

Fill the flask with distilled water up to the mark

Shake thoroughly

Label this solution FA3

2. Titrating

Fill the burette with NAOH

Put 25cm^3 of FA3 into a conical flask

Add a few drops of methyl orange into the flask

Perform titration until the colour of the solution change

Record the readings

Repeat this for 4 times

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Volumetric flask

Conical flask

Burette

Pipette

Tunnel

Beaker

NaOH

HCL

Distilled Water

Methyl orange

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Method : Dilution of FA 2

Pipette 10.0 cm° of FA 2 into the 250 cm° volumetric flask.

Make the solution up to the mark using distilled water.

Shake the solution in the volumetric flask thoroughly.

This solution of hydrochloric acid is FA 3. Label the volumetric flask FA 3.

Titration :

Fill the burette with FA 1.

Pipette 25.0 cm of FA 3 into a conical flask.

Add several drops / added 4/ of methyl orange indicator

Perform a rough titration until it reaches the yellow color record the burette reading and repeat the process 4 times.

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NaOH and HCl neutralise each other resulting yellow which is pH 7 on methyl orange indicator. For my titration the difference was small under 1.0cm3 so I consider it successfully titrated. To result more specific answers I would like to do more titration but it might be time consuming so learn how to use apparatus more skillfully is effective.

When you do rough titre try to keep your speed as if it is too fast or slow result can be different.

From my calculations the rough titre is 21.45cm3.

The moles of NaOH 0.537mol

NaOH(aq)+HCl(aq) = NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)

Moles of HCl is 0.537mol

Concentration of HCl in FA2 is 2.15 mol dm-3

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Apparatus:

burette

volumetric flask

funnel

dropper

pipette

conical flask

substances:

NAOH

HCL

distilled water

methyl orange

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1.Pipette 10cm3 of HCL int the volumetric flask

2. Add distilled water to the solution.

3. Mix the solution in volumetric flask.

Titration

1. Fill the burette with FA1(NAOH)

2. Pipette 25cm3 of FA3 into the conical flask

3. Add several drops of methyl orange

4. Perform rough titration and record the burette readings

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Apparatus:

Waste beaker

Burette

Volumetric flask

Funnel

Pipette

Conical flask

Dropper

Substances:

NaOH /FA1/

HCl /FA2/

Distilled water

Indicators:

Methyl orange indicator

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Dilution of FA 2

Pipette 10.0 cm^3 of FA 2 into the 250 cm^3 volumetric flask.)

Make the solution up to the mark using distilled water.

Shake the solution in the volumetric flask thoroughly.

This solution of hydrochloric acid is FA 3. Label the volumetric flask FA 3.

Titration

Fill the burette with FA 1.

Pipette 25.0 cm ^3 of FA 3 into a conical flask.

﻿﻿Add several drops of methyl orange indicator.

﻿﻿Perform a rough titration and record your burette readings in the space below.

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Conclusion:

FA3 solution is an acidic which can be seen by its bright red color when several drops of methyl orange indicator is added to it, when FA3 is titrating with NaOH it will spontaneously turn yellowish which is caused by the neutralisation reaction (increase in pH of substance)

Strength:

Got an knowledge about laboratory paper thoroughly

Weakness:

Results with fluctuation

Hard to get the exact point of turning red into yellow

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-Volumetric flask

-Burette

-Pipette

-Conical flask

-Funnel

-Methyl orange

-Sodium hydroxide

-Beaker

-Distilled water

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Dilution of Hydrochloric acid.

1. Put 10cm3 of hydrochloric acid into 250cm3 volumetric flask using a pipette.

2. The solution is diluted until the mark using distilled water.

3. The solution is shaked to be mixed thoroughly.

4. Burette is filled with Sodium hydroxide (FA1).

5. 25cm3 of dilute hydrochloric acid (FA3) is put into conical flask.

6. Added 5 drops of methyl orange to the FA3 in the conical flask.

7. The sodium hydroxide (FA1) is added to hydrochloric acid, little by little using burette until the solution turns yellow.

8. Record the reading on the burette immediatlely.

9. Repeat the process 4 times.

10. Calculate the average to get more accurate answer.

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https://docs.google.com/document/d/1i3s-RKxohBp80ZD44kjzeBsUttSD7Rph9y7wz8N50MA/edit?usp=drivesdk

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Conclusion: Methyl orange shows red/pink color in an acidic condition and yellow color in an alkali condition. When several drops of methyl orange were added to the FA3 solution, the solution changed to a pink color, which means that FA3's pH is high. When sodium hydroxide (FA2) was titrated to FA3, the solution started to turn yellow, which means that the solution was being neutralized. At the nth point, the solution turned yellow, meaning that the resulting solution is an alkali, and the reaction was done.

Strengths: We were provided with a chance to get hand-on experience of experiment, which could further benefit us in the real practical exam. Also, I understood how to manage time during experiments and how to make a results table.

Weaknesses: Since it was our first time, there were many mistakes made by us, such as wrongly choosing equipments, unable to make tables etc. And working with a team partner eased up the experiment, which is a chance we will be unable to get in the real exam

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When we added several drops of methyl orange indicator into FA3, it showed reddish color, meaning it is acidic. After adding NaOH, the color changed to yellow. This color change can show that the solution has been neutralized.

Weaknesses: Took time on identifying the materials.

Strengths: Once we got the hang of the instructions, it was not that difficult to proceed.

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Apparatus

volumetric flask

burette

pipette

conical flask

funnel

beaker

Substances

methyl orange

HCL

distilled water

NaOH

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FA3 (dilution of hydrochloric acid).

1. Add hydrochloric acid into volumetric flask using pipette.

2. Add distilled water til it reaches the mark.

3. shake the solution thoroughly to mix.

Titration.

1. Fill the burette with Sodium hydroxide.

2. add FA3 into conical flask.

3. add few drops of methyl orange to FA3 in conical flask.

4. Sodium hydroxide is added carefully until it changes color.

5. record the reading on the burette.

6. repeat the process few more times.

7. calculate the average of the recorded answers.