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Too many words for eggs-confusing

Still understood what an egg was but one word would make it easier

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eggys, egges or eyren

wanted a standard English so people are all taking about the same thing. This meant that when he was trading all his buyers would know what he is selling.

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Having a standard form aids trade as the exchange of goods and services for capital is more clear and understood. Thus, a standard form aids in economic upturn.

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Resisting from Standard English in order to preserve one's own heritage, roots, and dialect.

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Preservation of a prestige English, with standard forms - John Honey, says this Standard English should not change.

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crumbling castle

infectious diseases

damp spoon

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The idea that English was once perfect and non-standard English is damaging.

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David Crystal: language change is a natural process, accommodates new technology and social change

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The idea that non-standard English is uncomfortable to use.

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Giles ('73) - Communication Accomodation

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Giles ('73) - Communication Accomodation

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If language is standardised, then it will become more difficult to communicate with those who have accents or dialects. Thus, it may actually hurt trade in certain areas, or create greater distance between audience and speaker, as was seen in George Osborne's 'mockney' speech.

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William Caxton

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sea of dead metaphors

language has to die to evolve therefore change should be inevitable

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making world trade easier due to the lingua franca. he was a mercier

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Haughen(1966) Omar (1992) - Norm selection from the most powerful and affluent areas.

However, some deviate from this due to its association with possession, power, and control, and this is called Linguistic Rebellion or Resistance Identity, coined by John Pitts.

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fishermen strengthened their accents when tourists visited. this was to show a sense of camaraderie between the fishermen and their sense of identity with Martha's vineyard.

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80% of teenagers intentionally diverge from the standard form in order to create distance between them and there teachers/parents. Hence, selecting a standard form is pointless for this age group as being rebellious is part of their identity (linking to Pitts' theory of resistance identity).

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people will always be exposed to the media which contains different accents and dialects, therefore it would be difficult to preserve a 'Standard English'.

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caxton believed that we should all speak differently - no lingua franca

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Sea of dead metaphors

language must die to evolve

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applied rules to the language which made it easier for people to follow

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Aitchison: crumbling castle - language should be preserved intact.

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after it was produced, this allowed a standard form to reach masses of people

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Caxton chose to create a standard form in order to create a lingua franca, which was, retrospectively, successful as it remains as so today. 2 billion people speak English, reflecting its widespread usage and association with affluence and influence.