# data[].attributes.body
pt 2. there are volunteer groups like free food for all that provides food for the less fortunate that are unable to purchase or afford food for themselves

# data[].attributes.body
What can be done to reduce the income inequality in singapore ?

The government can give support by funding the less fortunate, one example is the distribution of the CDC vouchers to singaporeans, these cdc vouchers can be used by the less fortunate to buy groceries and supplies in the house. This provides people with jobs that pay less to still be able to afford t basic living needs.There are also groups of volunteers like In turn, there will be less low income families struggling with keeping up with the cost of living as financial aid is provided.

# data[].attributes.body
in your opinion, what can be done to reduce income inequality?

We think that more financial assistance can be done to reduce income inequality because with financial assistance, it can help children with single parent, and children whom parents do not fit in the average income. The girl went through the grief of her dads death.

# data[].attributes.body
case study 3 dot

exp how community grps helps promote social mobility?

Community groups help to give support for those of lower-income. By giving those of lower-income the resources and opportunities to have access to basic necessity like healthcare, financial aid for education, jobs and upgrading those of lower-income skills. For example, Daughters of tomorrow (DOT), aims to give opportunitites for low-income women to help take care of their own families. they conduct workshops and programmes to help women aged 20-60 upgrade their skills and find jobs. DOT also organised a literacy programme to learn good management skills and help them in women's financial goals

# data[].attributes.body
case study 4- Keeping Hope Alive

Explain how community groups help to promote social mobility?

Community groups help to promote social mobility by providing their time and effort to care for the people in need. It helps the residents in need to have better living conditions and be able to improve their quality of life. For example, every Sunday, about 50-60 from Keeping Hope Alive(KHA) conducts door to door visits to 1 and 2 room flats to look out for residents in need and taking action to meet their needs. These actions include cleaning their homes, fixing and replacing their home appliances, giving them haircuts. This allows the less privilege to be able to meet their basic needs.

# data[].attributes.headline
Do you think the governments or individuals should have the greater responsibility for healthcare costs? Explain your answer.

# data[].attributes.subject
Do you think the governments or individuals should have the greater responsibility for healthcare costs? Explain your answer.

# data[].attributes.headline
Shared responsibility approach in Singapore

# data[].attributes.subject
Shared responsibility approach in Singapore

# data[].attributes.body
1. Each pair is to read and work on one factor/example/case study.

2. You are to construct a paragraph to answer the SRQ question using the format learnt.

# data[].attributes.body
In your opinion, what can the government do to address the needs of those in the lower-income groups in Singapore? Explain your answer using 1 way.

# data[].attributes.body
Explain how government financed approach meet the healthcare needs of the people.

# data[].attributes.body
In your opinion, what can be done to reduce income inequality in Singapore?

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Singaporean of the Year 2018 finalist: Nizar Mohd Shariff | ST Singaporean of the Year 2018: Mr Nizar Mohd Shariff is the founder of Free Food For All, a charity that provides free halal meals for the less... | By The Straits Times | Facebook

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
ST Singaporean of the Year 2018: Mr Nizar Mohd Shariff is the founder of Free Food For All, a charity that provides free halal meals for the less...

# data[].attributes.headline
b. Social and community assistance to provide support for lower-income singaporeans

# data[].attributes.subject
b. Social and community assistance to provide support for lower-income singaporeans

# data[].attributes.body
In your opinion, what can the government do to address the needs of those in the lower-income groups in Singapore? Explain your answer using 1 way.

# data[].attributes.body
Explain how government financed approach meet the housing needs of the people.

# data[].attributes.body
In your opinion, what can be done to reduce income inequality in Singapore?

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
The Straits Times (24 July 2019)

The poverty she experienced growing up filled Fiona Ke, 32, with compassion for the less fortunate, as did an unexpected heart operation at the age of 22. This is her story in her own words.

"My dad abandoned us when I was around five or six years old and my mum struggled to raise the three of us. I was the youngest.

She also had to support our grandfather, my dad's elderly father, who lived with us. So my mum rented out two rooms in our four-room flat while we squeezed into the master bedroom, and my grandfather slept in the kitchen.

I remember my dad, who was a businessman, fighting with my mum over money. When they quarrelled, he would hit her and, the next day, she would have bruises.

I felt threatened all the time. Having to witness domestic violence as a kid was frightening. I felt that I hated my dad. Why did he bring so much misery to us? Why did he not give us a single cent? Why was he violent? We struggled, financially.

Every few months, there would not be enough money to pay the electricity bills and the power supply would suddenly be cut off. We would have to light candles at night and I would study by the window next to the common corridor to catch the light.

To get the electricity back, my mum would borrow money to pay the bills.

I had a constant feeling of insecurity because our family situation was so unstable. And the tenants were always changing.

My mum babysat in the day before working as a cleaner at night.

Sometimes, I had to help her babysit when she had to rush off to work and the baby's parents had not come for their child yet.

Fortunately, we had some help. Touch Community Services tutored me for free and we had financial aid from other groups.

Since when I was in primary school, I've wanted to give my mum a comfortable life so I studied hard.

I would also hurry home after school to help her with babysitting or housework.

My brother, who is an engineer, encouraged me to study nursing.

He said it's a stable job and I can help others. But my mother was against it. She said nursing was a dirty job as I have to clean other people's backsides.

Still, I decided to become a nurse as I liked the thought of helping other people and I knew I wouldn't be short of a job. Tan Tock Seng Hospital sponsored my diploma in nursing from Ngee Ann Polytechnic.

I am now a senior staff nurse at the hospital.

In my second year of working as a nurse, I started to experience chest discomfort and it felt like my heart was pumping very hard. The doctors found a hole in my heart.

The medicine I was prescribed didn't seem to help so I did something I would never recommend that patients do - I stopped taking it. As a result, I got worse. The hole in my heart grew to between 2.3cm and 3cm.

The doctor advised me to have surgery, but I wasn't keen as I was afraid of dying on the table. There were still so many things I wanted to do, like getting married and travelling the world.

But the doctor said if I did not have the surgery, my condition would worsen and I might have heart failure by the age of 40. So I felt I had no choice but to do it. I was 22.

It was a good decision. Not only did it cure me, but it allowed me to experience, as a patient, what a difference we nurses can make with our care.

I also gained more empathy for patients. After my recovery, I tried to be more patient and to understand them, especially when they behaved unreasonably.

(Ms Alynn Lim, a senior nurse manager, described Ms Ke as a dedicated and selfless nurse who works well in a multi-disciplinary team and is happy to offer help in any situation. Ms Ke was also one of 10 people who received an Honourable Mention at the Healthcare Humanity Awards, given out in April to salute healthcare professionals who go beyond the call of duty to help others. The Honourable Mention is the awards' highest accolade.)

Growing up, I was angry with my dad, but now I no longer am. Nursing changed the way I see life.

You see many people in worse situations and you realise your problem is nothing compared with theirs.

A patient who is here today may be dead tomorrow. So why make myself unhappy over a person? I have seen a lot of death as a nurse, and the fragility of life.

My dad died about nine years ago. We heard about it from a distant relative, and I felt sad.

After he abandoned us, I still saw him once in a while and I last met him while I was at the polytechnic.

What helps me cope with difficulties in life is to keep telling myself that this will pass - that no matter how difficult it is now, the bad times will pass.

The greatest thing we can do is to help one another.

I wouldn't say I'm a dedicated volunteer but I help whenever I can. For example, I sometimes use my days off work to help out at a mobile clinic for the elderly.

I also volunteer with Happy People Helping People, which gives elderly cardboard collectors free food. Recently, I saw an elderly person fall as she was rushing to get her free meal.

So I raised funds to buy first-aid kits for the cardboard collectors. I also hope to start a mobile clinic for these impoverished seniors.

When I was young, I benefited from the help given to us by various charities. Now that I'm able to do so, I want to give back.

I met my husband, a 29-year-old audiologist, through work. We are in the same department. I was drawn to his caring nature and he treats me very well. Our values are also aligned - we are both giving people and we treasure time with our families.

He suffered hearing loss after a throat infection as a child. He wears a hearing aid.

When I was younger, going to Mc- Donald's for a meal was a luxury. I felt envious when my friends went travelling with their parents. But over time, I realised material things are not that important. You can have a lot of money but still not be truly happy or have a life purpose.

Now, my purpose is to infect others with a spirit of doing something to help others. I may not be able to do a lot but, as long I can help a little, I'm happy."

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Nurse puts her heart into helping those in need

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
The Straits Times (24 July 2019) The poverty she experienced growing up filled Fiona Ke, 32, with compassion for the less fortunate, as did an unexpected heart operation at the age of 22. This is her story in her own words.

# data[].attributes.headline
c. Vouchers to provide more support to lower- to middle income Singaporean households

# data[].attributes.subject
c. Vouchers to provide more support to lower- to middle income Singaporean households

# data[].attributes.body
In your opinion, what can the government do to address the needs of those in the lower-income groups in Singapore? Explain your answer using 1 way.

# data[].attributes.body
Explain how government financed approach meet the education needs of the people.

# data[].attributes.headline
d. Opportunities for upskilling and training

# data[].attributes.subject
d. Opportunities for upskilling and training

# data[].attributes.body
In your opinion, what can the government do to address the needs of those in the lower-income groups in Singapore? Explain your answer using 1 way.

# data[].attributes.headline
Case study 3: Daughters of Tomorrow (DOT)

# data[].attributes.subject
Case study 3: Daughters of Tomorrow (DOT)

# data[].attributes.body
Explain how community groups help to promote social mobility.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.keywords[]
charity "underprivileged women" volunteer non-profit ngo enable empower poverty

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Daughters Of Tomorrow (DOT) is a Singapore-based organization that facilitates livelihood opportunities for underprivileged women and support them in achieving financial independence and social mobility for their families. We are a registered charity under the Charities Act of Singapore. Find out more at: http://daughtersoftomorrow.org/

# data[].attributes.body
Explain one challenge adopted by Sweden in managing socio-economic diversity.

# data[].attributes.body
Explain how community groups help to promote social mobility.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Keeping Hope Alive works with the less privileged Singaporeans focusing on providing better quality of life and most importantly, to keep hope alive for them.

This voluntary platform conducts frequent door-to-door knocks on 1 and 2-room HDB flats to lookout, listen and take action for people who are in need, most times, in dire strait eg. unable to pay for over-due electricity / medical bills, providing daily needs and groceries, milk powder or bus fare for school children, refurbishing bug-infested homes and also visits to the sickly elderly living on their own without help or care.

让希望活下去（Keeping Hope Alive）欢迎您！它原本是由个人创办的私人倡议，但如今已成长为一个大团体。大家本着尊重生命的热爱为目标，主要为新加坡的弱势群提供各种援助，帮助改善他们的生活质量，最重要的是，让他们感受到人间有爱，从而让他们的希望活下去！

这支义工小组经常到1或2房式政府组屋区进行沿家挨户敲门，寻找真正需要帮忙的家庭，倾听他们的心声再给予援助，例如呼吁善心人士慷慨解囊解决无法缴付拖欠已久的水电/医药费账单，提供日常所需及杂货、婴儿奶粉或学童交通费，打扫卫生，甚至翻新整间臭虫出没的问题住屋及探访无依靠的患病老人剪指甲。如果您也与我们共享助人为快乐之本的心态，愿意腾出时间，精力，也想成为这项意义非凡的公益活动的一份子，请加入我们吧！

Selamat datang ke Menyimpan Harapan Hidup.Inisiatif ini ditubuhkan oleh individu yang akhirnya telah berkembang kepada masyarakat-masyarakat berkongsi matlamat yang sama kerana prihatin kepada yang kurang upaya.Kita menghulur bantuan kepada rakyat Singapura yang kurang bernasib baik, memberi tumpuan,menyediakan kualiti hidup yang lebih baik dan yang paling penting, untuk menjaga harapan hidup untuk mereka.

kumpulan sukarelawan ini kerap mengendalikan mengetuk pintu-ke-pintu di kawasan perumahan sewa 1 dan 2-bilik HDB untuk mencari, mendengar dan mengambil tindakan bagi orang-orang yang memerlukan seperti tidak mampu membayar bil-bil perubatan/eletrik,menyediakan keperluan harian dan barangan dapur,susu tepung atau tambang bas untuk kanak-kanak bersekolah, mengubahsuai rumah dipenuhi pijat dan juga lawatan ke rumah warga emas yang uzur dan tingal sendirian tanpa bantuan atau penjagaan yang rapi.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Keeping Hope Alive works with the less privileged Singaporeans focusing on providing better quality of life. Together, we keep hope alive.

# data[].attributes.body
Explain one challenge adopted by Singapore in managing socio-economic diversity.

# data[].attributes.body
Explain one challenge adopted by Sweden in managing socio-economic diversity.

# data[].attributes.body
Explain one challenge adopted by Singapore in managing socio-economic diversity.

# data[].attributes.headline
c. High immigrant unemployment rate (Case study 10)

# data[].attributes.subject
c. High immigrant unemployment rate (Case study 10)

# data[].attributes.body
Explain one challenge adopted by Sweden in managing socio-economic diversity.

# data[].attributes.headline
c. Limitations in upskilling and training

# data[].attributes.subject
c. Limitations in upskilling and training

# data[].attributes.body
Explain one challenge adopted by Singapore in managing socio-economic diversity.

# data[].attributes.headline
Do you think an ageing population is a more significant challenge than limitations in upskilling and training in Singapore's shared responsibility approach?

# data[].attributes.subject
Do you think an ageing population is a more significant challenge than limitations in upskilling and training in Singapore's shared responsibility approach?

# data[].attributes.headline
Case Study 5: Sweden's Healthcare -Joie and Vivienne

# data[].attributes.subject
Case Study 5: Sweden's Healthcare -Joie and Vivienne

# data[].attributes.body
a. Healthcare (Case study 5)

The government financed approach subsidises or provides healthcare for free tot meet the needs of people. Healthcare services such as hospital care, medicine, dental care, disability support and rehabilitation services are publicly funded and all families are covered by a medical protection scheme. Children in the household can claim up to 2,466 Swedish Kronor (about $330) a year from the government.

Since 2019, dental care costs are free for local residents up to the age of 23 and dental care from th age of 24 is subsidised. This provides relief of spending alot of money on healthcare for low-income families and more families would be willing to get healthcare help.

# data[].attributes.headline
Case Study 8: Sweden's challenge - High Taxation [Josie, Keira] 

# data[].attributes.subject
Case Study 8: Sweden's challenge - High Taxation [Josie, Keira] 

# data[].attributes.body
Case study 8: high taxation

explain one challenge adopted by Sweden in managing socio-economic diversity

One challenge Sweden faces is high taxation rates. Sweden has many social benefits that are provided by the government such as lengthy parental leave, unemployment allowances, healthcare and free education however they are all made possible due to its high taxation rates. In 2019 high income earners were paying income taxes of 57.2% which is one of the highest in the world. Apart from direct taxation, there are other forms of income tax such as the Value-Added Tax (VAT) which was about 25% in 2019. With such high tax rates, people who earn less and have a lower income would struggle more as tax would take up more than half of their paycheck which can affect their livelihoods as they may struggle to make ends meet for themselves and their families.

# data[].attributes.headline
Case study 9 - Sweden's challenge - Ageing Population [Jeanette, Karilyn]

# data[].attributes.subject
Case study 9 - Sweden's challenge - Ageing Population [Jeanette, Karilyn]

# data[].attributes.body
Sweden has an ageing population and high life expectancy, this will cause government spending to increase over time, especially in areas of health and long-term care.

The outcome would be more people retiring, which leads to smaller working population to bear the increased costs. There will be a need to increase employment rates, lengthen employment years or raise taxes on working population.

# data[].attributes.headline
Singapore - Cien & Cassandra b. Social and community assistance to provide support for lower-income singaporeans

# data[].attributes.subject
Singapore - Cien & Cassandra b. Social and community assistance to provide support for lower-income singaporeans

# data[].attributes.body
In your opinions, what can the government do to address the needs of those in the lower-income groups in Singapore. Explain your answer in 1 way.

the government can organise more initiatives to allow immigrant to integrate better

# data[].attributes.headline
Singapore challenges - Ageing Population [faith and ruth]

# data[].attributes.subject
Singapore challenges - Ageing Population [faith and ruth]

# data[].attributes.body
Explain one challenge adopted by Singapore in managing socio- economic diversity.

Poverty and economic inequality

# data[].attributes.body
Increase in taxation

explain one challenge adopted by Singapore in managing socio-economic diversity

If taxes keep increasing, this may deter foreigners and tourists from residing in or coming to Singapore. People who earn money mostly from tourism will be affected and may have lesser income so Singapore’s economy may be affected too.

# data[].attributes.body
Explain how government financed approach meet the housing needs of the people

Answer: The government gives families that are lower-income individuals or families who need help to pay for housing or housing fees for their own home. The government also provide elderlies with low or no income housing supplement which helps acts as a form of financial support. Families that live with children and pay around $190 for their housing are given a housing allowance to help them financially.

# data[].attributes.body
In your opinion, what can the government do to address the needs of those in the lower-income groups in Singapore? explain your answer using 1 way.

The governments provide lower income families by providing vochers such as CDC vouchers to lower cost of their living

# data[].attributes.headline
case study 10: high immigrant unemployment rate [izabella, rhea]

# data[].attributes.subject
case study 10: high immigrant unemployment rate [izabella, rhea]

# data[].attributes.body
question: explain one challenge adopted by sweden in managing socio- economic diversity.

Sweden has a large immigrant population and they face challenges as theres a mismatch between skills and jobs and a difficulty in assessing skills. The processing time for foreign qualifications is long. this would then result in highly educated immigrants with foreign qualifications, facing challanges in finding suitable jobs. not only that immigrants would not be able to recieve educational opportunities in their home countries, leaving them unable to take up unfilled jobs in sweden. resulting to high unemploment for low- skilled workers and immigrants.

# data[].attributes.headline
d. opportunities for upskilling and training (ivirina and chariss)

# data[].attributes.subject
d. opportunities for upskilling and training (ivirina and chariss)

# data[].attributes.body
In your opinion, what can the government do to address the needs of those in the lower-income groups in singapore? Explain your answer using 1 way.

The government can provide subsidies for school and healthcare to those in need. For example the healthcare financing system which emphasises individual responsibility and affordable healthcare for all. Another examples takes the form of preschool subsidies to ensure that all children have access to quality education for a good start in life regardless of their family background.

# data[].attributes.body
Header : Subsidies for essential services

Question: In your opinion, what can the government do to address the needs of those in the lower-income groups in Singapore? Explain your answer using 1 way.

Answer : 1 Para (Point, Exp, E.g., Outcome)

Subsidies for essential services is provided by the state. The government adopts multiple tiers of protection to ensure accessible and affordable healthcare for ALL Singaporeans. Singapore's healthcare financing system emphasises individual responsibility and affordable healthcare for all. While Singaporeans save for their own or dependents' healthcare needs through the CPF Medisave Account, the government provides subsidies to reduce medical costs for Singaporeans. Thus NO Singaporean is denied access to basic healthcare. (e.g. Medisave, MediShield Life, Medifund, )

# data[].attributes.headline
Case Study 7 - Sweden's Education [Jancis and Sonia]

# data[].attributes.subject
Case Study 7 - Sweden's Education [Jancis and Sonia]

# data[].attributes.body
Question: Explain how the government financed approach meets the educational needs of the people.

Answer: Education is funded by the government and provided to all Swedes. Education is compulsory from ages 6 to 16. Sweden provide a free school lunch to every child and all students have access to a school doctor ,nurse and psychologist and school welfare officer at no cost. Tuition fees for tertiary education are fully subsided for Swedish students. Due to all the components being fully subsided, this ensures that all Swedes no matter the socio-economic or social background are able to be fully supported and able to have an education. This bring relief to the Swedes as they do not have to worry about tuition fees.

# data[].attributes.body
individual. if the gov responsible they will increase the gst :(

# data[].attributes.body
individual as they would have more control on what they send and it would also let the lower income families to still have enough money to afford other things other than taxes

# data[].attributes.body
I think that the government and individuals should have equal responsibility for healthcare costs, because since us individuals are making use of the healthcare, we should also contribute but the government should be the one overlooking it

# data[].attributes.body
i think the governments should have a greater responsibility for healthcare costs as individuals may only consider themselves. The government could have a more unbiased view.

# data[].attributes.body
individuals should. healthcare is a necessity, government making it something hard to access will affect the well being of lower income families

# data[].attributes.body
government, because health is a basic necessity and people should not be worrying too much about cost just to save and heal themselves

# data[].attributes.body
The government have the greater responsibility for healthcare costs as they are able to implement policies to provide social services to their citizens. For example, providing healthcare subsidies.

# data[].attributes.body
goverment?? they have the resources to implement policies to lower it.

# data[].attributes.body
I think that both government and individuals shld take responsibility for the healthcare cost. This is because we shldnt solely rely on the government to aid our healthcare cost

# data[].attributes.body
we think that the gov has more money, control and responsibility to care for the residents/people living there as they have the role to do it

# data[].attributes.body
Individuals have greater responsibility for healthcare costs as it is their health and hence they should be responsible for it. If the government took more responsibility, tax may rise and hence individuals would need to pay more. However if there are any individuals who are struggling to afford healthcare, the government should step in and assist them to ensure that their citizens can remain healthy.

# data[].attributes.body
I think it should be a shared responsibility as it is not fair for individuals to have to bear the full costs of their healthcare in government hospitals. However, the government should also not be fully responsible as individuals should be partially responsible for their own health and contribute to their country through taxes.

# data[].attributes.body
individual. we do not have to pay for more taxes and are responsible for our own health

# data[].attributes.body
We think individuals should take responsibility to take care of themselves. However, the government has a higher responsibility as they have to over look the whole country. For example, if a family is poor the amount of tax given even if there is not any will not help them.