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Microcredit is about providing small loans (micro loans) to people facing unemployment and poverty. Born with Grameen Bank in Bangladesh in 1983, microcredit has successfully supported poor people in starting self-employment projects, helping them generate income. Today, microcredit is widely adopted in developing countries. In Europe, micro-credits are extended to small businesses and individuals who aspire to self-employment.

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Muhammad Yunus, a professor of economics in Bangladesh, founded Grameen Bank with the goal of providing credit to the poor in Bangladesh. Since then, Grameen Bank has provided over $8 billion in loans. Yunus and Grameen Bank received the Nobel Peace Prize in 2006. This bank inspired the Grameen Foundation in Washington, D.C., which works to share the Grameen philosophy. Grameen Bank now has over 2,500 branches worldwide.

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In the past, banks often neglected the social and environmental impact of their financial transactions. But now there are ethical banks that prioritize the social and environmental consequences of their investments and loans. Ethical banks typically have an ethical policy to evaluate potential investors. If an investor’s activity conflicts with the ethical policy of the bank, the investment is rejected.

Example:Triodos, a bank based in the Netherlands, lends money exclusively to businesses and charities. Triodos supports a wide range of organizations, including fair trade initiatives, the creation of renewable energy... .

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Banca etica, a bank that takes its name seriously

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Banca etica, a bank that takes its name seriously

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Banca Etica, an ethical bank in Italy, whose ethical principles go against speculative finance and tax havens. Avoid involvement in areas such as pornography, oil and weapons. Banca Etica focuses on lending to the non-profit sector and green businesses, also supporting cooperatives of young farmers confiscated from the mafia. Despite its small size with 17 branches and about 230 employees.

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Over the past 15 years, the Fairtrade brand has spread to British supermarkets, with over 4,500 products. The Fairtrade Foundation aims to ensure that people maintain a dignified life and reach their full potential by supporting justice and sustainable development in trade. Looking to the future, Fairtrade seeks to expand its model, encouraging more Fairtrade purchases across major product categories and reaching new manufacturers.

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Fairtrade Labelling Organizations International (FLO) is a global network of 24 organizations dedicated to assisting manufacturers in developing countries. Their aim is to establish fairer trading conditions by linking consumers and producers through the Fairtrade brand. This label is awarded to products that meet specific standards (fair and sustainable working practices). Producers receive a minimum amount, covering the average costs of production.