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Were the clearance of old districts and large-scale urban renewal in 1930s welcomed by both the public authorities and the tourists?

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Were the clearance of old districts and large-scale urban renewal in 1930s welcomed by both the public authorities and the tourists?

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What were the two phenomena of New York that were related to urban tourism development?

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What were the two phenomena of New York that were related to urban tourism development?

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What did the introduction of the New York Landmark Preservation Bill (1964) represent?

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What did the introduction of the New York Landmark Preservation Bill (1964) represent?

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Article: London, D. (2013). Progress and authenticity: Urban renewal, urban tourism, and the meaning(s) of mid-twentieth-century New York. Journal of Tourism History, 5(2), 172-184. doi:10.1080/1755182X.2013.828779

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Article: London, D. (2013). Progress and authenticity: Urban renewal, urban tourism, and the meaning(s) of mid-twentieth-century New York. Journal of Tourism History, 5(2), 172-184. doi:10.1080/1755182X.2013.828779

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To some extent, the public authorities in New York were willing to do this. There are two reasons for this.

One was that the “City Beautiful movement” interested residents in a more harmonious and organized public space through large-scale urban design.

Secondly, the Great Depression led to the realization of the evils of laissez-faire and the deterioration of slum conditions. There was an urgent need for the Government to address the problem.

The visitor's attitude should be ambiguous and subtle, which needs to be looked at in stages. In the early 1930s, some of New York City's "heresies" may have helped to spread the spending power of tourists across the city's attractions, in other words, the Old City or "random explorations of the cityscape" appealed to tourists. But in the mid-to-late 1930s, as the proportion of "white collar" paid vacations grew, the skyscrapers and engineering marvels of New York City's transformation became more recognizable and easier to see, such as Rockefeller Center.

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gentrification;

commercialization of the tourist landscape

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It made the clearest case for how tourism, municipal self-interest and preservation were finally seen as converging by city officials and marked a dramatic shift in American attitudes towards urban space. Now it was the city as it was, not as it could be, that attracted tourists to the city.

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Overall, both public authorities and tourists are in agreement with the proposed planning, as it aims to eliminate the chaotic and unhealthy environment of New York. The plan also seeks to establish a picturesque new vision for the city, thereby attracting numerous tourists.

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1.Modernization as one of New York’s most attractive features to draw tourists.

2.gentrification

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it represent the clearest case for how tourism, municipal self-interest and

preservation were finally seen as converging by city officials. Simultaneously, it marked a dramatic shift in American’s attitudes towards urban space since the utopian visions of the fair’s 1939 iteration had so

captivated millions of Americans. Now it was the city as it was, not as it could possibly be, that attracted tourists to the city.

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1. Demographic reorganization

2. Selling the modernization to visitors

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It represents how New York city officials converged tourism, municipal self-interest and preservation in the city. It also marks a dramatic shift in American’s attitudes towards urban space.

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The American public was becoming increasingly receptive to the utopian visions promised by urban renewal. This shift in tourist needs intersected with the broader American interest in urban renewal during this time to create subtle but profound changes in New York visitor practices during the 1930s.

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The New York Landmark Preservation Bill made the clearest case for how tourism, municipal self-interest and preservation were finally seen as converging by city officials. the Landmark Bill’s passing, marked a dramatic shift in American’s attitudes towards urban space since the utopian visions of the fair’s 1939 iteration had so captivated millions of Americans.

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Both of them welcome but from different reasons. For tourists, there is a shift in tourist needs and expectations. For locals, broader American interest in urban renewal affect them.

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1. Gentrification. “New” New York attracted a large of middle class visitors while stigmatized minorities like African-Americans and Puerto Ricans moved into neighborhoods like lower east side.

2. Practice “modernization” as a destination selling point.

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Both are willing to do so. New York's public authorities are willing to give residents an interest in a more harmonious and organized public space. Then the government can solve the livelihood problems. Tourists are also willing to do so and can meet their needs.

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1. Gentrification

2. Modernization as a selling point to visitors

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It represents the clearest case for how tourism, municipal self-interest and preservation were finally seen as covering by city officials. Also, it marked a dramatic shift in American attitudes towards urban space.

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1.Gentrifiation

2.Modernization

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Both welcomed the move. New York's public authorities wanted to solve the depression and livelihood problems, eliminate the chaos and unhealthy environment in New York, and thus attract more tourists. For visitors, the plan fulfills their vision to some extent.

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It illustrates most clearly how tourism, municipal self-interest, and preservation were ultimately seen as converging by city officials, and marks a dramatic shift in American attitudes toward urban space.

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Yes. For public authorities, the clearance of old districts and large-scale urban renewal had given the city a more orderly appearance. There were also a shift in the needs of tourists, who had become more interested in the city's modern architecture and infrastructure.

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1.the demographic reorganization

2.the same city officials and merchants were increasingly active in ‘selling’ the modernization to visitors as one of New York’s most attractive qualities.

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It marked a dramatic shift in American’s attitudes towards urban space since the utopian visions of the fair’s 1939 iteration had so captivated millions of Americans. Now it was the city as it was, not as it could possibly be, that attracted tourists to the city.

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The Landmark Bill was a big deal because it showed how people's opinions had changed about tourism, civic self-interest, and preservation. Before this bill was passed, officials thought these things were really separate. But with the bill passing, it became clear that tourism, civic self-interest, and preservation could actually work together to make things better. The bill was a game changer, showing that the real city was more important to tourists than what the city could be in the future.

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1.demographic reorganization
2.modernization

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YES

By the mid-1930s, the New York municipal government had committed itself to a programme of slum clearance

The American public was becoming increasingly receptive to the utopian visions promised by urban renewal.

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For public authorities, the clearance would improve their living quality like completing basic infrastructure. And this also matched the shift in tourist needs and expectations to the city.

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gentrification & modernization

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Yes,In essence, there is a broad consensus among both public officials and tourists regarding the planned urban renewal initiatives. These plans are designed to transform the perceived disorderly and detrimental environment of the older parts of New York into a more orderly and appealing urban landscape. 

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Yes,In essence, there is a broad consensus among both public officials and tourists regarding the planned urban renewal initiatives. These plans are designed to transform the perceived disorderly and detrimental environment of the older parts of New York into a more orderly and appealing urban landscape. 

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No. For some general public just as private-public bodies such as the New York Convention and Visitors Bureau were publicizing the sanitized, commercialized ‘renewed city’ at the expense of its older districts. While some visitors seeking more organic, ‘authentic’ experiences of the city. Both urban renewal attractions and old New York attract tourists.

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No. For some general public just as private-public bodies such as the New York Convention and Visitors Bureau were publicizing the sanitized, commercialized ‘renewed city’ at the expense of its older districts. While some visitors seeking more organic, ‘authentic’ experiences of the city. Both urban renewal attractions and old New York attract tourists.

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The unique inhabitants of the city are developed as sites of tourist interest.The city was less a theme park of stand-alone attractions to be enjoyed than a strange continent for visitors to explore.

Older neighbour hoods, though still primary destinations, were being challenged by the more singular attractions of the city’s modern buildings and infrastructure. Old style has been replaced by the urban renew. Many of the symbolic architectures replaced by the homogenous buildings.

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‘The features that attract the visitor’, are ‘exactly the same features that are being eliminated daily in New York’. the city’s reputation as a tourist magnet were being threatened because of the frequent urban renew. The city should pay attention to the protection of historical and architectural heritage and cultural assets.

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This statement encapsulates a pivotal change, as city officials recognized the alignment of tourism, municipal interests, and urban preservation, marking a shift in attitudes towards valuing the city's existing character as the main tourist attraction.

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This statement encapsulates a pivotal change, as city officials recognized the alignment of tourism, municipal interests, and urban preservation, marking a shift in attitudes towards valuing the city's existing character as the main tourist attraction.

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The first phenomenon is the city's evolution into an immersive, exploratory experience, where the diverse tapestry of neighborhoods becomes the main attraction. The second phenomenon is the gradual shift in tourist appeal towards the modern architecture and infrastructure, signifying a blend of historical charm with contemporary urban renewal.

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The first phenomenon is the city's evolution into an immersive, exploratory experience, where the diverse tapestry of neighborhoods becomes the main attraction. The second phenomenon is the gradual shift in tourist appeal towards the modern architecture and infrastructure, signifying a blend of historical charm with contemporary urban renewal.

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On the one hand, the New York City government runs a slum clearing program and receives federal assistance; On the other hand, Americans are increasingly embracing the utopian vision promised by urban renewal. Visitors are also happy to see the cityscape change and enhance their sense of experience

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Gentrification and modernization

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For the authorities, their attitude was changing. At first, they wanted to use urban renewal to change to chaotic and unhealthy environment of NYC but this kind of transformation also brought certain destruction to some specific areas like Greenwich Villages… So the authorities passed the seminal of NY landmark preservation act of 1963. This action also proved that.

But for tourists, they held different opinions towards urban renewal. Some people seeks for “mass tourism” while some still prefer “slumming” itinerary…

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It marks a change in Americans' attitudes toward urban space as government officials realize that tourism, urban interests, and urban preservation are aligned

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Gentrification

Modernization

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It represented a significant step in the effort to formally recognize and protect the architectural, historical, and cultural heritage of New York City and highlighted the urgency of protecting significant buildings that contribute to the city's cultural and historical landscape. It also marked a dramatic shift in American attitudes towards urban space.

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Maybe. It will certainly welcomed by tourists, since tourism activities requires a high level infrastructure: paved high rank road provides good accessibility, and well-constructed architectures provides high level accomodation, etc.

For local public, improved infrastructure and environment can surely make their life quality escalate from time to time, and a solid foundation is provided for future urban development. However, in certain extent, gentrification may occur in local community and lifestyle of original local community may be hard to maintain, since the renewal was not only for local public.

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Welcome by tourists: Due to the increase of holidays, the travel modes such as car travel are moreabundant, and tourists prefer simplified and structured travel modes, and modern tourist facilities such as restaurants and souvenir shops are popular. Welcome by the government: the government devoted to clearing slums in the 1830 s in order to look forward to the arrival of urbanrevival.

Two phenemena: Changes in tourists' expectations and geographical location.

This marks a great change in Americans' attitude towards urbanspace, because the utopian vision of the 1939 Expo attracted millions of Americans. Now, it is the city that attracts tourists, not the possible appearance. People have re-emphasized the local community and character. The uniqueness of this new tourism model is that it envisions the city as a place to consume unique experiences, not simple commodities.