# data[].attributes.headline
1312 BCE: Moses Receives The Torah St Mount Sinai

# data[].attributes.subject
1312 BCE: Moses Receives The Torah St Mount Sinai

# data[].attributes.body
After traveling in the desert for a few weeks under the protection of God, On Rosh Chodesh Sivan, the first day of the third month after the exodus from Egypt, the children of Israel or “B’nei Israel” reach Mount Sinai and camped near the mountain. Due to the constant miracles conducted by God, B’nei Israel’s faith in God grew intensely daily. Moses went up Mount Sinai for 40 day and nights, And God presented the Torah to him at the summit of mount Sinai. Moses put all the words and wisdom of the Torah before the people, and it is said that with one voice and one mind, the people accepted the Torah and all of it’s precepts outright.

https://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/246632/jewish/The-Revelation-on-Mount-Sinai.htm

# data[].attributes.headline
586 BCE: Destruction of First Temple/Babylonian Exile

# data[].attributes.subject
586 BCE: Destruction of First Temple/Babylonian Exile

# data[].attributes.body
The first temple was made by King Solomon with plans that god gave to his father King David. It was built at the top of Mount Moriah. Which lasted for 410 years. On the ninth day of Av, toward evening, the Holy Temple was set on fire and destroyed. The fire burned for 24 hours. All valuables and paintings were either burned or taken by the Babylonians. All the priests were killed and 940,000 people were killed in the burning of the temple, while millions of others were killed inside and outside of the city. 10,000 people were deported while some people who were said to be “the poorest of the land” had stayed.

https://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/144569/jewish/The-First-Temple.htm https://www.myjewishlearning.com/article/after-the-first-temple/

# data[].attributes.headline
353 BCE: Building Of the Second Temple/Cyrus declaration 

# data[].attributes.subject
353 BCE: Building Of the Second Temple/Cyrus declaration 

# data[].attributes.body
Herod the Great started to build the second temple. The Jews started building the second temple in 353 BCE which was exactly seventy years after the destruction of the first temple. At first they did it independently but soon after King Darius approved there effort. Then in 349 BCE the second temple was completed.

https://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/144773/jewish/The-Second-Temple-is-Built.htm

# data[].attributes.headline
332 BCE: Alexander The great Conquers Israel

# data[].attributes.subject
332 BCE: Alexander The great Conquers Israel

# data[].attributes.body
Two years after Philip II of Macedon was assassinated and Alexander became Ruler of Greece, he launched and invasion of the Persian empire. Alexander fought and won three major battles against the Persian King Darius III, allowing him to eventually become ruler of all Persia. During the course of Alexander the Great’s march through the Persian Empire, he traveled to Egypt in 332 B.C. While there, he took two signi cant actions that would contribute to his legacy: He founded a new city on the coast, Alexandria, named after himself, and he visited an oracular shrine dedicated to the god Zeus Ammon in the Siwa Oasis. When he approached the shrine, he was greeted by local priest as if he were a god. The Judeans were were now under Alexander’s rule. However, Greek historians do not mention Jerusalem or the Jews in connection with Alexander’s conquest. In order to reach and conquer Egypt, her had to travel along the coast. According to Josephus, a commentator form around 70 CE, in visiting Jerusalem, Alexander was greeted by the Jewish high priest, Jaddua, who presented the king with the Jewish community’s capitulation; then, Alexander offered a sacrifice in the Jerusalem Temple. In this story, not only did Alexander make a detour in order to meet with the Jews and go to Jerusalem, but when he saw the high priest and the name of God, he was so awed that he bowed down. Alexander, according to this legend, recognized the greatness of the God of Israel. This was a very famous event because when Alexander the Great conquered Israel, he allowed them to practice Judaism.

https://www.thegreatcoursesdaily.com/alexander-greats-impact-jews/

# data[].attributes.body
The revolt started with the priest Matthias but was then passed on and was lead by Judah Maccabee. When Matthias saw a Jew that was doing Greek customs he was so enraged that he killed him and fled with friends and family to the mountains. The Jews soon created there own army. They also cultivated relations with other nations, either for symbolic reasons, as in the case of the alliance with Sparta which was based upon the notion of affinity between the heirs of Lycurgus and the heirs of Moses, or for practical purposes, as in the alliance with Rome, the biggest enemy of the Greeks.

# data[].attributes.headline
63 BCE: Rome take over Judea, Herod the Great Architecture

# data[].attributes.subject
63 BCE: Rome take over Judea, Herod the Great Architecture

# data[].attributes.body
In 36 BCE an Idumean named Herod took over as king of Judea.  Herod was a good builder. His mast famous project of all is the Temple. His temple was made out of white marble and covered gold plates. According to Josephus, "it reflected so fierce a blaze of fire that those who tried to look at it had to turn away, as if they had looked straight at the sun. To approaching strangers it appeared in the distance like a mountain covered with snow." The Sages agreed and said "He who has not seen the Temple of Herod, has never seen a beautiful building"

https://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/953556/jewish/Herod-the-Great.htm

# data[].attributes.headline
66-70 CE: Great Revolt/Destruction of The Second Temple

# data[].attributes.subject
66-70 CE: Great Revolt/Destruction of The Second Temple

# data[].attributes.body
The Jew’s Great Revolt against Rome in 66 C.E. Led to one of the greatest catastrophes in Jewish history. The Roman’s rule in Israel started in 63 BCE and there ruler had grown more oppressive. At the beginning of the Common Era, a new group rose from the Jew, the Zealots. They were an anti-Roman group of rebels witch were active for more than six decades, and later started the great revolt. Their most basic belief was that all means were made to achieve political and religious liberty. Caligula in 39 C.E. Declared himself a deity and ordered a Statue of him to be in every temple in the Roman Empire. The Jews refused to put a statue of Caligula in there temple. So Caligula threatened to destroy the temple. In the year 66 Florus, the last Roman procurator stole a lot of silver from the temple. The outraged Jews rioted and wiped out the small Roman garrison stationed in Jerusalem. The Roman ruler in Syria sent in a larger force of soldiers. But the Jews routed them too. This was an amazing victory that had bad consequences, many Jews suddenly became convinced that they could defeat Rome, and the zealots ranks grew a lot though never again did the Jews achieve a victory like this. When the Roman’s returned they had 60,000 heavily armed and professional troops. 100,000 Jews were killed or sold into slavery in just the first attack. During the summer of 70 C.E. The Roman’s breached the walls of Jerusalem and started much violence and destruction. Shortly after they destroyed the second temple. This was the final and most devastating Roman attack against the Jews.
https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/the-great-revolt-66-70-ce

# data[].attributes.body
The revolt started from a spontaneous clash between the Jews and the Roman forces. The Jews were hiding in caves so they can do the mitzvahs. When the Roman soldiers found them they resisted. Then a warrior, Shimon Ben Kozba, united the Jews into a united fighting force, which then got Jerusalem from the Romans. Ben Kozba then called himself Messiah. Then Ben Kozba became known as Bar Kokhba, which means son of a star based on a verses in the Torah.

https://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/2713668/jewish/Bar-Kokhba-Revolt.htm

# data[].attributes.headline
189 CE: Rabbi Yehuda Hanasi Codifies the Mishnah

# data[].attributes.subject
189 CE: Rabbi Yehuda Hanasi Codifies the Mishnah

# data[].attributes.body
Rabbi Yehuda Hanasi was the finder of the Mishnah and the last of the Tannaim. He was known as Rabbi, or Rabbeinu HaKodesh. Over a long period of time, each subject of the was analyzed, with lawmaking left undecided from previous generations written into law and added to the Mishnah. There are 2 major opinion to Rabbi’s role in the authorship of the Mishnah. One opinion is that the wording is too basic and the arrangement of the speech. The other opinion is that Rabbi decided the Mishnah into order and chapters. According to both opinions, Rabbi’s work was based on the teachings of Rabbi Meir and Rabbi Akiva.

https://ohr.edu/4695

# data[].attributes.body
The Jerusalem Talmud consists of the Mishnah and the Gemara. It is also known as the Palestinian Talmud. It also predates it’s counterpart the Babylonian Talmud by about 200 years. The Gemara is what differentiates the Jerusalem Talmud from the Babylonian Talmud. The Leiden Jerusalem Talmud is today the only complete manuscript of the Jerusalem Talmud, It was copied in 1289 by Rabbi Jehiel ben Jekuthiel Anav. The Jerusalem Talmud covers all the tractates of Zeraim. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalem_Talmud#

# data[].attributes.body
The Talmud developed in two major centers of Jewish scholarship; Babylonia and Palestine. The Babylonian Talmud (the more complete and authoritative version of the Jerusalem Talmud), was written in 500 CE, but was further edited for another two centuries. The Talmud served as the basis for all codes of rabbinic law.

This manuscript (in square Ashkenazi hand) is an exceptionally rare specimen, which, fortunately, has not been censored or mutilated. It shows the end of tractate Arakhin ('Valuations'), which deals with issues relating to the upkeep of the sanctuary, and the start of tractate Keritot ('Excisions'), which discusses sins that incur divine punishment.

https://www.bl.uk/collection-items/babylonian-talmund

# data[].attributes.headline
2021 CE: Jonah, Rachel and Ori Create a Great Presentation on The Mishnah 

# data[].attributes.subject
2021 CE: Jonah, Rachel and Ori Create a Great Presentation on The Mishnah 

# data[].attributes.body
Three scholars from the Rabbi Jacob Pressman Academy of Temple Beth Am; Jonah Hirsch, Ori Bard and Rachel Ashkanazi create an intriguing presentation on Padlet about when all the events leading up to the codification of the Mishnah happened.