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After the fall of Rome there was no government to unite people who lived in Europe. The Catholic church then became the most powerful in the medieval times. Many leaders obtained lots of power from alliances and protection form the church.

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After the prophet Muhammad’s death the Muslim army conquered parts of the Middle East. They conquered places such as Egypt, Syria, Iran, Iraq, and much of Afghanistan and Baluchistan.  Bringing them under the rule of a single caliph. The medieval Islamic world was over three times bigger than the whole of Christendom.

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Under the caliphs rule, big cities adopted a bright life with lots of culture and intellect. The people made many inventions such as soap, surgical instruments, and windmills. They also made the system of numerals that people use today.

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Feudalism has been around since the 8th century to the 19th. This was a system controlled by one person and no one could do anything by themselves to change their role. At the top of the chain was the king. He had the most power and riches. The lords ran the local manors and could be called into war as a knight anytime the king wanted. Then there was the knights. The knights served as elite fighters or bodyguards but they didn't have much power. The least powerful and most poor were the serfs. These people made most of the population and sometimes they could be called in for battle as knights.

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Near the end of the 11th century, the Crusades began. Pope Urban made a Christian army and attempted to fight its way to Jerusalem. Then, in 1099 the Christian armies took Jerusalem from the Muslim control. Groups of pilgrims from Western Europe went to go to the "Holy Land", but many got robbed and killed.

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Church builders started to embrace a new way to build churches. It was called the Gothic. These Gothic structures had stained glass windows and pointed arches and vaults. People also made mosaics and painting that covered the walls.

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A knight named Hugues de Payens made a military order that became the Knights Templar. They also won the support of the Pope. They were known for being brave fighters. The Fall Of Acre in 1291 was the end of the last living crusader refuge in The Holy Land.

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The Black Death ( otherwise known as the bubonic plague ) killed around 20 million people in  Europe,  which was around 30 percent of the population. It started near October when 12 ships came back from the Black Sea and docked at the Sicilian port of Messina. Most people on the ships died. Everyone had black blisters full of blood. They had a fever, chills, vomiting, and more. It killed animals and some people thought it was punishment for peoples sins.