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Democritus was a Greek philosopher who lived between 470-380 B.C. He developed the concept of the 'atom', Greek for 'indivisible'. Democritus believed that everything in the universe was made up of atoms

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He developed methods to calculate atomic weights and structures and formulated the law of partial pressures. he sayd that elements are made of tiny things called atoms.

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-The structure of atoms is related to electricity in some way.
-Discovered a number of new organic compounds. and he discovered the effect of magnetisms in light

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-Using a cathode ray tube, atoms with negative particles (electrons) were discovered.
-The charge-to-mass ratio of electrons was discovered by him; 1.76x10⁸ C/g.

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-The charge of an electron was measured using oil droplets.

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Ernest Rutherford envisioned the atom as a miniature solar system, with electrons orbiting around a massive nucleus, and as mostly empty space, with the nucleus occupying only a very small part of the atom.

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The Moseley atomic # and each elements contains a unique number of protons.

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-Electrons orbit the nucleus.
- Model based on the hydrogen atom.
-Energy of the electrons is quantized.