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Effects that triploidy have on the testis and ovary

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Effects that triploidy have on the testis and ovary

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It greatly affects the size and condition of it. Its visibly seen that the diploids organs are much better than the triploids.

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-Identify, clone gene of interest
-Link correct promoter to desired gene
-Linearize DNA construct
-inject linear DNA into just fertilized eggs via microinjection
- Salmon develops into adult with the trait being inheritable

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A non-transgenic female eggs is fertilized by a transgenic neomale/pseudomale with the help of shock treatment, producing a sterile triploid all female salmon as a result.

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The increase in cell size is compensated by a corresponding decrease in the number of cells.

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- Allows for beneficial commercial traits such as improved growth, pathogen resistance and infertility conferring protection of elite genetics.

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types of shock treatment and how it works

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types of shock treatment and how it works

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Heat, Pressure, and Cold shocking
These methods are to shock a fertilized cell that has yet to go through meiosis II, causing the cell to halt meiosis. This causes a triploid cell to go through mitosis as it.

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Development of functional gene construct

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Development of functional gene construct

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consists of:
-promoter sequence
-coding region
-terminator sequence
-(for plants selection, antibiotics resistance gene

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Neomale/Pseudomale Fish
Produces a genotypically female and a phenotypically male
: results in all female salmon.

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1. Isolate and transfer well defined genes
2. Introduction of desired genes across the species barrier
3. Desired change in 1 generation

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especially on food safety

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Young homozygous female transgenc fish treated with hormone to produce neomale fish

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Desired gene(s) inserted only at known locations.

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Desired gene(s) inserted with other genetic material inherited as well

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An example would include The Belgian Blue Cow. They have been selectively bred to maximize meat production since they contain a mutation which usually inhibits muscle production. The mutation switches the gene off, resulting in no limit on the amount of muscles these cow can form.

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Inserting selected genes using recombinant DNA methods

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- It can create offsprings with different traits
- It may cause an environmental risk for the organisms (diseases and environmental changes)
- There is no control over genetic mutations when it comes to bad traits.
- It could potentially lead to loss in species variety.

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Traditional: done by crossing animals and selecting offspring.

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The manipulation of an organism's genetic makeup using biotechnological tools

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- The traditional breeding can grow bigger and faster than the wild type.
- Helps to eliminate disease (disease resistance)
- It produces a fitter, hardier and stronger organisms
- It allows for higher profit
- No  safety  issues such that it allows for natural evolutionary process to take place
- It is able to provide a sustainable food chain

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One example is the modification of the chicken genome to induce production of eggs containing a recombinant enzyme drug. After purification of the enzyme, this drug, marketed as Kanuma, can be used to treat people suffering from a rare condition wherein their body cannot break down fats with their normal enzyme, thus reducing fat accumulation in these individuals.

Recently, scientists used CRISPR to target genes encoding the proteins ovalbumin and ovomucoid, the common allergens in eggs. Researchers hope to produce hypoallergenic eggs in the future using this method.

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- A process used by humans to develop new organisms with desirable characteristics.
- Desirable characteristics such that to develop better or more useful strains from the genetic diversity.

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1. disadvantage for the wild type salmon species since they will be outcompeted by the transgenic triploid salmons escapees.

-transgenic triploid salmon escapees with a larger size
-transgenic triploid salmon has a higher feed conversion rate, requiring lesser food for growth compared to the wild type.
-resident pathogens from the escapee's fish farm may be released into the wild, and since the transgenic triploid salmon are hardier, the wild types may be subject to an outbreak, lowering their survivability

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If a transgenic triploid salmon escapes into the wild, what is/are the potential impact(s) on wild type salmon species?