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Teaching grammar as needed. Then apply it in a sentence 

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Teaching grammar as needed. Then apply it in a sentence 

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Use sentence stems according to their level 

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Use sentence stems according to their level 

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Writing in complete sentences in correct grammar.  Table 1 (Ortiz, Bustamante, Castillo)

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Writing in complete sentences in correct grammar.  Table 1 (Ortiz, Bustamante, Castillo)

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Using sentence stems is key to advance them to the next level

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Using sentence stems is key to advance them to the next level

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Using the questions to answer in complete sentences. M. Sabbagh, C. Penney, T. Jones, and S. Sanchez

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Using the questions to answer in complete sentences. M. Sabbagh, C. Penney, T. Jones, and S. Sanchez

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Have students reflect before they write

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incorporating key vocabulary words in their writing.

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incorporating key vocabulary words in their writing.

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SWiRL Table 1 (Ortiz, Bustamante, Castillo)

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SWiRL Table 1 (Ortiz, Bustamante, Castillo)

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Using complete sentences, building vocabulary, verbs & tenses, grammar features, etc

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Using complete sentences, building vocabulary, verbs & tenses, grammar features, etc

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Use all 4 domains

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Sabbagh, Jones, Sanchez, Penney-The use of sentence stems

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Sabbagh, Jones, Sanchez, Penney-The use of sentence stems

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Encourage beginners to write letting  them know mistakes are ok

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Provide sentence stems according to proficiency levels and guide students thru a gradual release depending on performance.

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Provide sentence stems according to proficiency levels and guide students thru a gradual release depending on performance.

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The lesson should incorporate all 4 domains.

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The lesson should incorporate all 4 domains.

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Grade appropriate vocabulary
Use of cohesive devices
Language functions :narrate, describe explain

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Some things to focus on when working to improve writing is teaching grammar rules and increase knowledge of vocabulary. Having students add relevant details to their text so that it is clear to understand.
-PG

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All communication domains should be included in the lessons

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All communication domains should be included in the lessons

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writing lessons should be displayed as a  process. Step by Step

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writing lessons should be displayed as a  process. Step by Step

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Having a high frequency vocabulary list.

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Writing Skill List for Intermediate Students

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Writing Skill List for Intermediate Students

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Using simple original messages to communicate.
Using high frequency vocabulary
Some repetitive ideas due to lack of vocab and language structures
Present tense used most accurately
Descriptions and explanations lacking details

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Very interactive, using information they already know so they will be successful and feel confident

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Very interactive, using information they already know so they will be successful and feel confident

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Capitalize first word of a sentence, use proper punctuation, subject-predicate, and knowledge of high frequency words.  M. Sabbagh, C. Penney, T. Jones, and S. Sanchez

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Capitalize first word of a sentence, use proper punctuation, subject-predicate, and knowledge of high frequency words.  M. Sabbagh, C. Penney, T. Jones, and S. Sanchez

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Using sentence stems and examples to model proper grammar.

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Adela-Building vocabulary, teaching parts of speech, and maintaining academic discussions consistent before a writing piece. 

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Adela-Building vocabulary, teaching parts of speech, and maintaining academic discussions consistent before a writing piece. 

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Verb tenses

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Each lesson should include all four domains giving students the opportunity to reflect, respond in writing, and orally share with others while they listen and process others' ideas.
-PG

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Multiple opportunities to engage in the expressive domains of speaking and writing

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Multiple opportunities to engage in the expressive domains of speaking and writing

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-Monica Melton

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complete sentences, verbs & tenses, grammar, transition words,  vocabulary, details & abstract ideas, etc

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complete sentences, verbs & tenses, grammar, transition words,  vocabulary, details & abstract ideas, etc

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Proper subject verb agreement, proper use of verb tenses, provide a variety of sentences (complex sentences), conjunctions, and use of transitions words to connect ideas. M. Sabbagh, C. Penney, S. Sanchez, T. Jones

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Proper subject verb agreement, proper use of verb tenses, provide a variety of sentences (complex sentences), conjunctions, and use of transitions words to connect ideas. M. Sabbagh, C. Penney, S. Sanchez, T. Jones

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Lessons can use the SWIRL template.

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Have opportunities to use simple present, past, and future tenses with sentence stems. 

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Have opportunities to use simple present, past, and future tenses with sentence stems. 

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-simple messages
-present tense used more accurately
-lacking details and descriptions
-loosely connected text

-PG

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SWIRL a lesson with clear content and language objectives.

Introduce and practice vocabulary
Introduce and practice language form , for example describe
Introduce and practice language function : subject /verb agreement .simple present tense

Assess all together :students will plan their answers in writing and then they will record themselves explaining their answers.

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complete sentences, verbs & tenses, grammar,  vocabulary, details & abstract ideas, etc

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Adela-I would set expectations first, then I would introduce new concept, new vocabulary, and activity. Lesson will include an  opportunity for all students to share, read, and write about their new learning. 

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Adela-I would set expectations first, then I would introduce new concept, new vocabulary, and activity. Lesson will include an  opportunity for all students to share, read, and write about their new learning. 

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Incorporating SWIRL into each lesson.

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Emphasis in verb tense agreement.  Grammar features. 

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Emphasis in verb tense agreement.  Grammar features. 

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Short simple sentences
Repetition of ideas
Some writing may only be understood by individuals accustomed to the writing of ELLs
Present tense used mostly

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Monique and Cara-Lee                           1.Construction of a complete simple sentence with correct grammar structure.2. Using key vocabulary in sentences.3. Reducing repetitive writing.4. Adding details to sentences when explaining, describing and narrating.         

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Monique and Cara-Lee                           1.Construction of a complete simple sentence with correct grammar structure.2. Using key vocabulary in sentences.3. Reducing repetitive writing.4. Adding details to sentences when explaining, describing and narrating.         

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-partial grasp of more complex verb tense
-variety of common cohesive devices
-some detail and emerging clarity

-PG

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Use of writing strategies.
Lots of quick writes using complete sentences and verb tenses.
Use of academic vocabulary.
Use of verbs.

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High frequency words, frequently use academic vocabulary, short sentences with one detail, basic grammar.

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High frequency words, frequently use academic vocabulary, short sentences with one detail, basic grammar.

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Help them to use more complex sentences using adjectives (synonyms and antonyms) 

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Help them to use more complex sentences using adjectives (synonyms and antonyms) 

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Providing daily structured opportunities speaking and writing (output domains)

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Providing daily structured opportunities speaking and writing (output domains)

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Present tense, simple future and past tense, simple sentences

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-write a complete sentence w/ appropriate cohesive devices
-include new and previously taught vocabulary in their writing
-apply different verb tenses depending on the writing activity
-brainstorm to include as much detail as possible

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Use of academic vocabulary, sentence patterns, complex verbs, tenses, narratives, writings with 2 or more details.

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Use of academic vocabulary, sentence patterns, complex verbs, tenses, narratives, writings with 2 or more details.

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Introduce vocabulary(anchor charts/ word walls), provide guided practice with opportunities for interaction and structured practice for vocabulary, then reading and writing practice guided to independent

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Introduce vocabulary(anchor charts/ word walls), provide guided practice with opportunities for interaction and structured practice for vocabulary, then reading and writing practice guided to independent

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Basic verb tenses, sentence patterns, and complex verbs

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Monique and Cara-Lee                                  1.Sentence Variety 2. Complex sentences with correct verb tense.        

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Monique and Cara-Lee                                  1.Sentence Variety 2. Complex sentences with correct verb tense.        

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Focal points in writing should consist of teaching transitions/transitional  phrases; subject verb agreement; verb tenses etc. teaching those grammar structures

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Focal points in writing should consist of teaching transitions/transitional  phrases; subject verb agreement; verb tenses etc. teaching those grammar structures

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-use a variety of sentence patterns
-narrate and describe on a more academic level/tone
-be able to explain their reasoning/thoughts on a specific topic

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Short, simple sentences, high frequency vocabulary, repetition of ideas, mostly present tense used, lacking detail

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Short, simple sentences, high frequency vocabulary, repetition of ideas, mostly present tense used, lacking detail

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grasp of basic verb tenses, grade-appropriate vocab, variety of cohesive devices, some detail for narrations, explanations, and descriptions

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grasp of basic verb tenses, grade-appropriate vocab, variety of cohesive devices, some detail for narrations, explanations, and descriptions

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I.Oloko- Work on sentence structure, grammar, verb tenses, vocabulary words.

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I.Oloko- Plan lessons that have meaningful activities integrating all language domains and encourage students to work in collaboarative groups.

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I.Oloko
*Simple sentence structure to complex by providing complex sentence stems.
*Increase the use of academic vocabulary
*Introduce and encourage use of past, future tenses by modelling and giving students exemplars.