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Health Information/Patients Right to Know-Georganna Evans

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Health Information/Patients Right to Know-Georganna Evans

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What is health information:

Health information is the data related to a person’s medical history, including symptoms, diagnoses, procedures, and outcomes. Health information is regulated by different federal and state laws, depending on the source of the information and the entity entrusted with the information. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) and the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA) are two examples of federal laws that regulate privacy and the exchange of specific types of information. The work of healthcare providers, school personnel, and others interacts with FERPA and HIPAA frequently, which is why it is important to understand these laws and know when they apply.

Patients right to know:

Patients must understand that caregivers have as much of a right to privacy regarding their health information as does the patient. The patient cannot assume that if the caregiver has AIDS that the care would be compromised or diminished. My thoughts on a patient’s right to know whether a caregiver has AIDS and the caregiver’s right to privacy and confidentiality in relation to health information.

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Health information for patients Courtney Hemsath

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Health information for patients Courtney Hemsath

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Health information is health care organizations that collect, store and manage a patients history. This allows providers to access the patients information easily and from anywhere.

Everyone knows the importance of HIPPA. HIPPA protects individuals' medical records and other personal information. The ethical obligations of health information management also known as HIM. They include the safeguarding of privacy and security of health information.

We all understand HIPPA. Most people don't like that there is an HIV disclosure policy and procedure. HIV status and reporting requirements raise legal issues related to patient confidentiality. Its unfortunate that health concerns outweigh interest. Which make it hard to balance when it comes the the privacy concerns with HIV status.

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Health Information is about managing and protecting a patient health information. This helps the doctors use the system because you can easily access similar incidents related to your patient or keep track of your patient health over the years. How are your health information protected under medical laws is you have access to ask your doctor about your health instead of the public to access your own information. I feel the patient do not have right to know their caregiver information especially AIDS it's very personal to have people know. If you can't provide information about how to take care AIDS then you don't need to know. That is why a caregiver right is to protect your information and the only way they access is when you give them permission to look.

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Patient's Right to Know- Hannah/Malakai Williams

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Patient's Right to Know- Hannah/Malakai Williams

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Health information is everything that is in your medical record, including prescriptions, procedures, diagnoses, etcetera. These things are all protected under the law because not only does it include personal medical information, but it also has very personal information, like your address and insurance, and even your social security number- anything that a doctor's office or hospital would require. HIPPA helps ensure that none of this valuable information gets out without your own consent. Anyone who does have access to your data has a strict set of rules that they are required to follow so that it all stays safe in their hands. As for the AIDS discussion, I think it's a bit of a gray area. On one hand, the patient does have a right to know certain things about their caregivers in order to feel more comfortable with them taking care of them. On the other hand, the caregiver has just as much right under HIPPA as the patient does to keep their medical record to themselves. I believe that the caregiver's right to privacy outweighs the patient's right to know in this situation. It would be a little different if the information the patient wanted to know wasn't medically based. Plus, if they are a caregiver, they're already taking a lot of precautions to keep their patient safe. It would be difficult to pass AIDS to the patient if they're not sexually active with each other, which is a huge violation in itself, or somehow getting their blood on each other. As the caregiver, they should already be wearing the appropriate PPE to avoid that situation happening.

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Health Information/Patient's Right to Know - Jaclyn Simonsen/ Vogel

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Health Information/Patient's Right to Know - Jaclyn Simonsen/ Vogel

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Health information is the data and knowledge that intelligent systems (human and artificial) use to support their decisions. By optimizing the capture, processing, communication, and application of patient data and medical knowledge, health informatics helps physicians make more informed decisions and improves patient outcomes.

Health information privacy, confidentiality, and security are highly valued for a variety of reasons. In some theories, privacy is a fundamental human right. As part of human well-being, privacy is objectively valuable in itself. The value of respecting people's privacy is seen as recognition of the unique moral qualities that people possess.

Another perspective holds that privacy facilitates other fundamental values, such as individuality, respect, dignity, and worth of humanity.

When patients are accidentally infected with HIV in health care settings, the question arises as to whether patients have a right to expect that their health providers will disclose HIV/AIDS diagnoses. Although disclosure under informed consent might seem justified, I argue that such standards should not apply to the disclosure of personal diagnoses, and should only apply to questions concerning the risks and barriers to HIV infection related to particular medical treatments. A generalized right to confidentiality is not warranted given the low risk of HIV infection and the dangers of disclosing such information to health workers. Additionally, patients can be protected in other ways.

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Health Information/ Patient's Rights- Shauna Derkson

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Health Information/ Patient's Rights- Shauna Derkson

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Health Information is the collection of information of data related to a person's medical history, including symptoms, diagnoses, procedures and outcome. It is protected by the HIPPA Act  of 1996 because it is a collection and storage of personal identifiable information.
In respect of a patient knowledge of a caregiver workers medical history of HIV. I feel everyone should be protected by HIPPA. There are protocols in place to safely administer care without exposure. The CDC introduced universal precautions system in 1985 as standard guidelines to prevent bloodborne pathogens from exposure to blood and other infectious diseases.

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Health Information, Patients Rights- Jordan Derkson

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Health Information, Patients Rights- Jordan Derkson

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Health information is a system that helps compile data to help manage the populations health and reduce healthcare costs. Basically it is a medical record. All of a persons health concerns and needs all complied into one record. Health Information is protected by HIPPA. Which is a law that was enacted so that patients could keep their privacy and doctors or others could not talk about it with out being sued.

In regards to the patient being able to know that their caregiver has AIDS. I think that the patient should not know. The caregiver has a right to their privacy just like the patient does. Plus there are many safeguards in place so that the patient would not contact HIV from said caregiver, like gloves, gowns and normal PPE equipment. I'm sure the caregiver would also be on medicine and take his or her own precautions. The likely hood of transfer of HIV is so incredibly low that it would be safe and the patient would be in no danger.

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Patient's Right to Know- Caitlyn Goodwin 

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Patient's Right to Know- Caitlyn Goodwin 

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Almost everyone at some point in their life will require an invasive or surgical procedure. Many times, the patient will have the ability to select the healthcare provider who will perform the surgical procedure. HIV, Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C are bloodborne pathogens that could possibly be transmitted from the healthcare provider to the patient. Although it almost never happens there have been reported cases of such transmission. Thus, the possibility of transmission puts the patient’s interest in direct conflict with the healthcare worker’s interest in medical privacy.

I agree with the Superior Court of New Jersey’s decision in, Behringer Estate v. Princeton Medical Center which required informed consent when performing a surgical procedure, when the Court stated, “Moreover, he can avoid the risk entirely without any adverse consequences for his health: By choosing another equally competent physician.” I believe the patient has the right to know the risk of an operation including blood pathogens even if the risk is negligible.

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Health Information/Patient's Right to Know - Amber Forgione 

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Health Information/Patient's Right to Know - Amber Forgione 

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Health information includes but is not limited to personal patient information and private health data. Clinical notes, pharmacy records and payment transactions are pieces of health information as well. Health information is protected under medical law and ethics because patients should be able to receive care without their information being told to others. Treating someone in a hospital is free of judgement. The privacy rule applies to health plans, health care clearing houses and to any health care provider who transmits health information in an electronic or written form.

Controversy can occur when considering a patient’s right to know about their caregiver’s health information vs. the caregiver’s right to health privacy. The caregiver knows the patient’s health information because it is needed to help the patient. When a patient is seen in a hospital where bodily fluids can be excreted, the caregiver takes proper precautions to protect against any cross contamination. The patient should not need to know any health information on the caregiver, just that they are able to help them in a medical situation. If you knew your doctor had AIDS and was the only one on the staff who could help you, would you say no because of their health history? No. You would take the help just as that doctor would help you if you had AIDS. The PPE worn protects everyone against contamination.

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Health Information and Patient's Rights - Megan Wulfhoop

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Health Information and Patient's Rights - Megan Wulfhoop

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Health information is everything that is included in your medical record. This information can include medications, procedures, diagnoses, allergies, and even more personal information such as your address and telephone number. This is protected by federal laws such as HIPPA which makes it illegal to disclose a patients medical information without their prior knowledge and consent.  It is crucial that this information remain protected, because our medical record contain sensitive details that some patients may not be comfortable having spread to anyone.
When it comes to a patients right to know if a caregiver has a communicable disease, such as AIDS, I believe the caregiver has a right to privacy as well. AIDS can only be transferred either sexually or by contact with infected blood so the risk of exposure should be close to zero as long as the caregiver is using proper standard precautions such as wearing gloves. Also, if the caregiver did happen to cut themselves they need to be responsible enough to be sure they clean and cover the wound.

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Importance of Health Information By Marijo Capozzolo

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Importance of Health Information By Marijo Capozzolo

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Health information is everything that is needed to know about a patient in their medical history from listing their symptoms, test results, and diagnosis to the information about their wills, living wills, and wishes on organ donations. Health Information is protected under the HIPPA privacy rule, it protects all private information pertaining to the patient from being shared. The privacy of the physician is protected under this as well.

While there is no cure to AIDS, the understanding and treatment of this disease has advanced over the years. Hospitals have many safeguards in place for several possible outcomes and I would hope that they are strong guidelines in place to protect a patient from a physician who has been contracted AIDS. While a physician may have the same rights and HIPPA protections as a patient, I believe there is some gray area in the necessity of a physician reporting such a diagnosis since they do have the possibility of transmitting a lifelong, uncurable disease with high ramifications. Such a diagnosis does not inhibit one’s ability to do their job but since it can be transmitted by blood I can see where it would be important for a surgeon who will be operating on the internal systems of a patient with sharp instruments to let their patient have all the information. I cannot definitively say that I personally would be comfortable with a surgeon infected with AIDS operating on myself or one of my children but at the same time I know that they are protected by the law and do not have to divulge such information.

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Health Information is any information pertaining to your personal health. This includes allergies, past medical history, surgeries, current medications that you take, current diagnoses, as well as any relevant family history. You have a right to have your health information protected. A way that your information is protected is with HIPPA.

HIPPA is the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996. It is a federal law that President Bill Clinton signed to require the creation of national standards to protect sensitive patient health information from being disclosed without patient consent or knowledge (CDC, 2018). Covered entities are those who are subject to HIPPA. These are healthcare providers, healthcare plans, healthcare clearinghouses and business associates.

There are certain instances where these entities do not need to adhere to HIPPA. If a healthcare provider is disclosing health information to the patient which then leads to treatment, payment or healthcare operations, HIPPA cannot apply until the patient is aware of the information.The patient has the ability to agree or object to the disclosure of their health information (CDC, 2018).

One main occurrence where HIPPA does not apply is to prevent or lessen a serious threat to health or safety. Say you have a caregiver with AIDS. This is a serious and contagious disease if you come into contact with the infected person’s blood. Even though this is the caregiver’s health information, they have to disclose it if there is any chance that they could spread the disease. This can prevent a threat to other’s health and safety.

Citation

CDC. (2018, September 14). Health Insurance Portability and accountability act of 1996 (HIPAA). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved October 21, 2021, from https://www.cdc.gov/phlp/publications/topic/hipaa.html#:~:text=The%20Health%20Insurance%20Portability%20and,the%20patient's%20consent%20or%20knowledge.

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What is health information? Like many of my classmates have stated it is a person’s medical history. This history can include allergies, types of medications they are taking or have taken, surgeries, and their general stats like weight, height, and family medical history (notable surgeries, diseases, allergies). The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, or HIPAA, was enacted in 1996 to help protect a patient’s privacy. HIPAA was enacted so your health information, or that of your doctor’s, would not be passed around to anyone who asks for it, and protects against discrimination.

On the topic of AIDS and the caregiver’s right to privacy and confidentiality. I am of the mind to say that all healthcare workers should be tested for easily spreadable diseases. That is not to say that they cannot work in the healthcare field, this information would help with taking extra precautions. As to if the patient needs to know if the caregiver has AIDS? No, they definitely do not need to know as they (the caregiver) are protected by the same laws as their patients.

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​Health information includes each patients current and past medical history. This includes diagnoses, general health information, treatments, and medications. Each patientsinformation is protected for privacy by Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPPA). HIPPA protects your health information from being passed to anyone who asked, you would have to give permission. This helps keep communication between patients and physicians more effective and comfortable.

​Caregivers are under the same protection as patients, so their health information is private as well. If a caregiver has AIDS, they are not required to tell their patients. They should protect themselves with personal protection equipment (PPE), therefor they wouldn’t be passing the disease to the patient. AIDS is not transmitted airborne, so the patient would not have to worry about that. Unless something happened to where it is possible the caregiver may have transmitted the disease to the patient, I do not think it needs to be discussed.

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Health Informations is your personal medical history this includes: illnesses, surgeries, vaccination records, allergies, etc. A persons medical record is protected by HIPPA, having doctor patient confidentiality can allow the patient to trust them and they know that their information is only seen by the physician and isn't allowed to be released to anyone else without proper paperwork and consent. When it comes to whether or not the physician should notify their patients that they have AIDS, I don't think this is necessary for two reasons, for one it is the physicians right to have his or her medical conditions kept private, and two they take precautions already such as wearing gloves, washing their hands and these days wearing masks, also AIDS is only spread through blood contact and sexually so there is not a likely chance of the physician cutting themselves and giving the patient the disease.

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Health information is the data of a person’s medical history. Health information includes diagnosis, procedures, labs, doctor visits, symptoms, demographic information, family history and notes from providers. Health information is regulated by both state and federal laws. The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA) is a federal law that was issued by the U.S Department of Health and Human Services to protect patient health information. It restricts who has access to a patient’s information without their consent and helps to deter theft and fraud.

Does a caregiver need to disclose to a patient that they have aids? Caregivers are entitled to the same health information protection as the patient. If the caregiver takes the proper measures to protect themselves and the patient, wearing proper protection and following safety guidelines they shouldn't have to disclose they have aids. In a setting a patient should never encounter a caregiver’s bodily fluids. So, there should be no threat of the patient being exposed.

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Patients’ privacy and rights. - Jasmine King

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Patients’ privacy and rights. - Jasmine King

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Health information is any data relating to a patient’s medical history. That could include procedures and outcomes, diagnoses, or previous symptoms. It also includes a health record, or lab results, patient/family history, demographic information, and previous notes. When this information is kept private between the physician and the patient it creates a level of trust, which then opens for a better quality of care because the physician now knows everything about the patient. When it comes to whether the patient should know if the caregiver has aids, I don’t think it is necessary. Especially in a medical situation, when so many precaution are taken at every step of any procedure or visit. I think if that the physician wants to disclose it then that is perfectly fine, however I don’t think it should be required.

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Personal Health Information - Cecilia Muniz

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Personal Health Information - Cecilia Muniz

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Health Information is human information and consists of a person's medical history including symptoms, diagnosis, procedures, and outcomes. The patient's information is protected by the HIPPA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act) of 1996. This privacy law was established by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. HIPPA is a federal law that required the creation of national standards to protect sensitive patient health information from being disclosed without patient's consent or knowledge.

A patient may feel the right to know if a caregiver has AIDS when the patient is being treated, but if the caregiver is taking precautions while treating the patient then, the caregiver's personal health information should remain private. The caregiver has every right to the privacy policy as the patient does and the caregiver should not have to disclose such personal information pertaining to their health. The risk of the caregiver transmitting AIDS to the patient is low especially, if the caregiver follows universal precautions during contact with the patient.

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Health information is a collection of data relating to a patient’s medical history. Medical history includes but is not limited to allergies, immunizations, lab results, diagnoses, and general health information. A patient’s medical history is passed along from provider to provider in order for them to get the best care possible.

A patient’s health information is protected under Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA). HIPAA makes it so medical and personal information cannot be shared unless the patient allows it. This is extremely important for someone that is concerned that their medical history could impact their ability to be hired for a job.

If a patient’s medical history is protected, then a caregiver's is as well. It is none of a patient’s business to know whether their caregiver has AIDs or not. If a caregiver has AIDs, then they know what personal protection equipment they need to wear to not give it to their patient. Most people should know that it is transferred through bodily fluids and precautions can be taken to not spread it to someone else.

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Health information includes details on a patient's medical history, including diagnoses, treatments, and general patient health information. In order to protect the privacy of this information, the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) was passed. The CDC states that this act is intended to "protect sensitive patient health information from being disclosed without the patient’s consent or knowledge," and applies to verbal and written patient information. There are strict guidelines in order to protect patient health information, and subsequently potentially severe repercussions if in violation of this act.
A medical provider has the right to privacy and should not be required to disclose if they have AIDs to their patients. The provider would need to exercise caution (e.g. PPE) as needed, and should only disclose this information if medically necessary.

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Health information is a collection of data about a patient’s medical history. It can include symptoms, treatments, prognoses, test results, diagnoses, payment information, etc. Heath information is protected information and cannot be released except under certain specific circumstances. The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA) puts restrictions on the protection and release of health information. It also allows more strict punishment for those who breach privacy laws. In the case of communicable diseases, the lines become a little bit blurry. There are instances where disclosure is allowed in order to minimize the spread of the disease. However, in the case of a caregiver that has AIDS, the caregiver has the right to keep that information private. The caregiver’s right to privacy outweighs the patient’s right to know. In this situation the caregiver should be using proper PPE and taking precautions anyway, so unless there is some kind of an incident, the disclosure is unnecessary.

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Health information are physical, electronic, or spoken information concerning a patient. It includes all health records and histories as well as test results and medical bills. Health information is protected because it is necessary to build trust between patients and medical staff. Most health care providers must follow the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) Privacy Rule (Privacy Rule), a federal privacy law that sets a baseline of protection for certain individually identifiable health information (“health information”). In my opinion, the caregiver has the same right to privacy concerning their health information as any other patient. There could only be a controversy should the infected caregiver infect a patient. In that case, there would have to be a lapse in patient care etiquette and rules which should be focused on rather than the caregiver’s health status.

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Health information is everything pertaining to you and your life long medical journey. This is the information that follows you around from provider to provider and allows you to receive the best possible care. AHIMA defines it as “data related to a person’s medical history, including symptoms, diagnoses, procedures, and outcomes”. Since this data contains so much personal information that could be detrimental to someone if made known, it is protected under the Health Information Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA).

HIPAA ensures no information in an individual’s health record can be shared with anyone without written consent of the patient. This is extremely important in that one cannot be discriminated against due to a medical diagnosis. As such, this also applies to medical providers and their personal diagnoses.

Is a medical provider required to disclose they have AIDs to their patients? Absolutely not. It is none of my business just as it is not the business of my employer that I have rheumatoid arthritis. Would I disclose my disease to them? I would, but that is my choice to do so. If the physician feels themselves morally obligated to inform their patients that is perfectly fine, and I would truly appreciate the transparency. If they chose to keep their diagnosis to themselves, also perfectly acceptable. After all, who knows better how to protect themselves and others from pathogens than a medical professional? Everyone handles a disease diagnosis differently and it is not my place to tell someone how they should share that with others.

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PHI & Pt's Right to Know - Suzanne Early 

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PHI & Pt's Right to Know - Suzanne Early 

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Health information is the data related to a person's medical history, including symptoms, diagnoses, procedures, and outcomes. A health record includes information such as: a patient's history, lab results, X-rays, clinical information, demographic information, and notes.  Protecting health information under medical law and ethics is essential for the preservation of professional integrity between the healthcare professional and the patient.  This trust creates better health outcomes for patients and the health care industry, as well as medical research.
As it pertains to the controversy of a patient's right to know the risks of exposure vs. the healthcare professional's right to privacy, I believe a certain balance must be accepted in any health care setting.  In the health care profession, we give an oath and pledge to keep our patients safe from harm.  We also value and expect our personal health and privacy to be respected.  Transmission between provider and patient is very rare in a low risk health care setting.  If there is little risk of exposure to the patient, the provider has the right to preserve his or her privacy as it pertains to his or her own health.  However, when we enter this particular profession, it is understood that our patients have the right to know their exposure risk and their options so that they may make a choice that is best for their own well-being.  If there is a high risk of exposure to the patient, then the patient has the right to know so that they may make an informed decision.  The provider must accept, that by choosing this particular profession, disclosure is going to be required in certain circumstances for the patient's protection.

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Patient's Right To Know - Jesus Lopez Calvo

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Patient's Right To Know - Jesus Lopez Calvo

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Health information is an accumulation of personal information, or data, related to a patient’s past or present health. There are four major categories of health data: administrative, clinical, legal, and financial. Administrative data includes demographic information about the patient, such as the patient’s name, address, date of birth, race, primary language, religion, and marital status. Clinical data includes the medical information taken and recorded by the healthcare provider such as admission dates, office visits, laboratory test results, evaluations, surgeries, or progress notes. Legal data is composed of consents for treatment, authorizations for the release of information, or advance directives. Financial data includes the patient’s insurance and payment information for healthcare services.

The confidentiality of health information is addressed under the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA). It includes safeguards that need to be implemented by a healthcare facility, setting standards to protect the privacy and security of its patients’ health information. Any information communicated by a patient to a health care provider is considered privileged communication and the security and privacy of it is addressed under HIPAA provisions. Patient confidentiality is necessary for building trust between patients and medical professionals. Patients are more likely to disclose health information if they trust their healthcare practitioners, leading to better interactions thus, higher-quality outcomes.

The transmission of HIV from an infected caregiver to a patient during invasive procedures is not a common occurrence however, there is a foreseeable risk. Because of the potential consequence of such transmissions, physicians should not engage in any activity that creates a risk of transmission. The American Medical Association has issued guidance that HIV-infected practitioners undertaking exposure-prone procedures must either disclose this to their patients, obtaining their informed consent prior to treatment or must withdraw from treatment. Although this is not a mandatory requirement and it may differ in every state, I think the disclosure of a HIV positive physician who is performing the exposure-prone procedure should be mandatory while keeping any other personal identifiable information about providers confidential. To establish an informed consent, physicians are required to disclose all the risks that might affect a patient’s treatment decision. Although the risk might be minimum, caregivers not disclosing their HIV status to patients in exposure-prone procedures may be neglecting the disclosure of all the risks involved.

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Patient's Right to Know- Madison Tarpey 

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Patient's Right to Know- Madison Tarpey 

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The AHIMA defines health information as “the data related to a person’s medical history, including symptoms, diagnoses, procedures, and outcomes. A health record includes information such as: a patient’s history, lab results, X-rays, clinical information, demographic information, and notes”. Keeping this type of information confidential is essential to the privacy and safety of patients, as it is sensitive and can be extremely private.

There is a bit of a controversy when it comes to healthcare professionals disclosing information about their own health. Patients may feel like they are entitled to know whether or not their caretaker has AIDS, but healthcare workers deserve and are entitled to the same amount of privacy as their patients. It is understandable that patients would want to know about their cargiver’s AIDS status so that they are aware of any risks of exposure to the disease. I think disclosing information like this would be the morally right thing to do, but healthcare providers are protected by the law in these certain types of situations.

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Health Information and Privacy Carrie Heiert

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Health Information and Privacy Carrie Heiert

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Health Information is the comprehensive medical history of an individual.  The data contained in that individual’s health record acts as a guide for the physician treating them.  It contains information such as vaccination history, illness history, past courses of treatment, and current medications.  It may also contain information documenting the patient’s nature of religious beliefs or dictation of care, such as a Do Not Resuscitate order.

Health Information is protected under the Health Information Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA).  It is designed to protect one’s privacy and security under Federal law.  The information contained in a patient’s health record cannot be shared without the written consent of that patient.

HIPAA laws apply to all individuals, including health care professionals who personally treat patients.  Does a patient’s right to know whether their caregiver has AIDS outweigh that caregiver’s right to privacy and confidentiality?  At one time, I would have said yes.  There was a point in time where there wasn’t a lot of information available about how communicable the disease was or how to treat it.  Getting AIDS once meant it was a death sentence.  While there is still no known cure for AIDS, the advances in medicine and technology have removed the death sentence.  I still believe the patient has the right to know if they are potentially in harm’s way, but without the details that would reveal the identity of the infected healthcare professional or their condition.

I have enough confidence in the healthcare industry that there are adequate measures in place to make the likelihood of transmission of a disease such as AIDS minimal.  Additionally, I have faith and confidence that healthcare professionals who are in direct contact with patients have the ethical and moral commitment to remove themselves if their condition presents a likelihood of harming their patient.   I believe that the privacy and confidentiality that a healthcare worker is entitled to can be upheld while also protecting the individuals they are treating.

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The AHIMA description for health information is, “Health information is the data related to a person’s medical history, including symptoms, diagnoses, procedures, and outcomes. A health record includes information such as: a patient’s history, lab results, X-rays, clinical information, demographic information, and notes.” AHIMA - Health Information. (2021). Health Information and Patient information is protected through HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996.) This act stops the sharing of personal and medical information, history and procedures of current and past patients with other people.

Caregivers who have AIDs are under not special exceptions to disclose any medical information. And to use their medical disability against them is discrimination. People with an AIDs infections know what they must do and how to function in all settings. They also know that they can spread AIDs through blood and sexual contact. I feel like the obligation to disclose their diagnosis is in their hands.

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According to AHIMA, health information is all of the data related to an individual’s medical history including symptoms, diagnoses, procedures, and outcomes. Additionally, the health record includes information such as a patient’s history, lab results, X-rays, clinical information, demographic information, progress notes, health status and prescribed medications. This information can then be reviewed and compared over a period of time to assess if any changes have occurred with a patient’s health status and allow appropriate treatments to be implemented if necessary. These medical laws and ethics are regulated by HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act) to ensure privacy and confidentiality of patient’s information.  This privacy allowed by HIPAA can foster more effective communication between physician and patient, which is essential for quality of care. It can also enhance autonomy of a patient and allow them to be more confident in their decision-making processes related to their medical care as well as seek out care when necessary and know that their information will not be shared without their permission.

In the case of a caregiver’s right to privacy, I believe that the patient they are taking care of has no right to know the PHI of the caregiver.  The caregiver’s diagnosis of AIDs is a private matter and should not be a factor in the care given by the caregiver, as long as the caregiver takes universal precautions for AIDs.  If the patient is aware of the caregiver’s diagnosis of AIDS, the trust and bond that is required for that relationship could be compromised, causing detrimental effects to the patient’s overall well-being, health and safety. The patient may become fearful of receiving care and not allow the caregiver to complete their duties, consequently putting their job in jeopardy by spreading sensitive information to other employees or members of the community. I can relate to my current profession as a physical therapist assistant working with medically compromised patients.  I require their medical history to do my job in an ethically sound manner, so I am aware of their health information including medical diagnoses, medications, family history, prior level of function, etc. This allows me to adjust my treatment plan accordingly so the patient can receive the maximum benefit.  All of this information is protected under HIPAA and I am bound to follow HIPAA rules and regulations, as patients or their POAs have signed a HIPAA consent form. My health information, on the other hand, has no bearing or effect on their eventual outcome.

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Patient's right to know - Cheyenne Crouch

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Patient's right to know - Cheyenne Crouch

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Health information is your personal information about your health. It includes a variety information or opinions ranging from your illnesses, injuries, disabilities, surgeries, prescriptions, dental records, genetic information, appointment and billing details, and may even include your wishes for future health services and potential organ donation. Your health information is protected under medical law and ethics due to HIPAA (health insurance portability and accountability act). It prevents healthcare providers and businesses from disclosing protected and personal information to anyone other than the patient and the patient’s authorized representatives without consent. It does not prevent the patient from voluntarily sharing their health information however they choose or legally require them to maintain confidentiality. It is a controversial topic when it comes to AIDS. A caregiver deserves and has the same rights as a patient due to HIPAA. While it would be considerate to of the caregiver to inform the patient so they could be aware of the risk of exposure, they are not required to disclose that information. There are some states and cities that have partner notification laws that require one to disclose that information to their partner. If one knowingly transmits HIV/AIDS to another individual, they can be charged with criminal exposure, assault with a dangerous weapon, or even attempted murder. If proper PPE (personal protective equipment) is utilized when providing care, there is virtually no risk of transmitting the disease.

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Health Information is any data related to an individual’s medical history. This information includes health status, demographics, notes, diagnosis, procedures, lab results, and X-rays. This is information is protected under medical laws and ethics to ensure privacy and confidentiality of patients information. Every patient has their right privacy when it comes to their own personal information and it is important that patient feels comfortable disclosing information knowing that is confidential. In the long term this helps provide the best care to the patients. HIPAA, and The HIPAA Privacy Rule is set of standards and federal laws that healthcare organizations must follow to ensure the privacy and confidentiality of protected health information.

In this case provide some individuals feel that as the patient they have a right to know if their caregiver has AIDS but that is not true. The caregiver has the same right to privacy as the patient. They can decide whether or not to disclose this information with the patient. This information is not necessary for the caregiver to complete their job role and would not need to be disclosed unless they chose to share this information.

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Ethical Dilemmas Within Healthcare-Angel Grubbs

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Ethical Dilemmas Within Healthcare-Angel Grubbs

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Health information is electronic, health and financial records that are stored and used to optimize patient care. The standards for privacy ensure this protected information is kept confidential. Personal information like test results, diagnoses and demographics can only be shared with the individual without a signed release. Health information is covered under laws to ensure individuals are protected from altered records, to prevent social stigma and to build trusting relationships between physicians and patients.

Controversy can occur when considering the patients right to know information and the caregivers right to keep AIDS diagnosis private. It is against the law to divulge AIDS diagnosis of specific caregiver and the patient has right to know if they were potentially exposed to serious illness. I agree with the supreme courts decision to release partial information in the 1991 case of physician Doe. Due to the sharp instruments surgical procedures increase the risk for infected blood to transmit via surgical wounds. Disclosing the risk of potential transmission to the patient and withholding the caregivers name is acting ethically.

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The protection of heath information is an extremely important law. Included in the privacy rule are diagnoses, treatment information, medical test results, and prescription information. The reasons for protecting the privacy of a patient is numerous. A patient who feels that their information will remain private is more likely to provide more information to their provider.

In addition, caregivers deserve the same amount of privacy to their own medical privacy. As long as PPE is used, as it should be, the risk of transferring any contagious disease, such as AIDS, is very unlikely. A caregiver is a patient as well.

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Health information is any information about a patient that has to do with medical information such as history, tests and lab results, insurance information, their personal information such as the demographics, mental conditions, and clinical information. This is all protected because it is sensitive information, it can give a lot of personal information.It is also important to keep this information protected and confidential in order to maintain a positive relationship with your patient, so they feel comfortable sharing information when they are seeking care. When it comes to whether a patient should know if their caregiver has AIDS, I do not think they need to know if the caregiver is using proper PPEs when providing care. A patient may judge their caregiver if this information was known and may not listen to the information or instructions told to them. At the end of the day a caregiver is a patient of someone as well and their health information should be guarded and respected as well.  If they want to disclose this information, it is up to them to do so.

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Health Information is the data & knowledge that intelligent systems ( human or artificial) use to support their decisions .  Health information helps with treatment decisions by capturing this type of information and the patient outcome improves.  PHI also becomes more efficient to the ways it is captured, processed, communicated, and applied.
As with any PHI, including a positive diagnosis of HIV/AIDs, this should be treated with the highest level of privacy for both the care giver and those that they take care of. Unless there is unusual circumstances which will cause delay patient care, or cause additional exposure, the caregiver has every right not to disclose his/ her own HIV status. The second rule in Medicine after washing your hands, is to treat every person in the medical community as infected with something and to practice safer practices such as using PPE and Universal Precautions.

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AHIMA explains that health information is the data related to a patient’s medical history. This includes symptoms, diagnoses, procedures, and outcomes. A patient’s health information can be viewed on an individual basis to see how that patient’s health has changed. It can also be viewed as part of a larger set of data to understand how a population’s health has changed, and how medical interventions affect the outcomes of health.

Health information is protected under medical law and ethics to give patients confidentiality and privacy. A patient needs confidentiality so they can have complete disclosure with medical staff. Privacy is the right of the individual client or patient to be let alone and to make decisions about how personal information is shared. Courts have upheld doctors’ refusal to disclose sensitive information, and privacy is upheld through HIPPA.

A patient may feel they are entitled to know whether a caregiver has AIDS. However, a caregiver is entitled to the same rights to confidentiality and privacy of health information as everyone else. My thought is some people hold on to the fear and stigma of when AIDS was new and there wasn’t as much information available. Knowing that AIDS is only transferred through body fluids, it should be common knowledge that one is safe in the presence of someone with AIDS. If there is not an accident that puts the patient at risk, there is no need to disclose a caregiver’s AIDS status.

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PHI & Patient's Rights - Alanna Pettersen

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PHI & Patient's Rights - Alanna Pettersen

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AHIMA defines health information as data related to a person’s medical history, including symptoms, diagnoses, procedures, and outcomes. Health information is protected by policies such as the HIPAA Security Rule (which demands safeguards be implemented to ensure the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of PHI), the HIPAA Privacy Rule (which limits the uses and disclosures of PHI), as well as the AHIMA Code of Ethics (whose principles include preserving, protecting, and securing personal health information and defending the consumer’s right to privacy). It’s important to protect health information because a patient’s medical information is personal and private. Protecting patient confidentiality establishes trust between a patient and their provider and that trust leads to better patient outcomes.

Healthcare workers (HCW) are entitled to the same right to privacy as patients when it comes to their personal health information. Mandatory disclosure of their AIDS diagnosis compromises not only the HCWs right to privacy and protection from discrimination, it also does little to enhance the patient’s safety. Studies have shown that the risk of transmission from HCWs to patients is extremely low, especially when universal precautions are followed, so it would be unreasonable to expect an infected HCW to disclose their PHI to every patient.

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Health information is the information related to a person’s medical history, as well as symptoms, diagnoses, procedures, and outcomes. A health record incorporates information such as: a patient’s history, lab results, X-rays, clinical information, demographic information, and notes. Protecting the security of a patient’s health information is important and protected under medical law and ethics. This is because the information may be sensitive or potentially embarrassing for the patient.

When considering a patient’s right to know whether a caregiver has AIDS is a controversial dilemma. It is important to know if your caregiver has AIDS to not risk you possibly getting AIDS but they also have the right to not disclose this information. I would hope this person would morally do the right thing and disclose this information or at least take precaution to ensure the patient doesn’t get AIDS also. With cases like this I feel that there should be ambiguity where you must disclose information that could potentially harm others.

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Rachael Dickow

Health information is any data that relates to the health of an individual. It includes things such as diagnoses, procedures, test results, and family history. It is often kept within a medical record at a physician's office or a healthcare facility, but can be found in other places, such as apps on an electronic device. This information is highly sensitive and its disclosure is a matter of privacy to the patient. Therefore, health information and its disclosure is regulated through laws and is an extremely important ethical consideration for all healthcare employees. HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act) is perhaps the most well known law regarding health information privacy. The law requires that covered entities comply with its provisions to safeguard protected health information. Health information professionals specifically also follow AHIMA's Code of Ethics, which outlines how health information should be shared and protected. It is important that health information is closely guarded, so that patients feel safe sharing information with their providers, which is vital to the patients continued good health and well being.

Disclosure of HIV positive or an  AIDS diagnosis is incredibly sensitive and should only be shared when absolutely necessary. HIV/AIDS is a communicable disease with no cure and high mortality. It is reasonable that patients would feel a right to know if their healthcare provider were positive, so that they would know their potential risk of exposure. However, those healthcare providers also have their own privacy rights to be able to choose when their health information is shared. These competing interests can cause contention. In my opinion, a patient does not have a right to know in all instances that their provider is positive. If the patient was definitely exposed or their was high potential for exposure, then they have the right to know that, but not the right to know who specifically it was. It is the right of the healthcare provider to keep their specific status to themselves and their name is not necessary to be shared to inform a patient they were exposed. Patients can be told that they were potentially exposed and given instructions for prophylaxis and testing. It is never necessary, in my opinion, that they be given the name. The negative social stigma attached to HIV/AIDS makes it vitally important that we protect that community and allow them to share their status as they deem appropriate.

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Emily Justice

Health Information is human information.  the main goal is to Ensure that individuals’ health information is properly protected while allowing the flow of health information needed to provide and promote high quality health care and to protect the public’s health and well-being.

Health care professionals are entitled to the same protection against discrimination under state and federal laws as all other members of society. As health care professionals, they should take all precautions against exposure to, as well as transmission of, the HIV virus by utilizing the recommendations of the DCD, OSHA and DPH. People with HIV infection and AIDS have the right to confidentiality and privacy about their health and HIV status.  Health care professionals are ethically and legally required to keep all information about clients or patients confidential.  Information about a person’s HIV status may not be disclosed to anybody without that person’s fully informed consent.  As a patient and/or health care worker with HIV who is receiving medical care or providing medical care you have certain legal rights. You are entitled to, Reasonable care no matter you race, gender, sexual orientation, ethnicity, national origin, age or source of income.

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 Medical Law and Ethics     Jackline Wairimu

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 Medical Law and Ethics     Jackline Wairimu

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Health information  is information data  relating to the physical or mental health condition of an individual in connection with care. The medical law and ethics protect both the health organization including the physicians and the patient. The laws are meant to protect patient confidentiality. For example, the  federal HIPAA privacy rule provides greater privacy protection for one’s health information. Code of medical ethics requires all healthcare providers to provide competent medical care, with compassion while protecting the patient’s confidentiality without negligence.

In my opinion, as much the patient has a right to choose physicians and the right to trust a caregiver, the patient has no right to the caregiver’s health information. This is because employees also have a right to privacy and confidentiality including health information. Such disclosure might arouse discrimination and  lack of trust between the employee, the employer and the patient. What matters is if the caregiver can perform the duties assigned.

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Importance of Health Information Morgan Richard

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Importance of Health Information Morgan Richard

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Health Information is the data related to a person’s medical history, including symptoms, diagnoses, procedures, and outcomes. This information is used by providers to make the best decisions for a patient, with all documented knowledge. Health Information is protected under medical law and ethics by the HIPAA Privacy Rule which provides federal protections for personal health information. Apatients medical records are protected by law. Medical records can only be shared with the patients consent or for the safety of others. Protecting the data is also important because it contains personal, sensitive, and potentially embarrassing information.

When considering a patient’s right to know whether a caregiver has AIDS and the caregiver’s right to privacy and confidentiality in relation to health information, it can be contreversial. I think it that the caregiver should give disclosure in confidence. I feel it is morally and ethically the right thing to do. It would also be safer. Health care professional work being at risk of contracting viral and bacterial diseases, with his information percautions can be taken.

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Health Information is anything from our age, weight, and vital statistics to a disease diagnosis or medical history.  It is basically anything that a medical provider needs in order to make the best medical decisions for a patient.  Since 1996, HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act) has ensured that patients' medical information remains private unless permission to share is granted by the patient. This protection of information is vital to patients who may be concerned that a medical diagnosis could impact their every day lives.  For instance, an employer may be less likely to hire someone with a chronic illness because it may lead to more sick days taken.

So what about a doctor's right to privacy when it comes to their medical history? It is understandable that a patient would possibly be concerned if they were aware that their physician were infected with HIV. However, I do believe that a doctor should be granted the same rights as a patient in this circumstance. We have come so far in our knowledge of how the virus is transmitted and how it is NOT transmitted. It is not as widely feared in 2021 as it was in the early 80's. This information should absolutely be kept in confidence as the risk of transmission is minuscule.