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Dyrda Mykola

Ukraine is a country located in eastern Europe, the second largest on the continent after Russia.

The capital is Kyiv, located on the Dnieper River in north-central Ukraine.

Ukrainian law states that the colours of Ukrainian flag are"blue and yellow".When the flag was approved in 1992, the dark blue colour was chosen over sky blue for practical reasons: sky blue flags fade very quickly in the sun.

The Day of the National Flag in Ukraine is celebrated on 23 August since 1992.

On February 19, 1992, the Ukrainian parliament, Verkhovna Rada, approved the Small State Emblem of Ukraine – one of the three official symbols of our state.

Republic government approved the trident as an emblem, shaped like a spear with three prongs.

The trident became popular very fast — primarily thanks to its appearance on the banknotes and now is very useful (today, you can see trident on T-shirts everywhere. You can buy souvenirs with it on the streets).

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Viktoria Bezverkha

1. Golden Gate in Kyiv. A very old gate in Kyiv. Long ago, it was the main way into the city.

2. Motherland Monument in Kyiv. A huge statue with a sword and shield. You can see the whole city from the top.

3. St. George’s Cathedral in Lviv. A beautiful old church with golden domes. Many people come here.

4. Pidgoretsky Castle in Lviv.A big and beautiful castle. It looks like one from a fairy tale.

5. Swallow Nest in Crimea. A small castle on a high rock above the sea. It looks magical!

6. Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi Fortress in Odesa. A big stone fortress near the sea. Long ago, knights lived here.

7. Dniester Canyon in Western Ukraine. A beautiful place with high cliffs, a river, and lots of trees.

8. House with Chimaeras in Kyiv.A strange house with many animal statues on it.

9. Aktove Canyon in Mykolaiv. Big rocks and hills. It looks like a small Grand Canyon.

10. Bakota in Khmelnytskyi. A quiet place near the water. There is an old cave church.

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Ukrainian national clothes are a beautiful and special part of our culture.

The most famous clothes are vyshyvanka, embroidered shirts.

The ornaments on it have a special meaning and can be amulets.

There are different types of vyshyvankas: festive, everyday, wedding and ceremonial.

Women wore long shirts, skirts and belts. Men wore shirts, loose pants made of silk, and belts.

Girls decorated their heads with flowers and ribbons.

Married women wore special headdresses - ochypky.

In Ukraine, there are many types of embroidery, and each region has its own unique patterns and colours.

For example:

Borshchiv embroidery has black embroidery.

Poltava embroidery is made with white threads on a white cloth.

Podillia embroidery has geometric ornaments.

Kyiv embroidery is rich in floral ornaments.

Ukrainian clothes were often decorated with beads, silver and lace. Festive clothes were very bright and heavy because of the decorations.

Nowadays, vyshyvanka is worn not only in Ukraine, but all over the world.

Ukrainian clothes show our history, culture and traditions.

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1.The Tunnel of Love is located on a section about 4 km of the railway trask tract that leads from the village of Klevan to the village of Orzhiv.

2.This is a green tunnel in a forest area,formed due to the movement of shunting trains to/from the woodworking plant in Orzhew.On its way through the forest,the locomotive with wagons knocks down branches of trees and bushes.

3.On May20,2017,a Chinese analogue of the tunnel of the love was opened in China near the city of Hefei .

Tourists visit the Tunnel,and festive photo sessions of newlyweds are also organized here.There are several love superstitions associated with this beautiful area.One of them is that the lovers should kiss at the time-when the train passes throungh the tunnel and make a wish for each other without fail.

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Ukrainian music has a rich and diverse history that reflects the country’s cultural heritage. Traditional folk music plays an essential role in Ukrainian culture, with instruments like the bandura, kobza, and tsymbaly being widely used. Folk songs often tell stories of love, nature, and historical events. One of the most famous Ukrainian folk songs is “Shchedryk”, which became known worldwide as “Carol of the Bells”.

In the 19th and early 20th centuries, composers like Mykola Lysenko and Semen Hulak-Artemovsky contributed to the development of classical Ukrainian music. Lysenko is often called the “father of Ukrainian classical music” for his efforts in preserving and promoting national melodies. Ukrainian opera also flourished, with “Zaporozhets za Dunayem” (“A Zaporozhian Beyond the Danube”) being one of the most well-known operas.

Modern Ukrainian music combines traditional elements with contemporary styles such as pop, rock, and electronic music. Artists like DakhaBrakha and ONUKA incorporate folk motifs into their sound, making Ukrainian music recognizable worldwide. The Ukrainian music scene has also gained international attention through the Eurovision Song Contest, with Kalush Orchestra winning in 2022.

Today, Ukrainian music continues to evolve, blending history with innovation and reaching audiences around the world.

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Ukrainian cuisine is diverse and unique.There are many delicious dishes but the most famous is red and green borscht. Red borscht is vegetables soup made from beets, cabbage,tomatoes,

and potatoes.The dish is served with sour cream,garlic and donuts. Green borscht-is a vegetables soup made from potatoes,sorrel,beets,eggs and sour cream.Very tasty dish of Ukrainian cuisine lard is a product of long livers of Ukraine.Dumplings are a dish that is popular both on holidays and on weekdays.Dumplings are with various fillings.And of course bread!! Once you try the national dishes you won't be able to forget them.

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Christmas Eve is called the last day before Christmas - December 24 or January 6, respectively. Recall that on September 1, 2023, the church switched to the new church calendar 2025. In it, the date of Christmas is officially considered to be December 25, and Christmas Eve is December 24

1)Children and young people go to neighbors' homes on Christmas Eve and sing carols, and in return receive treats and coins.

2)It is customary to put twelve lean dishes at the festive dinner. They may vary depending on the family's preferences

3)It is possible and even necessary to work around the house and clean on Christmas Eve, because it is important to celebrate Christmas in a clean house.

3)Christmas is considered the second major holiday after Easter, and many traditions and rituals are associated with it.

4)Traditionally, Christmas is preceded by a long forty-day fast that begins on November 15 and ends on December 24. The fast is called Pylipov's because it begins after the day of St. Pylip. During this period, believers refuse to consume certain foods to purify their body and soul. During this fast, it is forbidden to eat meat, dairy dishes, as well as eggs.

5)The celebration of Christmas begins when the first star appears in the sky, which announced the birth of Jesus Christ.

6)According to tradition, housewives in Ukraine prepare 12 fasting dishes in honor of the 12 apostles. One of the traditional dishes - kutya - is prepared from rice or wheat, supplemented with raisins, poppy seeds, nuts and honey. There had to be borscht, fish, mushrooms, dumplings with beans and cabbage, potatoes, and uzvar.

7)This rich, but sungy dinner, the hostess presents the most important fruits of the field, garden and garden. As if he gives a report to the new year for his wealth in

8)At this time, the owner goes to drink the cattle, gives them fresh hay and lays new straw. Then he throws the snow off the house, clears the paths and carefully examines the entire household

9)As soon as the first evening star appeared in the sky, the whole family sat down at what was said to be a rich table. He was really rich

10)The first, as it should be, was occupied by the owner, followed by other family members. The meal on the pre-Christmas evening begins with a prayer, and then a kuti

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1.Ukrainian art has a rich history that dates back to ancient times.

2.The traditions of Ukrainian folk art are deeply connected to the rural life of the country.

3. One of the most famous forms of Ukrainian art is the colorful embroidery known as "vyshyvanka."

4. Ukrainian painters like Taras Shevchenko and Ivan Aivazovsky are renowned for their work.

5. The influence of Orthodox Christianity is visible in many Ukrainian religious paintings and icons.

6. The vibrant colors and intricate patterns of Ukrainian ceramics are also part of the country's cultural heritage.

7.Ukrainian artists often draw inspiration from the natural landscapes of their homeland.

8. Modern Ukrainian art continues to evolve, combining traditional elements with contemporary styles.

9. Ukrainian folk music, which accompanies many forms of visual art, is also an essential part of the culture.

10. The Ukrainian art scene is gaining international recognition, with more exhibitions held abroad.

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Viktoria Bezverkha

1. Saint Sophia Cathedral (Kyiv) A beautiful ancient church with golden domes and amazing frescoes.

2. Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra (Kyiv) A famous monastery with underground caves where monks lived many years ago.

3. Lviv Opera House (Lviv) One of the most beautiful theatres in Europe, where you can watch ballet and opera.

4. Khotyn Fortress (Chernivtsi region) A medieval fortress on the Dnister River with high walls and a great history.

5. Chernivtsi University (Chernivtsi) A university that looks like a fairytale castle and is a UNESCO heritage site.

6. Odesa Opera and Ballet Theatre (Odesa) A stunning theatre with elegant architecture and exciting performances.

7. Tunnel of Love (Rivne region)A magical green tunnel formed by trees, perfect for romantic walks.

8. Sofiyivka Park (Uman) A beautiful park with lakes, fountains, and statues, created as a gift of love.

9. Khortytsia Island (Zaporizhzhia) The largest island on the Dnipro River, known as the home of the Ukrainian Cossacks.

10. Derman-Ostroh National Park (Rivne region) A peaceful place with forests, hills, and old monasteries.

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1. Largest Country in Europe: Ukraine is the largest country entirely within Europe, covering an area of 603,628 square kilometers

2. Sunflower Power: The sunflower is Ukraine's national flower. The country is one of the world's leading producers of sunflower seeds and sunflower oil. Fields of sunflowers are a common and beautiful sight in Ukraine.

3. Breadbasket of Europe: Ukraine has incredibly fertile land, particularly its "chernozem" or black soil, which makes up a large percentage of the world's supply. This has earned it the nickname "Breadbasket of Europe" as it's a major exporter of grains.

4. Seven UNESCO World Heritage Sites: Ukraine boasts seven incredible sites recognized by UNESCO for their cultural or natural significance.

5. Deepest Metro Station: Kyiv's Arsenalna station is one of the deepest metro stations in the world, reaching 105.5 meters (346 feet) below ground level. It was built during the Cold War era and designed to potentially serve as a bomb shelter.

6. Home of the "Carol of the Bells": The popular Christmas carol "Carol of the Bells" is actually based on a traditional Ukrainian folk song called "Shchedryk."

7. Unique Language: The Ukrainian language is a distinct East Slavic language with its own alphabet and grammar.

8. Cradle of Eastern Slavic Civilization: Kyiv, the capital of Ukraine, is considered one of the oldest cities in Eastern Europe and a cradle of Eastern Slavic civilization.

9. World's Largest Aircraft: The Antonov An-225 Mriya, the largest and heaviest aircraft ever built, was designed and built in Ukraine.

10. Rich Cultural Traditions: Ukraine has a vibrant culture with unique traditions, including beautiful folk costumes, intricate Easter egg decoration, and a rich tradition of folk music and dance.

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