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Court ruled against the Nazis, established the limits of the first amendment(cannot cause disruption or danger in a community).

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A lie that is damaging to someone's reputation.

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A spoken(slander) or written(libel) defamatory statement.

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Grants citizenship to everyone born or naturalized in America(former slaves) and guaranteed equal protection under the law.

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Prevents the government from putting too harsh of a penalty on criminals(excessive bail, excessive fines, cruel or unusual punishment).

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Extends trial by jury to more than just criminal trials(law suits).

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Speech directed at overthrowing the government.

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Guarantees the rights of criminals like the right to a public trial without unnecessary delay, the right to a lawyer, the right to an impartial jury and to know the nature of the charges and evidence against you.

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Court decided relocating Japanese Americas into internment camps during WWII was constitutional.

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Guarantees the right to a grand jury, prevents double jeopardy and protects against self incrimination.

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Segregation as a result of societal differences without actual laws creating segregation.

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Prevents unreasonable searches and seizures and requires a search warrant supported by probable cause.

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Protects the right to bear arms in order to protect yourselves.

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Protects freedoms of speech, religion, assembly, press and the right to petition.

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Court decided prayers during a school function were unconstitutional, established the Lemon Test which determines if a school is in violation of the establishment clause.

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Censorship imposed by the government that prevents free expression by a particular group.

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Clause in the first amendment that protects freedom of religion.

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A standard of review applied by courts to questions of constitutional law.

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Court decided states have to provide a defense attorney to defendants who cannot afford them.

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Court decided that segregation was constitutional, "separate but equal".

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Court decided having lived in a slave state and moving to a free state did not give a slave their freedom and as property, Scott was not a citizen and could not sue in a federal court.

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Court decided a women has the constitutional right to an abortion without government restriction.

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Prevented discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex or nationality; strengthened voting rights for minority groups and desegregation of schools.

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State/local laws that enforced racial segregation in the South.

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Policies and practices that favor individuals from groups that have been discriminated against.

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Used to prevent African Americans from voting during Jim Crow and before.

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Court decided that evidence obtained in an illegal search or seizure(fourteenth amendment) is insignificant and unusable.

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Clause in the fourteenth amendment, prevents states from denying any person in its jurisdiction equal protection under the law.

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Court decided criminal suspects must be informed of their constitutional(fifth amendment) right to an attorney before police questioning to prevent self-incrimination, established Miranda rights

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Court decided state laws establishing segregation in public schools are unconstitutional, even if the segregated schools are the same quality.

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Court decided prayers in public schools violated the establishment clause in the first amendment, protected religious freedom.

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A constitutional doctrine that makes the Bill of Rights applicable to the states.

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Actions that purposefully and discernibly convey a particular message or statement to those viewing it.

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University of California v. Bakke, court ruled a university's use of racial "quotas" in its admissions process was unconstitutional, but using "affirmative action" to accept more minority applicants was constitutional in some circumstances.

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Authorities have reason to arrest or search a suspected criminal with a warrant.

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Segregation based on local laws that mandate the segregation

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Unfairly reviewing a subject in court based on illegal discrimination.

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Protected under the first amendment, expression of ideas about a political issue or official.

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Clause in the fifth amendment that prevents an individual from being tried twice for the same crime.

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The state must respect all legal rights that are owed to a person, fair treatment.

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Clause in the first amendment that protects freedom of religion.

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A constitutional rule that prevents the use of illegally obtained evidence in a criminal trial.