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"Read" a text, any text, from our website. Thoroughly answer one question from each part. Make sure to add the video to your post or explicitly reference it in your response.

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"Read" a text, any text, from our website. Thoroughly answer one question from each part. Make sure to add the video to your post or explicitly reference it in your response.

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Readers, Writers and Text:

1. ​Why and how do we study language and literature?

2. How are we affected by texts in various ways?

3. In what ways is meaning constructed, negotiated, expressed and interpreted?

4. How does language use vary amongst text types and amongst literary forms?

5. How does the structure or style of a text affect meaning?

6. How do texts offer insights and challenges?

Time and Space:

1. How important is cultural or historical context to the production and reception of a text?​

2. How do we approach texts from different times and cultures to our own?

3. To what extent do texts offer insight into another culture?

4. How does the meaning and impact of a text change over time?

5. How do texts reflect, represent or form a part of cultural practices?

6. How does language represent social distinctions and identities?

Intertextuality:

1. How do texts adhere to and deviate from conventions associated with literary forms or text types?

2. How do conventions and systems of reference evolve over time?

3. In what ways can diverse texts share points of similarity?

4. How valid is the notion of a classic text?

5. How can texts offer multiple perspectives of a single issue, topic or theme?

6. In what ways can comparison and interpretation be transformative?

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MRS. H'S IB ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE

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MRS. H'S IB ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE

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Readers, Writers and Text:
6. Meaning can be constructed, negotiated, expressed, and interpreted by showing different varieties of something. For example, the Batman character has been interrupted many times in different lights. In some he was a father figure, in others he was a dark protector, and in a few, he was a monster. This current Batman shows another interpretation of the character, and that is him being a detective, one that is solving a mystery and stopping crime.
Time and Space:
4. The meaning and impact of a text can change over time by what type of time the text is being studied or made in. The Batman trailer is dark and have a noir feel, while some of the first few issues of Batman as a whole was colorful and bright.
Intertextuality
6.Comparison and interpretation can be transformative by seeing how something was before. The Batman trailer shows a Batman that is young and learning the ropes, which will be significant to how he will later behave once he gets older.

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Readers, Writers, and Text:
2. Being black in America, this text was directly speaking to my reality. I was able to relate to many of the comments he was referring to.

Time and Space:
3. This text gives a person of another race a perspective of black privilege, meaning his experiences in life would not allow him to fully understand being black or black privilege so his accusations in the text are somewhat up for questioning.

Intertextuality:
6.By comparing Black privilege to white privilege the text is up for interpretation, which may result in viewers believing that he is either bashing black people for those reasons or praising black people for his reasons stated in the text.

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Readers, Writers, and Text:
6. In Ocasio-Cortez's response, she challenges men's accountability for poor behavior and gives insight on how many women fall victim to harassment. Representative Yoho was comfortable with verbally abusing Ocasio-Cortez at the capital. Representative Roger Williams was present during the incident, but did not step in when it was needed. This was a visual representation of the culture of impunity among men. Men do not acknowledge the damage that they are reinforcing in future generations and only continue to build this pattern of hatred. Instead of formally apologizing, Representative Yoho deflected. Men do not hold themselves or others accountable for their poor behavior, but instead continue to abuse women by using them as an excuse. Ocasio-Cortez has experienced dehumanizing actions as a waiter up to a congresswoman, showing that despite the differing positions that she has held, she is not safe from harassment that men easily participate in. Women are constantly being victimized by men no matter their age or position and men consistently allow other men to scrape by without having to take responsibility.

Time and Space:
1. Historically, men have held power over structural systems and have ignored or silenced women. For Representative Yoho to be excused for his behavior shows that men still have majority power in the system and that the feelings of women can easily be ignored. People involved in the system continue to protect themselves and continue to allow poor behavior to run through the system because they see themselves in Representative Yoho. When Ocasio-Cortez expresses these same views, she is expressing how this behavior is still relevant and is still being enforced. It is a generational mindset that needs to be broken.

Intertextuality:
5. Ocasio-Cortez mentions how she is a daughter, a congresswoman, a person who rides the subway, and so on, but still experienced harassment by men. It does not matter what kind of woman someone is, they can still fall victim to men in a system that allows deplorable behavior to slide by.

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4. Language and use varies because he changes syntax when portraying different people. Like his grandma, Rosa parks, the janitor.

1. The cultural and historical context is important because Stevenson is deconstructing through a race and class lens

5. Stevenson analyzes multiple opinions on injustice and specifically the death penalty

Donovan Elahee

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Readers, Writers, and Text:
6. The text offers insights and challenges into the English language and its many different dialects. Throughout the video, Lyiscott emphasizes the importance of embracing her three different versions of speaking. She uses those different versions of speaking in a professional setting, a social setting, and a familial setting. However, she is not afraid or ashamed to mix her different versions of speaking and the different settings, because she is "articulate". Meaning she is confident in her ability to switch her tongue, without letting it affect her character. She is confident in this ability because Lyiscott and her people were stripped of their diverse culture and history. And that diverse culture and history were replaced with harsh racial stereotypes that she must overcome and form into her own narrative.

Time and Space:
6.  Due to Lyiscott's and her people's language, culture, and history being stolen, Lyiscott has to use what is left to form her own narrative. The ability to speak a different version of the English language has allowed Lyiscott to bond with a select group of people. A group of people that can understand and relate to her experiences with society. And when people try to criticize her and her people for their "broken English", she has to remind them of theirs as well.

Intertextuality:
4. The validity of Lyiscott's claims in her Ted Talk holds. No one can tell her if she is right or if she is wrong, because it is based on her experiences. Growing up, she had to learn that society will always have it out for her and her people. And instead of sub coming to their images of her, she must embrace who she truly is and what she represents.

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He Readers, Writers, and Text:

6. How do texts offer insights and challenges?

"What is Love?" offers insights and challenges into the way love is regarded  in our society. Will Smith explains this idea by discussing the ways in which we, as humans, misinterpret love. Often times, love is viewed in a transactional manner, with one person's expectations being the determining factor of the success of the relationship. Smith provides insight into this misconception by comparing the longing for love to a desire to have one's cup filled, leading to frustration when those desires are not fulfilled. Rather than using a person's love as means of self-satisfaction, Smith challenges his audience's interpretation of love by offering an opposing perspective. He remarks that love should be more similar to a gardener's relationship with a flower. A gardener plants a flower with the intentions of allowing the flower to blossom and cultivate into what it is designed, by nature, to be. In this relationship, there is no demanding done by the gardener with expectations of how the flower should grow for their benefit. In offering an opposition to the audience's perspective of love, the text intends to change the ways in which we interpret love in our society, to better our personal relationships. It is in this way that texts can offer insights and challenges.

Time and Space:

5. How does the meaning and impact of a text change over time?

A text has the capability of going unchanged for years while still providing numerous interpretations and meanings to be stemmed from its core. The only aspect that changes over time is the audience who may mature to find new meanings to the old text. In "What is Love?", Will Smith explains the text's main purpose which is to oppose the common notion of love within our society. One of Smith's major arguments in the text is that love should be L.U.V. and stand for listening, understanding, and validating the other person of the relationship. Smith provides this acronym to indicate the components that a successful relationship is comprised of; however, there is a certain level of maturity and insight that goes into its proper execution. A child having little experience with creating mutually beneficial relationships may not absorb the message of the text as significantly as they might years later, with more relationship experience. While it is possible to find meaning within the text at any age, the impact of the text changes significantly as an older audience uses their accumulated knowledge to effectively grasp the ideas of the text.

Intertextuality:

6. In what ways can comparison and interpretation be transformative?

Comparison and interpretation are offered in the various perspectives provided by a text. In "What is Love?", Will Smith compares a common conception of love with what he feels should be the true meaning of the word. The text uses love as a transaction and love defined as help to compare perceptions of love. It is from this comparison that the audience can develop their interpretations of what they define as love. Texts, when providing comparative insight for audience interpretation, allows for transformations in audience perspective to be made.

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Cameron Ages- Batman Trailer by MovieClips Trailers

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Cameron Ages- Batman Trailer by MovieClips Trailers

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1. How are we affected by texts in various ways?

Literary Text can have different meanings and connotations in texts provided, for the Batman Trailer, I believe that the text was used in a way not only to of course advertise the Batman movie, but also create this sense of dread in the air, the idea that what happens in the theater will be something that you need to see as it can cause an impact on your thoughts on literature as a whole.

2. How important is cultural or historical context to the production and reception of a text?

The historical context to the production of a text is very important in my opinion as it is needed if someone already does not understand the context behind it, for instance, The Batman Movie's context of having several movies as references and possibly even the Joker movie as pre-context of what is going to happen now .

3. How valid is the notion of a classic text?

The idea of a classic text represents a text that in my opinion is one that has

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Aaron Williams - What it was like to grow up under China's one child policy

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Aaron Williams - What it was like to grow up under China's one child policy

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Readers, Writers, and Text
6. Text offers insight by exposing different cultures and ideals to us besides the one's that are forced upon us during our daily activity. Literature does not discriminate, and shows it self in every corner of the world, therefore providing those who indulge in it with hundreds, even thousands of new perspectives and ways of life. Text offers challenges when it reveals unknown frames of reference that we don't know how to approach, causing us to broaden our outlook on what literature has to offer. Leaving our comfort zone forces us to grow academically as well as morally.

Time and Space
3. Text can offer plenty of insight into another culture, depending on the approach of the author as well as the comprehension skills of the reader. You can gain knowledge on other lifestyles and cultures just through reading and watching texts, but it ceases to provide insight at a certain point. This point is understanding what it is like to be apart of that ethnic group or culture. For example, you can read novels and watch documentaries about the way Native Americans used to hunt buffalo, but without hunting buffalo with Native Americans, you can never truly understand what it's like to be apart of that. You can never gain that personal insight without the personal experience that's needed.

Intertextuality
3. Diverse texts can show points of similarity through the way they're delivered, as well as they're underlying theme. One novel written in Venezuela can deliver the same message as a movie produced in South Korea, without having the same storyline or even being written in two totally different tongues. Much of literature is up to the interpretation of the reader, but typically the overall them of a text can not be disputed among scholars.

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Readers, Writers and Text:  3.) In what ways is meaning constructed, negotiated, expressed and interpreted?

Meaning can be constructed, negotiated, expressed and interpreted by looking at texts from different points of view. For example in the video Black Privilege the meaning of black privilege was expressed by a caucasian male who wouldn't know anything about black privilege because he isn't black so he can't speak on the privilege that blacks have. The meaning of black privilege can be interpreted different depending on the audience for example if an African American was watching the video many would disagree with some of those privileges he said we have because unlike him African Americans are privy to the disadvantage that African Americans have in comparsion to a caucasian watching they would agree with alot of the things he said because they believe in many of the things he was talking about.

Time and Space: 1.) How important is cultural or historical context to the production and reception of a text?

Cultural and historical context is very important in the production and reception of a text. In the video Black Privilege he did a horrible job relating it back to historical and cultural context of where he got black privilege from for example he talked about how football and basketball players are mainly made up of African-Americans men but he didn't go back to historical context which was that African Americans were slaves and would have to be stronger and bigger because they had to pick cotton and take care of the cattle which would make them stronger and bigger and African Americans would make every generation to come after them stronger and bigger also he just talked about the disadvantages caucasians have because they aren't as athletic but they never had to be athletic to begin with so being athletic isn't a privilege if he looked at why we are so athletic and strong. Another example would be his comment of hip hop that all we have to do is rhyme and talk about people to make money while they have to learn how to play instruments just for someone to listen but if he did his research and knew that rap was a form of expression and not just people rhyming and talking about someone but it was a way for people to express their feelings and tell people about their struggles in life.

Intertextuality: 5.) How can texts offer multiple perspectives of a single issue, topic or theme?

In the video Black Privilege a caucasian male is trying to look at the privilege of African Americans from an African American point of view but he has never lived a day in an African Americans shoes so he can not truly speak on the privilege of African American. He's getting his fact from what he has heard or seen and trying to look at it from a different perspective than his own. He's looking at the privilege from his viewpoint but if you ask someone else their opinion on black privilege they may have a totally different response than his in the video.

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Kelley Collier: The Batman Teaser Trailer by DC Comics

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Kelley Collier: The Batman Teaser Trailer by DC Comics

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Readers, Writers, and Texts

5. How does the structure or style of a text affect meaning?

When it comes to movies, especially ones about heroes and villains, their trailers tend to introduce the villains first in order to get the audience intrigued about the plot. At the beginning of "The Batman" trailer, there is a scene of a serial killer taping up the face of his murdered victim. DC fans will immediately recognize that the masked criminal is the famous Batman villain, The Riddler, due to his green coat and use of riddles to send Batman a message. Now, the audience is already thinking of how Batman will defeat the bad guy.

Time and Space
5. How do texts reflect, represent or form a part of cultural practices?

Authors and producers tend to create work with cultural beliefs and practices personal to their own lives. Similar to American culture, Gotham (location of The Batman) is a city filled with political corruption and it's featured several times in this trailer. When the police arrive at the crime scene, the trailer cuts to a wall of newspapers with the word "LIES" written all over it. The newspapers on the wall are celebrating the re-election of Gotham's mayor, who is most likely the murder victim who has the words "NO MORE LIES" written on his taped up face. The villain is clearly trying to expose the underlying political corruption infesting his city. America also has a long history of political corruption so it's not surprising that it is a plot device used in The Batman.

Intertextuality
5. How can texts offer multiple perspectives of a single issue, topic or theme?

Many pieces literature offer multiple ways of interpreting themselves and superhero movies, specifically, have lately been giving their villains a somewhat righteous mindset so the plot isn't plainly good vs. evil. For example, The Batman trailer featured a villain that was fighting corruption in Gotham, however the ways in which he was doing it was extremely unlawful. In the trailer, he says, "If you are justice, please do not lie. What is the price of your blind eye?" The Riddler is distinctly using the "blind as a bat" reference to describe Batman ignoring the issue of corruption, while still posing as a hero of justice. So it's honestly difficult which side to root for in this movie because it offers multiple virtuous causes to support.

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The Batman Teaser Trailer (2021) | Movieclips Trailers

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Reader, writers, and text

5. The structure and style of a text affect the meaning of a text heavily. Using common language and lay terms while educating the public makes the speaker seem more relatable. The way in which Doctor Vuong spoke during the video allowed the audience to better understand the information being relayed. His use of a visual representation helped further confirm the audience's understanding of how Covid-19 affects and eventually kills someone.

Time and Space
4. Through the progression of the Covid-19 virus, the interpretation of the virus has changed tremendously. When the virus first came to light US citizens did not even acknowledge it as a possible threat to the country. A few months later the virus was compared to the flu even while causing schools and lots of the country to shut down. After this many died due to the virus and people are still feeling the effects of it even while phasing into "normal" life.

Intertextuality
5. Text such as this one use different sources/perspectives to explain how Covid-19 works. The use of a doctor and federal organization furthers the confidence of the reader by ensuring the credibility of the information. The multiple perspectives also play a role in eliminating some bias by giving the audience the option of comparing these sources to seek the truth.

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Jaala Stokes-Why we must stop dancing to the sound of our own oppression

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Jaala Stokes-Why we must stop dancing to the sound of our own oppression

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Reader, writers and text

How does the structure and style of a text affect meaning?

The structure of Madame Gandhi's work "we must stop dancing to the beat of our own oppression" lends itself to the meaning of her work greatly. Ghandi structures her work as both a speech and a series of physical demonstrations, while also mixing anecdotal storytelling into her presentation. For example, she leads with "sometimes when I'm taking a fitness class" when talking about the sort of degrading music that is played on modern radio. These factors help her argument sounds like its coming from a place of genuine concern, and that she is describing a lived experience rather than a nebulous or amorphous phenomenon. This has the effect of her words feeling less like a description of something that is happening and more like an invitation to change it.

Time and space

How does language represent social distinctions and identities?

The language used within Madame Ghandi's work is very casual and loose-fitting, showcasing the modern, liberal perspective from which this issue is being viewed. Phrases like "queer vibes" and "turn up" are featured throughout the text, and they remind us of the author's ties to the social scene in which the problems she describes originate, as well as her broader identity as an activist and creative person. This has the effect of making her criticisms seem more genuine, as the personal experience she brings to the table brings the audience context that might've been lost if her language was more generic or academic.

Intertextuality

How do texts adhere to and deviate from conventions associated with literary forms or text types?

Gandhi's previosuly mentioned use of language and demonstration in her text deviates from the conventional presentation of literary forms. Whereas a normal literary work would strive to clearly demonstrate its point through argument alone, Ghandi takes an approach that is more personal and unconventional. She tells stories about her personal experience with the issue at hand, uses non-academic language to prove her social understanding of the issue, and demonstrates through song how the problem she is describing can be alleviated with better lyrical choices.

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Readers, Writers and Text
How does the structure or style of a text affect meaning?

The way we structure a text is aligned with the way we structure meaning. This means that whenever a writer, performer, directer, or artist makes stylistic changes, the meaning is also affected as a result. In "Truvada Commercial (Not HD)," the visuals were designed to spark interest but also recognize all possible societal categories. This was implemented throughout the commercial with the many individual perspectives from many different backgrounds and associations. There was a straight black couple, a black gay male couple, a white gay male couple, a transgender man, and also a presumably foreign gay man. What does this mean? This allows the audience to be broadened, which implies that HIV is contractable for practically anyone and aims to influence that prevention for this virus be a priority no matter the identification.

Time and Space
To what extent do texts offer insight into another culture?

The "Truvada Commercial (Not HD)" delivers an array of cultural normalities within  society. Implying that HIV and HIV prevention is multicultural, this visual text images several different traditional practices linked with cultures across Truvada's intended audience. For example, the black lady and the barbecue. This scene gives insight to an event usually conducted from people of color in America. Also, the foreign homosexual male can be seen playing soccer, which is typically a highly enjoyed cultural sport in particular countries. Another example would be LGBTQIA+ culture representation with the homosexual black male dancing. This offers insight to the stereotype that gay males usually dance, cheer or interact in a sport that would be considered feminine. Nevertheless, these concepts are used to explore the audience's relations and highlight the listeners they attempt to reach.

Intertextuality
In what ways can diverse texts share points of similarity?

Diverse texts most likely share separate ideas, language and purposes. However, it is common within texts that this purpose is emphasized clearly, respectfully and often. In this case, "Truvada Commercial (Not HD)" has an intention to persuade people to buy this HIV prevention pill. Similar to other texts, the creator's purpose is to influence and educate its listeners to an extent of agreement. Mainly, the theme that this virus has no name on it is often replicated in different ways throughout other texts. I say this to mean that texts typically attempt to appeal to all audiences, and with this, strengthen the meaning clearly, respectfully and often.

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Ciara Bell - "How Can We Win" Black Lives Matter Analogy

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Ciara Bell - "How Can We Win" Black Lives Matter Analogy

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Reader, Writer, and Text
How do texts offer insights and challenges?
- Texts offer insights and challenges by presenting and explaining the reasoning behind black struggles. In "How Can We Win", Kimberly Jones says "when we focus on the what we're looting rather than why we're looting, that's when it becomes a problem.". This comment puts the emphasis on how white people decide to look at the actions black people do rather than the circumstances black people are forced to be in. Most black people are put into positions where their only option is to fight or resort to unjust means to get what they want. Black people are more likely to be stereotyped as thieves, servants, and entertainment for other races. This is how Jones explains black people looting. It's not that black people want to steal or take from rich companies, it's that black people are disadvantaged and expected to accept it. When Jones says, "... getting the things that we flaunted and flashed in our face... is to walk through a broken glass window to get it." she repeatedly emphasizes the disadvantages black people experience in America. Rather than black people being able to walk through a door to get what they want, they have to enter by unruly means like breaking a glass door or burning down a building. Because some black people aren't allowed to thrive or succeed in everyday institutions, they're only resort is to force themselves into facilities or institutions to get what they need because it wasn't given or expected to be given to them.

Time and Space
How important is cultural or historical context to the production and reception of a text?
- Cultural or historical context is very important to the reception of "How Can We Win" because it further reinforces the disrespect and lack of equality black people in America face everyday. Jones states, "Economics were the reason black people were brought to this country. We came to do the agricultural work in the South and the textile work in the North." She references this historical point to show that black people were never expected to flourish in America. Being that black people were forced to come to America, black people were never allowed to have anything for themselves. And with them constantly being at the "bottom of the totem pole", they never get to advance in American institutions. The status of black liberation has stayed stagnant for at least 400 years. This highlights the struggle black people have to try to survive in a "white man's world." This is why Jones represents the struggles for black people through an analogy of a game of Monopoly. The way that black people have to "play" on white people's terms and conditions and then white people expect them to fend for themselves without proper equipment or preparation for the struggles of the life the white people have built.

Intertextuality
How can texts offer multiple perspectives of a single issue, topic or theme?
- "How Can We Win" provides multiple perspectives on the issue of looting. Jones explains that the reason black people loot isn't because they want to take and be thieves, but because that's their only option. Her perspective on looting is in contrast to many pacifists and affluent black people. These groups usually expect black people to be silent or okay with the mistreatment of them. Jones shifts the focus off of what black people are actually physically taking and emphasizing the reason black people have to use such forceful means to get what they need and the issue with why they have to.

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Reader, Writer, Text
2. How are we affected by texts in various ways?

The goal of the Black is King is to let black americans to rise up and build a legacy for our race and a better version of ourselves. building a strong community between each other and within our own household. Black is King includes powerful visuals designed to evoke emotion from the audience, which it does. The trailer even features the mother land. The audience being remined of its roots and what it looks like if black people could rise up together really does evoke a sense of pride and motivation to start doing better.
Time and Space
2. How do we approach texts from different times and cultures to our own?

We the audience do not have to watch the trailer in 2020 or whenever it is it was put out into the world. The trailer could be created in way to resonate with the current times but there is no way of telling the affect it will have 50 years later. As time goes on different things about the world changes. Social systems and social norms can change from the time the Black is King trailer aired. For example, had this trailer came out in 1850 or so, the audience back then would tilt their heads wondering why there were so many women involved in the video. Around that time period women were being oppressed heavily and didn't get opportunities to do things like that.
Intertextuality
5. How can texts offer multiple perspectives of a single issue, topic or theme?
In the trailer, there is more than one person speaking and there is more than one person shown. That is good way to offer multiple perspectives on a single topic, Black is king. The audience gets the chance to hear different views or opinions from the different people speaking. When it comes to what is being shown, there are different classes of people. We see kings and queens then we also see just regular citizens. People from different classes can have different perspectives on a topic because they are seeing it from different stand points.

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-Ideas worth spreading (yellow yr2)
Readers Writers & Text
2. How are we affected by text in various of ways ?
- We can be affected by text by the way there are written and how the story or information being told is being informed respectfully or disrespectfully. For example in “Idea’s worth spreading” the speaker speaks on how if we don’t tell our own narratives someone will speak them for us and will get them wrong and put out the stereotypes that we know aren’t apart of us. This can offend people of a certain ethnicity or race along with tell false narratives about a large group of people.

Time and Space
6. How does language represent social distinctions and identities?
- Language can represent social distinctions and identities positively or negatively. In the Ted Talk music is described to be a form of where someone can be spoke on negatively and emphasize the oppression those have to go through. However, music can also be used and made to wear it uplifts and mellows out others in a positive way without empathizing ones oppressions.

Intertextuality

5. How can text offer multiple perspectives of a single issue, topic or theme?
- Text can offer multiple perspective of a single issue, topic or theme based off how it is told and perceived by the readers. Someone can read an article or listen to a song and can feel that is positive or non offensive based off there personal emotions and response to what they are consuming however, another individual can listen or read the same things and find it offensive or degraded based off there personal values and morals

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Reader, Writers, & Text
2. We are affected by texts in a variety of ways. For example, COVID-19 travels down your breathing tract. Your mouth, nose, throat, and lungs are part of the airway. Your lungs can get inflamed, making it difficult for you to breathe. This will lead to pneumonia and inflammation within the lungs of the narrow air sacs (called alveoli), where the blood mixes oxygen and carbon dioxide. The signs conclude in a cough and a fever for many other people. Over eight in 10 cases are moderate. But the infection is getting more serious for others. They get lightheadedness from 5 to 8 days after symptoms started.
Time & Space
4. The text's meaning and impact changed over time as more information about COVID-19 became prevalent. At the beginning of the pandemic, many were unaware of the nature of COIVD and instilled a lot of fear into people around the world. For example, at first, people believed that the virus similar to the flu and that it was airborne, but over time it was revealed that it is different from the Flu and is actually more deadly. Another example would be how researchers believed that the virus was targeting older people, but now the virus is getting contracted by young adults more than anything.
Intertextuality
5. Texts offer multiple perspectives of a single issue, topic, or theme by allowing the author to further elaborate on a topic while including multiple sources. In the text, the author spends time establishing his credibility as a doctor as he provides insight into the topic of COVID-19. The author also shared information from government agencies such as the CDC, who provided a different viewpoint about the text.

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HOW COVID-19 KILLS--I'm a Surgeon--And Why We Can't Save You

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Tatyana Jones: “How Can We Win” Black Lives Matter Analogy 

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Tatyana Jones: “How Can We Win” Black Lives Matter Analogy 

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Readers, Writers, and Text
6. How do texts offer insights and challenges?

Texts offer insights and challenges by explaining and answering issues. In “How Can We Win" Kimberly Jones states, “Why do you burn down your community? Why do you burn down your own neighborhoods? Its not ours! We don’t own anything!”. Jones gives listeners the answer on why African Americans are rioting and looting. She explains that rioting and looting occur because African Americans don’t have or own anything therefore, why should it matter to them if they are destroying and stealing property.

Time and Space

1. How important is cultural or historical context to the production and reception of a text?

Historical context is important to the production and reception of a text because it gives the reason why a text is being created and received. In “How Can We Win" Kimberly Jones explains, “...we came to do agriculture in the south and textiles in the north”. In this statement Jones is discussing slavery. Therefore, if the listener does not understand the concept of slavery they will not recognize the reason why she is justifying looting and people being desperate for materialistic items.

Intertextuality
6. In what ways can comparison and interpretation be transformative?

Comparison and interpretation can be transformative by providing the reader with the author’s perspective. In " How Can We Win" Jones used a metaphor comparing America’s economy to the board game Monopoly. When Jones used this metaphor she explained that African Americans were unable to play Monopoly for 400 years then 50 years later the game was only played on the terms of white Americans. Then, African Americans were finally considered an equal opportunist. As a result, of this unfair game African Americans will never be able to catch up to white Americans’ economic wealth. Which ultimately can give the reader a different perspective and interpretation of why looting is occurring during the time of outrage in America.

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2. I am affected by this text by being able to relate to it. This text let me know that I am not the only one going through what I go through in everyday life. This allows for a connection despite whether or not I truly know the author.

1. Cultural or Historical context is always relevant to the production and reception of the text because it opens up past details and evidence as to why things are during the present time of the text. Though I feel as if the man in the video could not necessarily relate back to a lot of historical contexts, maybe because he cannot relate or had not done the proper research.

5. I think that texts can offer multiple perspectives in many different ways. For example in the video "Black Privilege" to my knowledge, it is a caucasian male attempting to inform the public on something he could never truly get a grasp of while using his own opinion. This clearly shows a different perspective on a topic because there are many other people that can present a totally different answer on this exact topic.

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Readers, Writers, and Text:
6. How does language use vary amongst text types and amongst literary forms?

Different text types and literary forms often have vastly different purposes and methods of achieving their purpose that require distinct uses of language. Different literary forms and text types such as songs or novels use different types of language to best convey their purpose to their audience. Whereas a song might use imagery and repetition to convey meaning, a novel may use symbolism. Green New Deal Explained is a segment on the late-night televised talk show Last Week Tonight that aims to bring real-world problems, particularly in politics, to the wider American audience in a humorous way. To achieve their purpose, the host, John Oliver, and writers of the show use devices such as irony, satire, allusions, anecdotes, and idioms intertwined with factual statements that create a humorous, informational, and somewhat informal tone. In this episode, we can see that these literary devices help keep the audience engaged in the information about a proposed Green New Deal and other possible long-term solutions to climate change. An example of the use of language can be seen when Oliver states "No one solution is going to be nearly enough...we need to tackle this from multiple angles... and I could talk about all of those... but I know you want to watch the rerun of Game Of Thrones..." In the example, Oliver adds humor with pop culture allusions mixed into his information to keep his audience engaged, showcasing just one of many possible ways language is used in television talk shows.

Time and Space:
4. How does the meaning and impact of a text change over time?

As time passes, the implications of a text change as well. Often as time goes on, societies' beliefs and values evolve to match changing societal roles, global issues, and technologies. The meaning and impact of texts are tied to how its audience receives it, so as the audience's viewpoints change over time, their interpretation of texts change as well. Green New Deal Explained was aired a year ago, and its implications in our society have changed already. Talks of working to fix climate change become more and more important every day as our environment worsens. The content of Green New Deal surrounds the constantly worsening global issue of climate change. In the past, when climate change was not seen as such a dire issue, the meaning of a text that discusses the content of a proposed Green New Deal would be less impactful to society. The meaning in the past would serve as more of a warning than the call to action it is today. As time passes, depending on how technologies and the issue of climate change improve or worsen, the meaning and impact of Green New Deal Explained would change as well. If conditions surrounding climate change were to worsen, a call to action such as Green New Deal Explained would become more impactful as it tried to inform the general public to create a change in society. Its meaning and purpose in society would shift to be a learning experience to teach politicians and lawmakers what should have occurred to slow down climate change. All in all, how society decides to use the warning and suggestions given about climate change today, will affect how Green New Deal Explained will be viewed tomorrow.

Intertextuality:
5. How can texts offer multiple perspectives of a single issue, topic, or theme?

Texts typically offer multiple perspectives on a topic, issue, or theme by exploring different human experiences, opinions, and viewpoints through its content. By exploring many different human experiences, texts reveal how vastly different people see issues. Green New Deal Explained offers multiple perspectives by discussing the opinions of the two main political parties, democrats and republicans. By agreeing with the democratic opinion on the Green New Deal, Green New Deal Explained shows an obvious bias towards a particular perspective but still manages to bring up the opposing perspective. The program jokingly shows clips of people who do not believe that the Green New Deal and other policies surrounding climate change would help everyday people, but is able to understand and provide insight on the opposing perspective. The program juxtaposes the two perspectives when mentioning the debates and concerns in Congress between democrats and republicans over the Green New Deal. The juxtaposition allows the audience to gain knowledge on both sides of the issue to formulate their own opinions. Late-night talk shows such as Last Week Tonight often use humor and satire to pit opposing perspectives against each other, while still being able to exhibit their opinions and views to the audience.

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2. How are we affected by texts in various ways?

Different texts can receive different reactions. Spoken texts such as speeches, monologues, poems, spoken words, and even video essays tend to get a more emotional reaction from the audience. This is because human connection can be better received when those words and that person are staring you in the face. Spoken texts allow the audience and the speaker to connect on a more human level, garnering more emotion and empathy from the audience. Words on a page cannot convey the raw feelings of seeing another person choke on their own words as tears well up in their eyes as they talk passionately about an issue that directly effects them.

Kimberly Jones was that person with tears in her eyes.
I was that person who witnessed and empathized with her.
People’s reaction would be different if this was a written essay rather than a performed one. It’d be too easy to stop reading and immediately attempt to pick apart her arguments rather than listen to her in her entirety. Kimberly Jones’s performance, her tone, and her unarguable genuine passion for black lives and black safety could not be done justice through characters on a screen or a page. Jones’s choice of expressing her thoughts and emotions with her voice rather than with her pen allowed an audience to be grabbed and hooked by emotion you just can’t get from other texts.

1.  How important is cultural or historical context to the production and reception of a text?

Cultural and historical context are important to the production of the text because depending on the culture and the time period, works can be considered revolutionary. Cultural and historical context can also show that culture has not significantly changed despite time moving forward. These ideas can be applied to how Jones’s message was received. What Jones’s is saying is nothing new. Riots and looting are nothing new, police brutality and black oppression is nothing new. Same material, new audience. The state of black liberation has not changed that much in 60 years, it is only having a spotlight shined on it recently that is already fading quickly.

6. In what ways can comparison and interpretation be transformative?

Comparison and interpretation can be transformative. Everyone has the ability to read and comprehend a tExt differently, and those interpretations can differ so much from the original text and intention it can be read as transformative. Some could interpret Jones’s message as a call to action for black people: take this country down and everything with it if you want black liberation. Some could take it to spread awareness to non-black people about the struggles of the Black American. And some could read it as another black women whinging. Comparison and interpretation allow different thoughts and feelings to be expressed from different types of people.

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#BLM How Can We Win? Kimberly Jones Powerful Speech Video Full Length Black Lives Matter #BLM 2020

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Devin Holloway - The Freakonomics of Crack Dealing

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Devin Holloway - The Freakonomics of Crack Dealing

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Readers, Writers, and Text
6.This text offered insights by recalling the events of someone who is brand new to an environment and their responses to it. Sending a person to the slums in which they have never been before adds tension as they don't know what to expect from this environment. This gives the audience who is listening a new perspective on something they too haven't seen in their own point of view. The challenges of living in the slums are mentioned in the information returned and presented.

Time and Space
3. This text puts the economics of what drug dealers in slum neighborhoods into comparison of different businesses and how they compare to a legitimate business like McDonalds. The text puts details into the insight such as how much a person could make drug dealing, how the levels of power are arranged, and even the death rates of those in inner cities and if they are involved in drug dealing.

Intertextuality
5.Texts offer multiple perspectives by going through different levels of power through an organization, in this case a street gang that is involved in drug dealing. In the beginning the text also mentions the college graduate who is dropped into the inner city of Chicago and is asking residents about how they feel to be in this situation. We can also look at the drug dealing business by comparing it to a different company with similar levels. In this case, a street gang organization is compared to McDonalds, in a sense that lower tier workers are doing the majority of the dirty work, while the board of directors sit an overview operations.

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Readers, Writers, and Text:

How are we affected by texts in various ways?

Media platforms and literature are meant to portray societal standards, how society interacts with them, and how they are flawed. After the analysis of many texts throughout literature, the news, and social media, it can be concluded that they are meant to reflect society's global issues and how they affect its audience. What makes up society's standards is what is normalized throughout media or people that are encountered daily; this enforces stereotypes and ultimately, assumptions and discrimination. The Truvada commercial serves as an excellent example of portraying stereotypes. Unfortunately, residents of society are easily-influenced and impressionable, therefore, their practices and beliefs start to mirror what they see and what is normalized in their community. The Truvada commercial relays the stereotype that gay and/or trans men and women along with black people are generally the carrier of AIDS. The commercial sets the "face" of what a carrier of AIDS looks like and who are most likely to have it and indulges in the well-known stereotype. The creators of the commercial built their advertisement off of disrespectful stereotypes and unfortunately, their widespread audience will start to subconsciously think that people who look like this most likely practice unsafe sex and are more prone to HIV. Society is affected by texts in various ways because society reflects behaviors, practices, and beliefs that are normalized in their environment and media.

Time and Space:

How do texts reflect, represent or form a part of cultural practices?

Text can, and in many cases do, reflect cultural practices. Many texts serve as a reflection of society and texts embody societal standards, reputations, stereotypes, and the world's flaws. The Truvada commercial may be based off of stereotypes, but it reflects what society thinks already. In other words, Truvada did not make up the stereotype that gay men and the black community are likely to practice unsafe sex or carry STI's but they are using it to create a profit. This text only reflected a stereotype that is normalized within the cultural beliefs practiced within the United States. Though Truvada did not create the stereotype and because they chose to profit from it, they contributed to the formation of cultural beliefs. Different variations of texts play a huge role in reflecting, representing, and forming cultural practices and beliefs.

Intertextuality:

In what ways can comparison and interpretation be transformative?

Comparisons are equivalent to connections. When an audience can make a comparison in a form of texts, they can connect and tie it to their real-world. Comparisons in this sense are transformative because they shape how society makes connections and associations to objects, people, events, emotions, etc. in their life. Truvada's portrayal of stereotypes allows for their audience to connect negative connotations to an appearance and a group of people. Interpretation also holds power over how society thinks because it is based on each and every individual. Truvada's audience were left to infer that the people depicted throughout the commercial, whom all looked similar, were a representation of what they were going against. Comparison and interpretation are transformative because they can be shape societal standards and beliefs.

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Abigail Charles: Why we must stop dancing to the sound of our own oppression

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Abigail Charles: Why we must stop dancing to the sound of our own oppression

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Readers, writers, and Text:

2. How are we affected by texts in various ways?
The point of media is to have an effect on those who consume it. Every time we consume something, it affects us whether it be in a negative or positive way. Recently it has become extremely apparent how easily influenced people are by the media. Without even realizing, people start to feel comfortable with the beliefs of what they consume. Music follows the same pattern. "Why we must stop dancing t the sound of our own oppression" mostly references such instances in terms of sexism. The music itself can sound beautiful and make one feel happy, but it can also be extremely harmful. The listener may not explicitly condone sexism, but by supporting the art, they are saying it is acceptable.

Time and Space

5. How does text, reflect, represent or form a part of cultural practices?
Texts are based off of the views of its author. Everything is affected by the cultural background of the author therefore it reflects it. Madame Ghandi's ted talk discusses how the music we listen to reflects oppression. An example of this is blatant sexism expressed by male artists. It is not used for shock value or anything of the sorts, it is just normal. In American culture, sexism is nothing new nor anything worth condemning in the media. Instead, it is ignored because the music sounds good. Sexism is simply not a deal breaker and the music allowed to gain popularity reflects that.

Intertextuality

5. How can texts offer multiple perspectives of a single issue, topic or theme?
Texts offer different perspectives when being exposed to different audiences. People from different backgrounds are likely to have different ways to interpret a text. It cannot be forgotten that since people can be limited by their cultural background, a text can help them think in a new way. Just the title alone "Why we must stop dancing to sound of our own oppression" brought a new idea to the table. There is nothing new about music expressing oppressive views, but to put it that way is new. Ghandi's speech opened the floor to how odd it can be to listen to music that directs hate towards a group one is a part of. That was her perspective meanwhile a listener may become open to such an idea whereas before they would have brushed it off.

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"How Can We Win" Black Lives Matter Analogy: 

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"How Can We Win" Black Lives Matter Analogy: 

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Readers, Writers and Text:
Time and Space:

1. How important is cultural or historical context to the production and reception of a text?​

This text without any historical context would be meaningless to the audience of people who only cared about the what and not the why. In order for why to happen
Intertextuality:
5.How can texts offer multiple perspectives of a single issue, topic or theme?

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1. How are we affected by texts in various ways?

We as people can be affected by texts emotionally and mentally. A simple word or sentence is able to play on our emotions and make us feel and interpret it in a way that is either postive of negative. For example, in the text " Alexandria Ocasio- Cortez's Speech Remixed with "Humble" by Kendrick Lamar" the women are reacting to AOC's disgusting interaction with through their own creative ways. In the tik tok videos the women are doing their makeup and even mixing drinks with ease. This shows how women are taking what Representative YoHo said to AOC and standing up for women world wide because they are showing that women aren't these horrible words that YoHo said. These are women showing men that they are talented and that they have the right to speak out on how mean casually disrespect women. In this text, women are affected by the words that AOC encountered, emotionally and mentally because it makes us think and realioze that men truly feel that they have the right to disrespect women, which angers women worldwide. By the women using Kendrik Lamar's Humble, the women are not only sending out a message about humbling the men in this world, but also they are using a man's song to then tell a story about the a woman being degraded.  Texts have the opportunity to bring out emotions in people that varies based on the content of the text.

2. How does the meaning and impact of a text change over time?
The meaning and impact of a text can change over time by making the future readers angrier about the words that were said in the dated texts. Because of the new age and new genrations, there are different views in life and people act and think differently from people of an earlier time. In th tik tok visual, the women are able to speak on the disrespect that Representative YoHo gave AOC. In past times it was normal for men to get away with speaking to women in disgusting ways. However, times have changed and women are now able to stand up to men. The impact and meaning of a text definitely changes because in 2020 men calling women the b word will spark anger and is defintely disrespectful to women. However, in past times, for example 1590, men calling women a shrew(which is basically the b word), was normalized in the world. Therefore, a specific time that a book is being read changes how it affects the reader.

3. How can texts offer multiple perspectives of a single issue, topic or theme?
A text may offer multiple perspectives of a single issue or topic based on the culture and beliefs of a person. It is quite likely that people will not have the same upbringing as the next person. Therefore, they believe different things and have different views. For example, AOC and representative YoHo have different views on women. If the single topic/issue was women's right, AOC would clearly be an advocate. However, representative YoHo wouod be against women having rights. A the perspective of the text is based on whoever is reading. Many people interpret texts differently. One might say that the tik tok mash-up is inspiring, and another might say that it is ridiculous. Texts can offer multiple perspectives by allowing a gateway for people to explore different authorial choices and then start to analyze what they believe the message or meaning of the text is.

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Shae'Lah Wilson: Response to Black is King

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Shae'Lah Wilson: Response to Black is King

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Arts, Creativity, and the Imagination
Readers, Writers and Text: In what ways is meaning constructed, negotiated, expressed and interpreted?
Time and Space: To what extent do texts offer insight into another culture?
-In the "Response to Black is King" video, one of the main problems that the African audience had with the visual was that she presented Africa to be one country with one culture with the same traditions, rather than a continent full of countries that differ in various ways. With this being said, the reviews attest that not much insight was given into the plethora of cultures that makes the motherland. Instead, Beyonce provided stereotypes (i.e. primitive) that ignore the variety of cultures. Rather than expressing Africa as a continent full of countries, she implied that her visual was the representation of Africa as a whole. She excludes the modern, technological part that is just as advance as America, which also contributes to the misrepresentation.
Intertextuality: How can texts offer multiple perspectives of a single issue, topic or theme?
-People perceive things based off what they know and are accustomed to. In the video, the two contrasting perspectives of African society/culture can be examined. Beyonce, the creator of the visual, used color, dance, and special effects to express how she perceived Africa, being a mystical land full of dance and rituals of one kind. However, the African audience saw this as the issue as they disliked the lack of variety and the appropriating aspect of Africa mimicking the land of Wakanda.

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Aishatou Tunkara: Truvada commercial (Not HD)

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Aishatou Tunkara: Truvada commercial (Not HD)

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Readers, Writers, and Text: How does the structure or style of a text affect meaning?

The structure of a text can affect meaning in various ways. In the commercial, the creator shows different actors from different backgrounds to show how Truvada helps them. They all talk about their experience with Truvada. It lets the reader know that Truvada isn't for only one race/group. It can be used for anyone who is HIV negative.

Time and Space: How does the meaning and impact of a text change over time?

As times are changing, the meaning and impact of a text can change. For example, back then HIV used to be seen as a thing that only a certain group can catch. People didn't have much information on HIV so they made assumptions about a certain group. Now, there are more people that are educated about HIV and how it is actually transmitted.

Intertextuality: How can texts offer multiple perspectives of a single issue, topic, or theme?

The text I viewed offered multiple perspectives on the topic of Truvada. Once again, it showed that anyone can take the pill as long as they are HIV negative. It allowed the readers to know that taking steps toward HIV prevention should be normalized. The text can allow readers to further do more research to educate themselves on what they read. After viewing the commercial, it has led me to do more research on Truvada. It has also made me do more research about HIV stigma.

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Readers, Writers, and Text
1. How are we affected by texts in various ways?
Literature affects our perspective on things in many different ways. The tone, mood, and point of view allows us to experience what other people have to go through. This allows us to develop empathy for the authors and characters based on their situation. It also gives us different scenarios and different ways to solve certain problems. It allows us to get an inside look to someone else's experiences and it can make us realize the privileges that we have and/or the ones we don't. Literature not only represents our world but also opens us up to ways we can change the world or adapt to changes that have already been made.

Time and Space
3. To what extent do texts offer insights into another culture
The world is made up of so many different cultures, all embracing different beliefs, traditions, and ideas. Authors often times expose their audience to different cultures by exposing their own personal prospective and experiences. For example, a person living in America may not know about the one child policy in China. We have no idea how it feels and the toll it can have on a family. Nanfu Wang gives us insight on their culture by expressing her own personal experience growing up under the one child policy. Literature also offers insight on what another culture believes to be right or habitual. Origin, gender, race, etc. are all things an author uses to express cultural values.

Intertextuality
5. How can texts offer multiple perspectives of a single issue, topic, or theme?

People interpret text in various different ways. Depending on someone's background and beliefs, that will affect the way they comprehend a certain text. An author uses different point of views to to develop certain themes. Its important to look at topics from multiple perspectives so the whole picture is able to be seen. This better allows us to fin the root cause of a specific issue and come up with a solution that fits the needs of everyone.

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Readers, Writers, and Text: How does the structure or style of a text affect meaning?

The video, "Defining Love", by Will Smith, the video begins with him thinking about the word "love", he goes on to name the most common misconceptions dealing with love and in the background, there are videos of loving interactions shown between different people. Will Smith offered more personal experience and reminisces on what love is for him. Having the videos playing in the background taps into the emotional aspect for people watching because of the sentimental feel, the author provided. Will Smith gives his own spelling of love and what that means to him, in a timely matter. He set the conversation with himself up to be able to start a new subtopic.

Time and Space: How does the meaning and impact of a text change over time?

Overtime the text itself would stay the same, or in this case, the word would stay the same but as people go through different walks of life, they can interpret it with different meanings.  For example, as Smith got older, he came up with his own definition of love after seeing what others thought. The term "LUV" was created to better help people realize the real meaning of love.

Intertextuality:

1. In what ways can comparison and interpretation be transformative?

Comparison and interpretation can be transformative because many people view love differently. Will Smith talked about how some people viewed love as an exchange. They made it seem transactional, basically making it a must if something happened. The example he gave was, if someone was pleased then the love word would be thrown around. That's an example of a transactional love situation that can be compared to the feeling of love. The feeling of love comes when people listen, understand, and validate what's being communicated & recognize the feelings that are there.

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Readers, Writer, and Text
The trailer is promoting a dark take on Batman, even darker than the Nolan Trilogy, almost all of the only uses two colors red and white. The only sound emphasized such as the tape and the punch are ones that evoke pain or some thought of discomfort in the audience. Subtle details important in a trailer like this to generate hype but only a few are noticeable. At timestamp 0:40 The newspapers on the wall behind the big word "LIES", in red once again, tell a story of a politician that keeps on winning. In all these compounding details create a style that doesn't effect the meaning rather creates it.

Time and Space
This text offers insight into the evolution of nerd culture. When viewing some of the first superhero movies to some of the newest the transformation into a more dark take is clear. More and more superhero movies are adding more realistic ideologies like corruption or the cycle of poverty. Nerd culture was once full of bright colors and happy faces but is now tale of supernatural stories grounded in reality.
Intertextuality
This movie will never be considered a classic no matter how good it is because of what came before it. The hundreds of superhero movies and especially Batman movies that have been released bar, a movie dealing with the same main characters, from being revered like the previous. Is that right. Should we define a movie by it predecessors. The movies that hinder this movie is of course the Nolan trilogy, which is deemed a classic by critics for it depressing yet thoughtful themes and elements. This text hints that this movie will be almost the exact same, therefore how can it be considered a classic if it subject has already been covered.

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Jaidan Sullivan: AOC's Response to Ted Yoho

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Jaidan Sullivan: AOC's Response to Ted Yoho

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Readers, Writer, and Text
5.) The structure or the style of a text affects meaning to an audience giving them an idea of what type of environment it is, what kind of ideas are embodied by the language of a text, as well as what literary elements are important in a text. The text chosen is a video and the structure and style of this particular text show the seriousness of the text. Representative Ocasio-Cortez uses her platform to speak out about an experience she faced against Representative Yoho. Instead of standing to ask for an apology, she spoke for all women. The style of the text lets the audience know that AOC is discussing a serious topic not just about her but about all women.

Time and Space
4.) The meaning and impact of a text change over time, based on how views around a text change. The meaning of this text will never change, there is no reason for it to. Women face abuse like this every day and even though progress has been made there is still a long way to go. Even with AOC having such a place of power as a woman, she is still just seen as a woman to men she works with. The impact is going to change with every different generation that comes across the video. Generation Z gives AOC and her Squad the most support of any, and the impact we feel from them is strong. It has started and given women, people of color, and people of all economic standings a chance to strive in a country that is against them.

Intertextuality
2 & 5.) Conventions and systems of reference evolve over time because of behaviors, emotions, and beliefs. Old conventions are forgotten and new ones are brought in. The systems of reference specific to the text have changed over time. In this new age, systems of reference concerning women’s rights and injustice are evolving. Women are more outspoken because of old conventions that have been fought and changed. Texts like the video of AOC are part of the evolution of conventions and systems. This text offers multiple perspectives on one single issue. AOC goes through many different perspectives. She speaks on what her mother and colleagues witnessed versus what Representative Yoho’s daughters and wife witnessed. She questioned if they witnessed it as she did or if Yoho would be okay with that happening to his daughters.

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2.

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1. How do texts offer insights and challenges?
Texts offer insights and challenges by providing one with a new point of view. In "What is Love", Will Smith provided his standpoint on what love is, how it can be shown, felt and if love is really a true feeling within our society. Will Smith goes into detail to explain how humans often misinterpret love as something they are longing for from a partner or to fulfill a desire. Smith was provides insight into his theory by comparing the desire of love to a cup thats half full and when desires are not fulfilled it leads to frustration.

2. How does the meaning and impact of a text change over time?
The meaning and impact of a text can change over time as new generations listen to the message. As the text grows older the new audiences may find new meaning to what is being said or how it affects one. In “What is Love” Will Smith explains that the purpose of his message is to get people to try and change their perception of love & understand what love is and what it isn’t within our society. Smith turns love into the acronym L.U.V with stands for listening, understanding, and validating. He uses this acronym to show what one should be looking for in a successful relationship. Depending on who or when someone was born they could look at what he said in many different ways. Someone who may be around my age may see Smith’s POV as not true or that this isn’t what a relationship takes and that it is possible to give someone love, while a much more mature adult can understand what Smith is saying and imply it to their relationships. So anyone may be able to find meaning in the text but the way that they imply the ideas of the text is what changes.

3. How can texts offer multiple perspectives of a single issue, topic, or theme?
People perceive texts in different ways often based on what they know and believe. In the video Will Smith goes into detail with three different topics based upon what love is and how it’s viewed in our society. People can take what he is saying as something new to put into theory, as a way to start looking at love, or as a way to change how they view love within their self and others. The audience can view the text in many different ways whether they agree or disagree with what Smith was saying.

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William Simon- "Why Colleges Shower Their Students with A's"

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William Simon- "Why Colleges Shower Their Students with A's"

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1. How do text offer insight and Challenges?
The text offers insight by showing/teaching the reader the reality of life. In the article "Why colleges shower their students with A's," it sheds light on how many small and big universities alike are inflating Student's grades to uplift the reputation of the school and to avoid being sued my students. In this day and age, it is difficult to come across a good paying job without having a degree. As a result, Many student threaten to get teachers fired if their grades aren't to their liking.
2.How do we approach texts from different times and cultures to our own?
We approach texts from different times to our own by comparing the information in the reading to our present  lives. When the article was created decades ago, it describes and predicts many things that happen in today's education system. The article complained that campus wide averages moved from c range to B range. In today's society,  students can even get A's in all classes without retaining any of the information taught proving the article's point even more that people are just obtaining diplomas/ degrees as if they were ornaments. Also, when this article was published, many professors were also for the first time beginning to propose that more rigorous classes be weighted heavier. Now, in today's society, we have the creation of AP, honors, and IB classes that are weighted heavier than on level courses to show that the student's grades in these classes stand out from the others.
3. How can a text offer multiple perspectives of a single issue, topic, or theme?
A text can offer multiple  perspectives on a single topic by showing how one issue it affects different people from opposite sides of the issue. The article not only talks about the problem of grade inflation but also how teachers,students, and colleges view this issue.  Colleges obviously support this issue because grade inflation makes their college look better in the public eye which in return bring more revenue to the school. Student support the issue because it means they can get their degree without working hard for it. The only people who are opposed to this issue are teachers who complain that students who push this agenda are harming their learning experience. Teachers know that students who don't take their college learning experience seriously will eventually go into their working fields and not find any success.

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1. How are we affected by text in various ways? In the Black is King trailer by Beyoncé the text shows the empowerment of the black people. It shows the Black culture in a light and in royalty. Seeing people that look like me and a great representation of the African American culture.
2.How important is cultural or historical context to the production and reception of a text? In the text Black is King Trailer, tapping into the African culture was necessary for the image it was displaying. In the context it was showing black culture as higher power and royalty.
3.In what ways can diverse texts share points of similarity? With the text being about the empowerment of the African culture, it really offers insight to seeing people of the same color and that look like me really shows the connection.

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BLACK IS KING Trailer (2020) Beyoncé Movie

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Nyela Thompkins - How film transforms the way we see the world

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Nyela Thompkins - How film transforms the way we see the world

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Ted Talk: How film transforms the way we see the world

Readers, Writers, and Texts

How are we affected by texts in various ways?

The message that a text carries varies from person to person and changes as time moves forward. In Pakistan, different films were shown to different people throughout the villages.  Men were shown films that focused on the consequences they would face should they commit an “honor killing”. Children were shown films that promoted critical thinking and encourage them to think for themselves, not just follow tradition. Women were shown films that showcased heroines and female leaders. All films were angled toward the same goal in mind. To a better quality of life for women, and to keep that quality of life high for future generations.

Time and Space

How does the meaning and impact of a text change over time?

As culture and societal norms change, the meaning and impact of a text change with it. In the reviewed Ted talk the speaker, Chinoy mentioned the type of films she showed the women in these small villages. They were all meant to inspire them, and show them a new side to their womanhood that they may have never recognized before. Since this is a new theme and idea for these small, usually illiterate areas to have, it strikes the women with a sense of wonder and can be the sources of inspiration for these women. Over time, now that this idea of womanly strength has been put into the minds of past women. It will be a mindset that young girls will grow up with, and will know that it within their right to have basic human rights.  So if the same films that were shown to the previous generation of women are shown to this new generation, the effect will be different. The films will not be as much of a source of inspiration for the new generation of girls.

Intertextuality

In what ways can diverse texts share points of similarity?

Chinoy, the speaker in my TedTalk, spoke of how she showed different films, to the different people within the village. For the men of the village, she showed films focused on the repercussions they would face for crimes against women and also encouraged them to help push the women around them into more powerful and positive roles. The children in the villages were shown films that promoted critical thinking and encouraged them to ask questions about the world around them and be more curious about the way things area and how things should be. The women were shown films that did the opposite of victimize them. They saw themselves as heroines and in positions of power. All of the different films worked together toward a single goal. A better quality of life for women. All the films worked to change the way women and treated and the way they treat themselves both now and in the future.

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Jordyn Woodley- "Defining Love" Will Smith 

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Jordyn Woodley- "Defining Love" Will Smith 

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Readers, Writers and Text

How does the structure or style of a text affect meaning?
The structure of a text can mold how it is perceived by the audience. Will Smith begins the video with a personal thought on how people "misdefine love". The video shows clips of different relationship where love can be shown. It has a warm tone to it because of the topic. The style of the video is informational and is teaching a lesson. Smith provides examples to prove his points in defining what love really is.

Time and Space:

How does the meaning and impact of a text change over time?

The meaning and impact of a text can change over time by the audience. The text remains the same but the audience will mature so when they view it again, it will not have the same impact as it did at first.

Intertextuality

How can texts offer multiple perspectives of a single issue, topic or theme?
Texts offer multiple perspectives of a single topic by considering all sides of it. Will Smith offers his idea of what love is, "At its core, I think love is help". A similar perspective came from Willow Smith is a " gardener-flower relationship". Another perspective came from J Krishnamurti and that people think of "love in terms of desire and pleasure".  Smith explains how all of these ideas contribute to the overall question of love.

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Celeste Giddens- "How We're Priming Some Kids For College, and Others For Prison" 

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Celeste Giddens- "How We're Priming Some Kids For College, and Others For Prison" 

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blob:https://embed.ted.com/5ce67000-9773-4abd-ad9e-e2be8eb16838

How do texts offer insights and challenges?
- Text can make the reader think and question their prospective. It helps them visualize what is happening. The very descriptive story of Chuck and Tim brought insight to how underprivileged kids are treated by police. It makes it more meaningful because it was a true story. Thongs like this are happening in real life and people like Goffman speaking up on it helps bring awareness.

How important is cultural or historical context to the production and reception of a text?​

- Historical content is very important to the production and reception of a text. Goffman explains how all of the kids being put in the prison are predominantly African American and Latino, children of color. It is becoming a huge problem because historically it has always been like it. People of color have always had a target on their back and throughout the generations it has not seemed to stop.

In what ways can comparison and interpretation be transformative?

- Comparison and interpretation can help the reader see something in a different light. Goffman never realized what kids of color were going through until she saw it for herself. Her whole speech is also about the comparison of kids going to college versus kids going to jail so you can really listen to and hear how different their lives could turn out.

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1. How are we affected by texts in various ways?

Texts affects us through the overall message or theme that is presented in said text. For example, if it pertains to an aspect of our life we are more likely to understand and relate to the text. If the text itself discusses sad or difficult topics it will have that affect on the audience. In the Black Is King Trailer we are presented with themes and underlying messages that we can relate to.

1. How important is cultural or historical context to the production and reception of a text?​

Cultural and historical context is very important because In the Black Is King Trailer African Culture dating back decades was presented in the trailer to show how black culture has a deep rooted nature with royalty and how Black people were born from kings and queens.

1. How can texts offer multiple perspectives of a single issue, topic or theme?

In the trailer we are put in the lives and cultural agenda of many people that are living in Africa. We see their culture their traditions and how they carry themselves as kings and queens. This shows an alternate perspective different from people who don't see black as beautiful and don't believe that we descend from kings and queens.

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BLACK IS KING Trailer (2020) Beyoncé Movie

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Why and how do we study language and literature:

We study literature to grasp a deeper understanding of concepts, and to learn  how to appreciate words and their power. We study language to be able to understand other people and other cultures, as well as to relate to others through feelings such as joy or pain. In “Defining love” by Will Smith, he explained how a lot of people views of what love is and should be are misconstructed. I chose this video because I myself didn’t really know what the meaning of love is. To me, authors like Will help us understand concepts and relate to other people through videos such as this one. His text not only gave new insight on a topic many people need to learn to appreciate the power of, but he was also to compare ideas of what love should be and interpreted what love really is.

How important is historical context to the production and reception of a text:

The definition of context refers to the background or details surrounding an event that occurs. Context provides meaning, clarity, and a deeper understanding of the intent of the text to the viewers. Historical context is an important part of life and literature, and without it, the components of the work have less meaning. Put another way, historical context is what gives meaning and understanding to the details. If I hadn’t previously been familiar with the concept of love, then my interpretation of the text would have been completely different. If I didn’t already have experience with the two views on love Will described (1. Seeing love as a fulfillment of my wants and 2. looking at love as a gardener and flower relationship), then I wouldn’t have understood that Will wanted me to know that love isn’t about meeting my needs but about nurturing my life. So my historical context of love, helped me understand the message Will was trying to teach me.

How can text offer multiple perspectives of a single issue, topic or theme:

The key to successful relationships lies solely in our ability to take the perspective of someone else. It is important to look at topics from multiple perspectives so that we are able to see the whole picture. Texts do the same thing by analyzing different perspectives, which better enables people to find the root cause of a problem and discover a solution. In “Defining Love”, Will gave the viewers two different perspectives on love to help show his bigger picture. By first giving us examples and explanations on how the misconstrued view of love, he then gave us the more realistic view of how live should be which helped the viewers understand where exactly their view of love was wrong.

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How are we affected by texts in various way ?

We are affected by texts in various ways based on the tone, meaning and style the author expresses. In “3 ways to speak English,” by Jamila Lyiscott, Lyiscott expresses the different tongues she has and how and when she uses them. Based on this topic, it enlightened me as a reader that I also have “3 ways to speak English”. This Ted Talks points out things that many people do in society without even thinking out because they are so used to it. “When I’m on the block, I switch it up because I can,” that quote shows how carrying a conversation with one’s parents may have one tone but when they are around their “homeboys” the tone and body language can easily get switched without considering it. Texts can be persuasive to make one think like the author or come into realization with what the author is conveying.

How does language represent social distinctions and identities?

Language is a very powerful tool used in everyday lives. A lot of individuals categorized the way they see other mankind based on the way they carry themselves throughout language. If one isn’t “articulate” society automatically puts them into a bubble of not being intelligent, but “who controls articulation?” In the Ted Talk, “3 ways to speak English,” Lyiscott brings up her being a “tri-tongued orator,” and expresses how the way she converses with her family, friends and the classroom is distinct. Lyiscott emphasizes that just because one speaks one way when they are seen doesn’t mean that they are “ignorant” to speech. Overall, language represents social distinctions and identities between each other using speech as the main denominator.

In what ways can diverse texts share points of similarity?

Diverse texts share points of similarity by catching the reader’s attention with debatable topics. Based on “3 ways to speak English,” the author carries three tongues and one is based on her culture and identity, which could also be considered as her mother tongue. Throughout the text, Lyiscott throws in a few slang terms that she would use around her “homeboys,” terms she would use with her parents and terms she would use in the classroom. Many readers could relate to the overall message of this text and to the fact that they participate in the same practices. This text also gave and showed many similarities that people have with each other based off the way they use language.

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1. How does the structure or style of a text affect meaning?

- The structure or style of a text affects the meaning in various ways. Depending on the audience and the topic at hand, the structure of the text may send different messages. In certain structures of a text, a message may be enforced by repetition or remaining on the same topic, but drawing analogies and situations to further explain the topic. Some times, the meaning of the text will be the same no matter how it is structured, but the way that it is expressed may give off different types of tones. In Will Smith's film about love, the structure of the video allowed the viewers to visualize how love isn't what people perceive love as. It was more of a harsher way of saying that, "If I cant use you, then I don't love you." That set the tone for the rest of the video.

1. How does the meaning and impact of a text change over time?

- The meaning and impact of a text may change over time as the social climate changes. Certain texts that were made 50 years ago were more relevant and more commonly accepted due to the circumstances back then as opposed to if that same text were introduced again now. However, some texts age very well and still seem to apply to today's times and the impact of those texts can give better insight on the topic and its history. Over time, the definition of love has changed. In today's time, the world love is used so freely that it almost has no special connotation to it anymore.

1. How can texts offer multiple perspectives of a single issue, topic or theme?

- Texts can offer multiple perspectives of a topic because as a normal human, everyone is going to have an opinion. These opinions stem from the background or environment one comes from or just personal experience, so since everyone lives a different life and comes from all sorts of places, there will be several perspectives and opinions of a single topic. For example, in the video about love featuring Will Smith, he is an older man who has his own perspective of what love is based on his relationship with Jada Pinkett- Smith, his kids, and also other people that he has relationships with whether they be family or friends. Because he has lived a life in the spotlight and also a lot more wisdom and experience than I have, we may have different perspectives.

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2. We are affected by texts by how they influence society. The truvada commercial shows society how minorities are the most affected by HIV/AIDS. This is because of the government's lack of action during the HIV/AIDS epidemic. As well as society's opinion on queer people of color. This advertisement's backlash of the portrayal of queer people of color lacks nuance.
4. The text can change over time because this is a commercial about medicine. This means Truvada can be deemed unhelpful or a new technology could be created. This commercial could have also been received poorly in an earlier date in history. It could've been seen as too controversial or scandalous.
4. The notion of a classic text is invalid because it is rooted in white supremacy. It affirms white men as the arbiters of knowledge and artistry. The Truvada commercial exhibits the most vulnerable of society and not the most privileged. In this way it's the opposite of a 'classic text'.

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5) Similar to how tone of voice changes the meaning to words so does structure and style. Structure and style is the tone of voice of literature. In addition to implicit meaning, the way text is set up has an effect on how it is interpreted. The information that is presented first will affect the readers understanding and point of view of the information following. Brene Brown’s TED talk began with a story about her experience with researching vulnerability and a time where she was vulnerable. The example introduced the reader to the subject of her speech and gave them background information. They now have an idea of what type of person she is and a real life example of what vulnerability can look like. Without this piece from her speech a more personal connection between her and her audience may have not been developed and many would not have recognized that the example she gave was an example of what being afraid of being vulnerable looks like. Those with similar experiences to the one she shared may have had a look in a mirror once she shared her story and realized that they too have a hard time being vulnerable. How text is structured sets up how following text will be understood and set up the lens that the author wants the audience to view the text.

3) The meaning of something is fluid and infinite. No one truly knows the meaning of a text, not even the author or creator. This is because each person has a different view and can interpret a text differently. Most times though, the meaning of a text is constructed through group think. If an interpretation is seen and agreed on by multiple people then it will usually be set as the general meaning, especially if it is agreed on by the text’s creator.

5) Texts often offer various perspectives through its characters. It is important for the dynamics between characters and their society, environment and others be accurate based on the character’s description. Using characters the author is able to show what life is like for people with similar attributes and characteristics through characters.

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5. How does the structure or style of a text affect meaning?
- The structure and style of a text can alter the intended meaning that the author meant for the readers to receive. Things such as tone play a big role in how the meaning of the text is perceived. In "What is Love?", Will Smith structures the video by breaking it down into sections so that viewers can fully grasp the intended message.

3. To what extent do texts offer insight into another culture?
- A text can offer insight on the values and traditions of another culture. Although the video didn't specifically talk about a certain cultures definition of love, we can see that all races share a similar value of love through the video that was shown in the background of the lecture.

5. How can text offer multiple perspectives of a single issue, topic, or theme?
- In reality, every person is allowed to have their own perspective of things. It is possible for a text to have one theme that is portrayed through different characters and that allows for readers to place themselves in the characters position. The video "What is Love?" shows how everyone has their own definition of what love is and how to love someone. Although Will Smith offers his family's meaning of love, the video offers the viewers another definition of love due to the fact that no one really knows the true meaning of love.

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3. In what ways is meaning constructed, negtated, expressed and interpreted?
This text highlights what Truvada is, what it is used for, and how it affects those who take it. The commerical really shows how LGBTQ+  and miniorites are protrayed to be affected more by HIV rates than other groups. They protrayed more LGBTQ+ people as people of colour more than any other background which makes it seem like only people "gay" people of color are the most affect by HIV. The side affects at the end of the commerical seem to also out weight the good versus the bad.

5. How do texts reflect, represent, or form a part of cultural practices?
This text can reflect or represent of form of culturl pratice because it is insinuating that LGBTQ+ and minorities need to tke this medication because they are the ones most affected by it, so they are saying it should be apart of their cultural pratices, which is harmful the their community. This commerical portrays minorities as less than and unhealthy.

6. In what ways can comparison and interpretation be transformative?
The comparison and interperation of this text can be transformative because in one way you can see the text as being helpful towards people becuase it is provideing them with insight on a drug that can be helpful towards preventing HIV but in other wys this text is harmful becaus it protrays LGBTQ+ and minorites as unhealthy and the most affected by HIV when is is in fact White people.

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5. The structure/style of a text affects its meaning often through the tone. For example, if you have things in a brighter color, more people are going to associate it with being more happy and positive, and the opposite can be said for darker colors. In the Batman trailer, the darkness shows us that we are going to be getting a more serious and edgy Batman movie. We never see any vibrant colors, but instead just different shades of black and grey.

4. The meaning of a text changes over time because many peoples viewpoints change and more world event happens. For example, if you look back at many pieces of media, the references in it may have become outdate because we are no longer living in the time period in life. By evolving, the meaning of texts slowly become outdated.

4. The notion of a classic text is still valid because some stories messages can transcend time. The stories that people say are classics often still have values and principals that can still be applied in today's landscape. Because of how the stories are written/told, they can be considered a classic

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Elam Richardson: 3 Ways to Speak English

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Elam Richardson: 3 Ways to Speak English

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6. Each of the three ways Jamila Lyiscott used to articulate her words in the TED Talk offered insight into the challenges and the history between the three. One form of insight is how she understands that in our society, she has to "borrow" Eurocentric English to move up in the world and how "broken" English was formed from people of color having their languages stolen and being forced to adapt to the Eurocentric standard.
6. The purpose of Lyiscott's TED Talk was to provide how each of her languages represent a certain social distinction and how each of these distinctions make up her identity. She states, "I can say what's good, whatagwan, and hello", referring to her ability to speak broken English, Jamaican, and Eurocentric English, all of which still making up the diverse pallet that is her identity.
3. Lyiscott refers to her personal experiences with language oppression and how she equally respects all of her languages. At its core, this TED Talk is about the oppression of all people of color based on Eurocentric social and linguistic standards. The oppression of colored people lies in multiple texts, being the foundation of this country, so a topic like this one can be shared between many diverse texts.

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Why we must stop dancing to the sound of our own oppression

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Why we must stop dancing to the sound of our own oppression

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2. We are affected by texts through the message the author is getting across to the audience and the tone it sets. In the TED Talk, Madame Gandhi talks about the different messages that come from many songs these days. She says that they sometimes give a message that oppresses groups of people like women or members of the LGBT+ community. The negative messages conveyed through some songs, affect how we feel and think because they can make a person feel lesser about themselves.
5. A text can represent what goes on in a person's life. In many rap songs old and new, they each convey a message that reflects back to how that person lives, the struggles they might endure, or the community they live in. They mainly focus on what life is like in the Black community, whether its violence against the police, violence with each other, or just a normal day with the homies. Most people might not always relate to the message and view it as unorthodox to society. This is when a message can get "lost in translation" due to how different people perceive the message.
3. Two unrelated songs can share the same message or theme towards listeners even though they are coming from separate sources with different lyrics. "The Bigger Picture" by Lil Baby and "F the Police" by N.W.A both convey a message of corruption and police brutality within the justice system. These two texts have major differences in the way they speak about these injustices but still get across the same message. "The Bigger Picture" is uplifting to listeners and offers multiple sides to the issue as Baby tells his story about police brutality, telling us that "not all whites are racist" and how we can make a change in the justice system. In contrast "F the Police" talks down on police calling them out for all of the crimes they have committed against innocent Black men and expresses their feelings of hatred toward corrupt police officers.
https://youtu.be/k7i9uYruO3k

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Readers, Writers, and Text:
3. Meaning can be constructed, negotiated, expressed and interpreted in many different ways, mainly through diegetic and nondiegetic sounds, actions of characters, and dialogue. Across different universes, movies, and comic books, the character of Batman has been interpreted many different ways. In some, he is a vigilante who fights for justice. In others, he is displayed as a criminal, fighting for only himself. In this trailer, Batman is seen darker than most other renditions, yet still fighting for justice, as seen by the first scene where he walks into an active crime scene with the police. Meaning is also conveyed throughout the trailer from cryptic narrations from The Riddler, a popular villain of Batman's.

Time and Space:
5. Texts reflect and represent time periods and cultural practices from those time periods by how they are designed and interpreted. Batman as a character has changed multiple times, reflecting how each artist or director interpreted the character of Batman in the time period it was made. For example, Batman in the animated cartoon series is humorous, making quips and jokes throughout the series, while the Batman in the trailer is serious and mysterious.

Intertextuality:
5. Texts can offer multiple perspectives of a single topic or theme by presenting a single or multiple topics and showing them through the point of view of different characters. By doing this, the audience is able to see how each character would react to a certain event, giving them personality but also relating the character to the audience, if the two are similar.

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Readers, Writers and Text:

1.     How are we affected by texts in various ways?

In Barbie Doll, the author began by starting the poem off with describing a normal young girl. This girl played with her dolls, stoves and lipstick like any other American girl. Once she hit puberty, she began o have issues with her classmates. A classmate said she had a big nose and fat legs. Even though she is a beautiful, intelligent and healthy girl, she let the words of another take over her. She tried to exercise and diet, to fit in social norms. She got tired of trying so hard so she killed herself and as she laid in her casket, people finally called her pretty. This text affects people dealing with depression because of how the want to appear to other people. Many people, as the girl in the poem, feel as if once they are gone maybe people would appreciate the beauty of what they have to offer.

Time and Space:

1.     How does language represent social distinctions and identities?

In today’s society, many people try to fit into what every other person looks like. They never truly try to be themselves and have a hard time finding their identities because they want to fit into society so bad. In the Barbie doll poem, the author used language to explain that the girl was dealing with depression and killed herself. The author did not explicitly say that, but using context clues allowed readers to understand. The author used language like stating how she was trying to diet and exercise because of her “fat” legs and smile more to appear pretty. The author also stated she “cut off her nose and her legs and offered them up” stating she killed herself because she was tired of trying to prove herself to others. In the end, when people called her pretty, she finally had her “happy ending” because that is what she wanted all along.

Intertextuality:

1.     How can texts offer multiple perspectives of a single issue, topic or theme?

Many people don’t realize the effect words have on others. This poem helps people be mindful of their words because they can never know how it affected them. Although the classmate didn’t expect the girl to carry that statement throughout her life, she did. That particular statement hurt her and she believed everyone thought about her that way. A person who doesn’t mind their words, can read this text and realize that they should be careful of how they talk to people. People respond to things differently and could have a terrible reaction.

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This girlchild was born as usual
and presented dolls that did pee-pee
and miniature GE stoves and irons
and wee lipsticks the color of cherry candy.
Then in the magic of puberty, a classmate said:
You have a great big nose and fat legs.

She was healthy, tested intelligent,
possessed strong arms and back,
abundant sexual drive and manual dexterity.
She went to and fro apologizing.
Everyone saw a fat nose on thick legs.

She was advised to play coy,
exhorted to come on hearty,
exercise, diet, smile and wheedle.
Her good nature wore out
like a fan belt.
So she cut off her nose and her legs
and offered them up.

In the casket displayed on satin she lay
with the undertaker's cosmetics painted on,
a turned-up putty nose,
dressed in a pink and white nightie.
Doesn't she look pretty? everyone said.
Consummation at last.
To every woman a happy ending.

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Barbie Doll Poem by Marge Piercy - Poem Hunter

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This girlchild was born as usualand presented dolls that did pee-peeand miniature GE stoves and ironsand wee lipsticks the color of cherry candy.Then in the magic of puberty, a classmate said:You have a great big nose and fat legs.

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Readers, Writers, and Text: How do texts offer insights and challenges?
Each text has it's own purpose and the message that it's trying to convey to the audience is a challenge itself. Will smith provides the audience with insight on the meaning of love and how people should express the emotion to their loved ones. He challenges the audience to disregard their personal perspective of love and try to develop a new one or the one that he views is the healthiest.
Time and Space: How important is cultural or historical context to the production and reception of a text?
Even though there isn't much cultural context implemented into this specific text, it is extremely important in addition to historical context to the production and reception of a text. This text shows brief accounts on the history of love and how the definition of love has evolved today. If more cultural context was included in this text, it could've possibly allowed more cultures to receive and understand the meaning of the text.  The audience could have been able to develop their understanding about love and if the concept of love being a transaction even applies to all cultures. The historical aspect of this text shows how the definition of love evolved and what it should be in the future.
Intertextuality: In what ways can comparison  and interpretation be transformative?
This whole text is based on the comparison of Will Smith's definition of love to how it is viewed and expressed today. His elaboration of love causes the audience to interpret their own meaning of love. While the audience compares the two perspectives, transformations could be made to what they view as the accurate definition of love.

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Readers, Writers, and Text :
5. How does the structure or style of a text affect the meaning?
- The perspective and way the story is told affect the meaning. Especially due to the fact it's told from Arthur Fleck's point of view, versus if there was a narrator, we would know whether this is a Joker inspiration, a delusion, reality, or some other explanation. The structure of the way a story is told can change the audience's entire perception of it. The meaning can drastically vary and alter depending on the way it's told, tone, perspective, who's telling it, and multiple other factors.

Time and Space:
1. How important is a cultural or historical context to the production and reception of a text?
- The historical and cultural aspect plays a large factor in literary texts. The context helps the audience tie the story together and understand the story. Knowing this information helps know the author's motives, purpose, and message behind what they're saying. Implying where the ideas may have stemmed from or background information. In the Joker it had a lot a cultural and historical context. From it being told in the 1980s of Gotham, New York. Society had a different perspective and was held to different standards back then based on income, ethnic background, race, and job, just as they do today but these things evolve with time.

Intertextuality:
5. How can texts offer multiple perspectives of a single issue, topic, or theme?
- Texts can offer multiple perspectives by using the third person, different characters, or setting the story from a different viewpoint. This allows the reader to have flexible thinking, enables the reader to catch the whole story, and piece it together through different lenses.

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For all the controversies associated with "Joker," one major part of the story deserves more scrutiny.

Todd Phillips has talked a lot about the controversies surrounding " Joker" - whether the movie condones or condemns its anti-hero, if it could actually inspire real-life violence - but has yet to address the movie's complex racial connotations, especially when it comes to the way black women are portrayed in relation to Joaquin Phoenix 's Arthur Fleck.

In Hollywood, women still lag behind men in terms of on-screen visibility, and it's significantly worse for women of color, as the most recent USC Annenberg diversity and inclusion study shows. Only 33.1% of roles in the 100 top movies of 2018 went to female characters; of those, just 11% went to underrepresented racial or ethnic groups, of which black women are included.

"Joker" at least deserves some credit on this front: It bucks that trend. Most women who interact with the white male lead happen to be black, and none are stereotypes or historically stock characters (maids, mammies, sex workers, etc). In fact, based on how black women engage with Arthur, one can infer that the director sees them as collective representatives of a basic humanity that's otherwise absent in the characters who inhabit his very small world. At the same time, they're largely nameless and exhibit a uniformity that creates a disturbing sense that they're being used in service of another kind of cliche.

Early on, Arthur encounters a black mother (Mandela Bellamy) and her young son (Demetrius Dotson II) on a packed city bus. The wannabe comedian entertains the appreciative kid, until his mother scolds Arthur for engaging her son without her permission. It's a logical reaction: For many black people, the country's systemic framework keeps poor and working-class black communities in perpetual economic deprivation, and it eventually elicits anger and mistrust against the Other - namely, white people, and especially white men. So when a white man engages her son, she goes into defense mode.

Arthur, who starts laughing uncontrollably, hands the disgruntled mother a card with text on it that explains his condition - a disorder that causes him to laugh at inappropriate times, inaccurately reflecting his emotional state. She reads it and leaves him alone in his hysteria. Other characters in the film berate, ridicule, or even assault him when faced with his affliction, but it could be that the mother simply sees no reason to further escalate the situation. She has no reason to be concerned with Arthur's condition; she's assessed that he poses no threat to her or her son, and that's that.

Then there's the nameless social worker (Sharon Washington, "Social Worker"), whom Arthur visits repeatedly. In an early scene, she questions whether it helps to discuss his thoughts. It's clear from the expression on Arthur's face that she is not that person. In their final meeting, she tells Arthur that the system doesn't care about people like him, nor does it care about people like her. She implies that, despite their differences, they have more in common than he may realize. But as a nameless black figure, the audience is left to make assumptions based on her race and gender. She is a powerless cog in the wheel of a bullshit bureaucracy, and he is a victim of it; both are members of the disenfranchised.

In his quest for emotional connection, Arthur dreams of his neighbor Sophie Dumond ( Zazie Beetz). Arthur lives in a tenement with his mother in a working-class district of the Bronx; Sophie, the single black mother of a five-year-old girl, lives down the hall. The first time the audience meets Sophie and her kid comes when they encounter Arthur in their building's ramshackle elevator. In contrast to the black mother and son on the bus, his experience with Sophie is pleasant from the start. She appears more sympathetic, but ultimately what aligns them is they both live in a section of Gotham that's seemingly rife with marginalized and impoverished segments of the population.

The end of the film unfolds in Arkham State Hospital; Phillips shot the scene's interiors at Harlem's historically black Metropolitan Hospital. Arthur, secured in a chair within brightly lit and claustrophobic environs, is seated across from another nameless black woman, this one a psychiatrist ("Arkham Psychiatrist," played by April Grace; she's the same actress who beautifully dressed down Tom Cruise's Frank T.J. Mackey in "Magnolia"). Arthur tries to contain his trademark laugh, and when the psychiatrist asks for the cause of his laughter, he says she would not understand the joke.

Arthur is resigned to being misunderstood: He struggles to be seen, but is always painfully aware that he's invisible to most. He longs to find human connection. And while he doesn't quite get everything he wants out of the aforementioned interactions with black women, they are arguably the only characters in the film that show him any semblance of humanity. They see him, they don't mock him or his condition, and they don't attack or mistreat him. At best, they want to help him; at worst, they simply tolerate him.

The victims of Arthur's ire - specifically, those the audience sees him kill - are everything that these women are not. They are primarily white people who he sees as an affront: three men on the subway; Arthur's co-worker; Robert De Niro's condescending late-night host Murray Franklin; and his mother.

Arthur even appears to have empathy for the kids of color who, early in the film, steal his billboard, make him chase them, and them physically assault him when he catches up. He readily dismisses them as just a bunch of kids who don't know any better.

But at what point does this well-meaning group of anonymous people of a shared race - and largely, gender - become another kind of trope? Deprived of individuality, they become a contrived device.

Phillips' placement of black women throughout the film appears deliberate and therefore impossible to ignore, although maybe less so for anyone who isn't a black woman. To wit: It's been recognized by a number of black women writers including Beandrea July for TIME, Zeba Blay for Huffington Post, and Constance Gibbs for The Nerds of Color. (Phillips did not respond to a request for comment on this story.)

Further buttressing these views: Phillips seems to align Arthur's trials with those of working-class (itself a racialized term) people of color who apparently populate much of his world; and with the 1980s, a period in which America under Ronald Reagan saw his socio-economic policies further disenfranchise African Americans. It's possible that Phillips had the presence of mind to recognize how black people were negated at that time, and by aligning Fleck with these prominently featured and anonymous people of color, created a commentary that sympathizes with their plight.

Or not. There's no shortage of "Joker" theories that Phillips writes off to coincidence. And certainly, "Joker" could be read solely as a portrait of mental illness. The interior world of an overmedicated character who suffers from schizophrenia, dissociative identity disorder, and post-traumatic stress must be so impaired that relationships with any external reality are warped, if not entirely disconnected.

And so with an unreliable narrator like Fleck/Joker, the truth is left open to interpretation. Maybe the entire film is his fantasy, and the only reality is that he's been locked up in Arkham all along. It could also be that Phillips had a studio mandate to populate the film with a diverse cast. Whatever the truth, the lack of attention to this side of "Joker" speaks to a diversity problem that extends beyond the industry; it involves the people tasked with assessing its quality as well. Its reception exposes as much about the media's blindspots as it does the movie's: Like the nameless women who populate Fleck's universe, they're hiding in plain sight.

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'Joker' Makes a Strange Connection Between Arthur Fleck and the Struggles of Black Women - Analysis

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For all the controversies associated with "Joker," one major part of the story deserves more scrutiny. Todd Phillips has talked a lot about the controversies surrounding " Joker" - whether the movie condones or condemns its anti-hero, if it could actually inspire real-life violence - but has yet to address the movie's complex racial connotations, especially when it comes to the way black women are portrayed in relation to Joaquin Phoenix 's Arthur Fleck.