# data[].attributes.body
CORRASION - stones that the river is carrying bump into the banks and wear
them away. Think of it like sandpaper.

ATTRITION - rocks being carried by the river smash together and break into
smaller particles. Over time, they become smaller and eventually reduced to fine
particles called silt.

SOLUTION - acids in the water slowly dissolve the river banks and the stones
that the river is carrying (especially limestone).

HYDRAULIC ACTION - the force of the water wears away the riverbank. Occurs
on the outside of a meander from underneath know as undercutting. Think of a
jet wash.

# data[].attributes.body
this diagram shows from left to right the evolution of the headland from a crack to a stump.

# data[].attributes.body
different types of clouds and their names
different types of clouds and their names, Cloud from final fantasy
this is all you need
this is all you need to learn in water-cycle wise
Haiti Earthquake
Haiti Earthquake
An LEDC country earthquake
As of February 2012, an estimated three million people were affected by the
Haiti Earthquake; the Haitian Government reports that between 217,000 and
230,000 people had been identified as dead, an estimated 300,000 injured, and
an estimated 1 million homeless. They also estimated that 250,000 residences and
30,000 commercial buildings had collapsed or were severely damage. CAUSES:
The earthquake happened along a conservative plate margin marking the bounder
between the North American plate and the Caribbean plate. At 16:53 on January
12th 2010 the island of Haiti was struck by a powerful 7.0 magnitude earthquake.
The earthquake was caused by stress building up along the conservative plate
margin, when this stress was released there was a sudden slip along the fault. The
earthquake was followed by several large aftershocks of up to 5.0 on the Richter
scale.
EFFECTS:
The earthquake devastated large parts of the capital Port-au-Prince and resulted
in massive loss of life making it one of the most destructive earthquakes of all
time.
PRIMARY EFFECTS:
230,000 people were killed. 180,000 homes destroyed by the ground shaking.

SECONDARY EFFECTS:
2 million people were affected and 1.5 million were homeless. The homeless were
accommodated in over 1100 squalid camps with limited services such as water and
sanitation. People lived in these camps for over a year. Cholera claimed the lives
of several hundred people mainly children. Storms and flooding caused further
hardship in the camps. 19 million chic metres of rubble and debris created- a huge
job to clear up. 5000 schools damaged or destroyed. Service such as electricity,
water, sanitation and communications were badly disrupted or destroyed. Total
damage bill was $11.5billion.
RESPONSES:
Search and rescue was the immediate response. Assistance was required and so
specially trained medics with sniffer dogs and high tech heat sensitive equipment
were flown in from MEDCs. Local people made up the majority of the rescuers.
Aid arrived from abroad in the form of food, water, medical supplies and
temporary shelters (from the USA and Dominican Republic at first.) The United
Nations and the USA provided security to maintain law and order and ensure a
fair distribution of aid. The UK’s Disasters Emergency Committee (DEC) raised
over £100million. This money was used for emergency shelter, medical
consultations, clean drinking water and sanitation.
LONGER TERM RESPONSES:
3/4 of damaged buildings were inspected and repaired. 200,000 people have
received cash or food for public work such as clearing rubble. Several thousand
people have decided to move away from Port au Prince to stay with family, some
have emigrated to other countries. The World Bank pledged $100million to
support reconstruction and recovery programmes in Haiti.
Mt st Helens
Mt st Helens
Shield volcano
Shield volcano
Composite volcano
Composite volcano
Constructive plate margin
Constructive plate margin
Destructive plate margin
Destructive plate margin
European countries and capitals (only ones we might need to know)
European countries and capitals (only ones we might need to know)

Denmark -  Copenhagen
Norway - Oslo
UK - London
Rep Ireland - Dublin
Russia - Moscow
Belgium - Brussels
France - Paris
Germany - Berlin
Portugal - Lisbon
Spain - Madrid
Italy -  Rome
Sweden - Stockholm
Poland - Warsaw
Austria - Vienna
Greece - Athens
Hungary - Budapest
Bulgaria - Sofia
Luxembourg - Luxembourg
Finland - Helsinki
Czech Republic - Prague
Latvia - Riga
Lithuania - Vilnius
Estonia - Tallinn
Slovakia - Bratislava
Cyprus - Nicosia
Malta - Valletta
Roumania - Bucharest

"Parts" of a volcano
"Parts" of a volcano
Crater
lava
main vent
secondary vent
volcanic cone
magma chamber
volcanic bombs
ash
pyroclastic flow
Climate factors
Climate factors
LATITUDE
Distance from the equator. The sun’s rays are more concentrated at the
equator and so it is hotter. As you move towards the poles the sun’s rays
have to heat up a larger area of the earth’s surface, it is therefore colder.
(Please note this is different to the ISEB revision guide. The ISEB revision
guide is wrong and so you need to learn this explanation).
 ALTITUDE
This is the height above sea level. For every 150 m climbed the
temperature drops by 10C.
 PREVAILING WIND DIRECTION
In Britain the prevailing wind blows from the SW. This is a warm and moist
wind. If the wind is from the north it is cold and from the south it is warm.
Jet streams affect our weather condition. A jet stream is a strong flowing
ribbon of air high in the atmosphere. Depending on its position it can bring
warmer, colder, wetter or windier weather.
 DISTANCE FROM THE SEA
Winter – The sea cools down much slower than the land. Therefore, air
temperatures in coastal areas do not get as cold as inland.
Summer – The sea warms up much slower than the land. Therefore, ait
temperatures in coastal areas never get as hot as inland.
 OCEAN CURRENTS
Ocean currents can bring warm or cold water to coastal areas. The North
Atlantic Drift is a warm ocean current that travels across the Atlantic
Ocean and keeps the west coast of Britain mild in the winter. It is sometimes
referred to as the Gulf Stream.
 ASPECT
Direction a place is facing. If a place is facing in a southerly direction in
the northern hemisphere it will receive sun all day long and so will be warmer.
Earth structure
Earth structure
Crust = this is the outer layer of the earth about 0-60 km thick.
The mantle = the layer just below the crust it is the thickest section of the earth and is made out of molten rock and magma it is about 2,900 km thick
The outer core = it is just below the mantle and it surrounds the core it is made out of liquid iron and nickel and it is extremely hot
The inner core = This is the centre of the earth and is the hottest part of the earth it is made out of solid iron and nickel and it has a temperature of about 5,500 degrees Celsius

Water cycle (parts)
Water cycle (parts)
Condensation = the change from a substance in this case water vapour being a gas then to being a liquid.
Evaporation  = the opposite of condensation, this where rain water turns into water vapour (liquid to gas).
Infiltration = this is very important, this is where the rain water soaks into the ground.
Surface runoff = This is where rain water runs along the ground sometimes finding lakes/rivers.
Interception = this is where trees get in the way of precipitation
Precipitation = this is the more fancy word for raining Groundwater flow = where water runs through rock
Throughflow = This is when water runs through soil

Microclimate factors
Microclimate factors
PHYSICAL FEATURES - such as trees buildings bushes etc.Theses can affect the microclimate of an area because it can shade the area mening the sun cannot touch it therefore making it cooler.also the higher an area the more windier it will be meaning it will be cooler.

ASPECT - The way the sun is facing in perspective of an area. If the sun is facing away from an area it can make that place cooler and vise versa if it is facing an area.

SURFACE - a lighter surface will take in less heat from the suns rays meaning it will be cooler there and a darker surface will take in even more heat from the sun.

SHELTER- such as trees buildings bushes etc. this can make an area cooler like physical features by covering the area from the sun but if there is no shelter the area will remain warm.

PROXIMITY TO BUILDINGS - buildings can block wind and cover areas from the sun. If a building covers an area from the sun that means that the area will be warmer. Also if an area is covered from the sun it will be cooler. Buildings over the course of a say can take in a lot of sunlight meaning they will be warmer and that heat can then be given of making an area slightly warmer.

Relief rainfall
Relief rainfall
wind blows warm air from the west,
air rises over mountains,
air condenses,
clouds form and rain,
air descends on the other side of a mountain,
the air warms up therefore becomes dryer.

In the UK this sort of rainfall mostly occurs in the West and the North of the country.
Frontal rainfall
Frontal rainfall
warm air and cold air meets,
cold air forces warm air up
warm air condenses and forms a cloud,
then it rains

In the UK this rainfall mostly occurs in the West due to NORTH ATLANTIC DRIFT (NAD)
Convectional rainfall
Convectional rainfall
The sun warms the ground creating warm air,
warm air rises,
the warm air condenses and forms a cloud,
then it rains and the cycle repeats.

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Get access to files anywhere through secure cloud storage and file backup for your photos, videos, files and more with Google Drive.

# data[].attributes.body
Less dense
Cannot sink
Can't be destroyed

# data[].attributes.body
stage 3

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Get access to files anywhere through secure cloud storage and file backup for your photos, videos, files and more with Google Drive.

# data[].attributes.body
stage 2

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Get access to files anywhere through secure cloud storage and file backup for your photos, videos, files and more with Google Drive.

# data[].attributes.body
Dense
Can sink
Can be destroyed

# data[].attributes.body
Stage 1LOL

# data[].attributes.body
With definitions

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
This is an interactive diagram of the water cycle showing the different processes, which transform, transfer and intermittently store water.

# data[].attributes.body
The HS2 is a on-going-project that is (now) expected to take £55 billion and in the future they are think that it will go higher.
the are sites like Stophs2 and 51m who want to get rid of the project Hs2.
The Hs2's top speed in 225 miles per hour. and it has a capacity of 20000 seats.
the four main stations for the Hs2 are London-Birmingham - Manchester- Leeds. They choose these city's because they want to push the population to the north and these cities are densely populated.

# data[].attributes.body
Flood caused because of the many rainy days which got the soil filled up with water so much that it couldn't take anymore in. There were no flood defences in Tewkesbury

13 people were killed and a more than a thousand were injured

25,000 sand bags were used to stop the flood. 850 Families were still living in caravans a year after the flood.

# data[].attributes.body
Magma was building up inside and under the volcano.

After the eruption the landscape was permanently changed. 200 homes damaged. 57 people died.

Roads and bridges were quickly repaired. Everyone was rehoused and the volcano is now better monitored

# data[].attributes.body
2010 Earthquake was caused by pressure building up over the previous months eventually creating a 7.0 earthquake on a Richter scale.

More than 200,000 people killed and 1 million houses damaged.

There was immediate help for the injured and 3/4 of the houses were repaired.

# data[].attributes.headline
different types of clouds and their names (BTW this is a padlet)

# data[].attributes.subject
different types of clouds and their names (BTW this is a padlet)

# data[].attributes.body
this does not work : /

# data[].attributes.body
this is all you need to learn in water-cycle wise

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
This is an interactive diagram of the water cycle showing the different processes, which transform, transfer and intermittently store water.

# data[].attributes.headline
European countries and capitals (only ones we might need to know) 

# data[].attributes.subject
European countries and capitals (only ones we might need to know) 

# data[].attributes.body
Denmark -  Copenhagen
Norway - Oslo
UK - London
Rep Ireland - Dublin
Russia - Moscow
Belgium - Brussels
France - Paris
Germany - Berlin
Portugal - Lisbon
Spain - Madrid
Italy -  Rome
Sweden - Stockholm
Poland - Warsaw
Austria - Vienna

Greece - Athens

Hungary - Budapest
Bulgaria - Sofia
Luxembourg - Luxembourg
Finland - Helsinki
Czech Republic - Prague
Latvia - Riga
Lithuania - Vilnius
Estonia - Tallinn
Slovakia - Bratislava
Cyprus - Nicosia
Malta - Valletta
Romania - Bucharest

# data[].attributes.body
Crater
lava
main vent
secondary vent
volcanic cone
magma chamber
volcanic bombs
ash
pyroclastic flow

# data[].attributes.body
LATITUDE
Distance from the equator. The sun’s rays are more concentrated at the
equator and so it is hotter. As you move towards the poles the sun’s rays
have to heat up a larger area of the earth’s surface, it is therefore colder.
(Please note this is different to the ISEB revision guide. The ISEB revision
guide is wrong and so you need to learn this explanation).
 ALTITUDE
This is the height above sea level. For every 150 m climbed the
temperature drops by 10C.
 PREVAILING WIND DIRECTION
In Britain the prevailing wind blows from the SW. This is a warm and moist
wind. If the wind is from the north it is cold and from the south it is warm.
Jet streams affect our weather condition. A jet stream is a strong flowing
ribbon of air high in the atmosphere. Depending on its position it can bring
warmer, colder, wetter or windier weather.
 DISTANCE FROM THE SEA
Winter – The sea cools down much slower than the land. Therefore, air
temperatures in coastal areas do not get as cold as inland.
Summer – The sea warms up much slower than the land. Therefore, ait
temperatures in coastal areas never get as hot as inland.
 OCEAN CURRENTS
Ocean currents can bring warm or cold water to coastal areas. The North
Atlantic Drift is a warm ocean current that travels across the Atlantic
Ocean and keeps the west coast of Britain mild in the winter. It is sometimes
referred to as the Gulf Stream.
 ASPECT
Direction a place is facing. If a place is facing in a southerly direction in
the northern hemisphere it will receive sun all day long and so will be warmer.

# data[].attributes.body
Crust = this is the outer layer of the earth about 0-60 km thick.
The mantle = the layer just below the crust it is the thickest section of the earth and is made out of molten rock and magma it is about 2,900 km thick
The outer core = it is just below the mantle and it surrounds the core it is made out of liquid iron and nickel and it is extremely hot
The inner core = This is the centre of the earth and is the hottest part of the earth it is made out of solid iron and nickel and it has a temperature of about 5,500 degrees Celsius

# data[].attributes.body
Condensation = the change from a substance in this case water vapour being a gas then to being a liquid.
Evaporation  = the opposite of condensation, this where rain water turns into water vapour (liquid to gas).
Infiltration = this is very important, this is where the rain water soaks into the ground.
Surface runoff = This is where rain water runs along the ground sometimes finding lakes/rivers.
Interception = this is where trees get in the way of precipitation
Precipitation = this is the more fancy word for raining Groundwater flow = where water runs through rock
Throughflow = This is when water runs through soil

# data[].attributes.body
An LEDC country earthquake
As of February 2012, an estimated three million people were affected by the
Haiti Earthquake; the Haitian Government reports that between 217,000 and
230,000 people had been identified as dead, an estimated 300,000 injured, and
an estimated 1 million homeless. They also estimated that 250,000 residences and
30,000 commercial buildings had collapsed or were severely damage. CAUSES:
The earthquake happened along a conservative plate margin marking the bounder
between the North American plate and the Caribbean plate. At 16:53 on January
12th 2010 the island of Haiti was struck by a powerful 7.0 magnitude earthquake.
The earthquake was caused by stress building up along the conservative plate
margin, when this stress was released there was a sudden slip along the fault. The
earthquake was followed by several large aftershocks of up to 5.0 on the Richter
scale.
EFFECTS:
The earthquake devastated large parts of the capital Port-au-Prince and resulted
in massive loss of life making it one of the most destructive earthquakes of all
time.
PRIMARY EFFECTS:
230,000 people were killed. 180,000 homes destroyed by the ground shaking.

SECONDARY EFFECTS:
2 million people were affected and 1.5 million were homeless. The homeless were
accommodated in over 1100 squalid camps with limited services such as water and
sanitation. People lived in these camps for over a year. Cholera claimed the lives
of several hundred people mainly children. Storms and flooding caused further
hardship in the camps. 19 million chic metres of rubble and debris created- a huge
job to clear up. 5000 schools damaged or destroyed. Service such as electricity,
water, sanitation and communications were badly disrupted or destroyed. Total
damage bill was $11.5billion.
RESPONSES:
Search and rescue was the immediate response. Assistance was required and so
specially trained medics with sniffer dogs and high tech heat sensitive equipment
were flown in from MEDCs. Local people made up the majority of the rescuers.
Aid arrived from abroad in the form of food, water, medical supplies and
temporary shelters (from the USA and Dominican Republic at first.) The United
Nations and the USA provided security to maintain law and order and ensure a
fair distribution of aid. The UK’s Disasters Emergency Committee (DEC) raised
over £100million. This money was used for emergency shelter, medical
consultations, clean drinking water and sanitation.
LONGER TERM RESPONSES:
3/4 of damaged buildings were inspected and repaired. 200,000 people have
received cash or food for public work such as clearing rubble. Several thousand
people have decided to move away from Port au Prince to stay with family, some
have emigrated to other countries. The World Bank pledged $100million to
support reconstruction and recovery programmes in Haiti.

# data[].attributes.body
PHYSICAL FEATURES - such as trees buildings bushes etc.Theses can affect the microclimate of an area because it can shade the area mening the sun cannot touch it therefore making it cooler.also the higher an area the more windier it will be meaning it will be cooler.

ASPECT - The way the sun is facing in perspective of an area. If the sun is facing away from an area it can make that place cooler and vise versa if it is facing an area.

SURFACE - a lighter surface will take in less heat from the suns rays meaning it will be cooler there and a darker surface will take in even more heat from the sun.

SHELTER- such as trees buildings bushes etc. this can make an area cooler like physical features by covering the area from the sun but if there is no shelter the area will remain warm.

PROXIMITY TO BUILDINGS - buildings can block wind and cover areas from the sun. If a building covers an area from the sun that means that the area will be warmer. Also if an area is covered from the sun it will be cooler. Buildings over the course of a say can take in a lot of sunlight meaning they will be warmer and that heat can then be given of making an area slightly warmer.

# data[].attributes.body
wind blows warm air from the west,
air rises over mountains,
air condenses,
clouds form and rain,
air descends on the other side of a mountain,
the air warms up therefore becomes dryer.

In the UK this sort of rainfall mostly occurs in the West and the North of the country.

# data[].attributes.body
warm air and cold air meets,
cold air forces warm air up
warm air condenses and forms a cloud,
then it rains

In the UK this rainfall mostly occurs in the West due to NORTH ATLANTIC DRIFT (NAD)

# data[].attributes.body
The sun warms the ground creating warm air,
warm air rises,
the warm air condenses and forms a cloud,
then it rains and the cycle repeats.

# data[].attributes.body
Geography revision
all the things we will need to know for geography

different types of clouds and their names
This is all you need to learn in: water-cycle wise
Haiti Earthquake
An LEDC country earthquake
As of February 2012, an estimated three million people were affected by the
Haiti Earthquake; the Haitian Government reports that between 217,000 and
230,000 people had been identified as dead, an estimated 300,000 injured, and
an estimated 1 million homeless. They also estimated that 250,000 residences and
30,000 commercial buildings had collapsed or were severely damage. CAUSES:
The earthquake happened along a conservative plate margin marking the bounder
between the North American plate and the Caribbean plate. At 16:53 on January
12th 2010 the island of Haiti was struck by a powerful 7.0 magnitude earthquake.
The earthquake was caused by stress building up along the conservative plate
margin, when this stress was released there was a sudden slip along the fault. The
earthquake was followed by several large aftershocks of up to 5.0 on the Richter
scale.
EFFECTS:
The earthquake devastated large parts of the capital Port-au-Prince and resulted
in massive loss of life making it one of the most destructive earthquakes of all
time.
PRIMARY EFFECTS:
230,000 people were killed. 180,000 homes destroyed by the ground shaking.

SECONDARY EFFECTS:
2 million people were affected and 1.5 million were homeless. The homeless were
accommodated in over 1100 squalid camps with limited services such as water and
sanitation. People lived in these camps for over a year. Cholera claimed the lives
of several hundred people mainly children. Storms and flooding caused further
hardship in the camps. 19 million chic metres of rubble and debris created- a huge
job to clear up. 5000 schools damaged or destroyed. Service such as electricity,
water, sanitation and communications were badly disrupted or destroyed. Total
damage bill was $11.5billion.
RESPONSES:
Search and rescue was the immediate response. Assistance was required and so
specially trained medics with sniffer dogs and high tech heat sensitive equipment
were flown in from MEDCs. Local people made up the majority of the rescuers.
Aid arrived from abroad in the form of food, water, medical supplies and
temporary shelters (from the USA and Dominican Republic at first.) The United
Nations and the USA provided security to maintain law and order and ensure a
fair distribution of aid. The UK’s Disasters Emergency Committee (DEC) raised
over £100million. This money was used for emergency shelter, medical
consultations, clean drinking water and sanitation.
LONGER TERM RESPONSES:
3/4 of damaged buildings were inspected and repaired. 200,000 people have
received cash or food for public work such as clearing rubble. Several thousand
people have decided to move away from Port au Prince to stay with family, some
have emigrated to other countries. The World Bank pledged $100million to
support reconstruction and recovery programmes in Haiti.
Mt st Helens
Mt st Helens
Shield volcano
Shield volcano
Composite volcano
Composite volcano
Constructive plate margin
Constructive plate margin
Destructive plate margin
Destructive plate margin
European countries and capitals (only ones we might need to know)
European countries and capitals (only ones we might need to know)

Denmark -  Copenhagen
Norway - Oslo
UK - London
Rep Ireland - Dublin
Russia - Moscow
Belgium - Brussels
France - Paris
Germany - Berlin
Portugal - Lisbon
Spain - Madrid
Italy -  Rome
Sweden - Stockholm
Poland - Warsaw
Austria - Vienna
Greece - Athens
Hungary - Budapest
Bulgaria - Sofia
Luxembourg - Luxembourg
Finland - Helsinki
Czech Republic - Prague
Latvia - Riga
Lithuania - Vilnius
Estonia - Tallinn
Slovakia - Bratislava
Cyprus - Nicosia
Malta - Valletta
Roumania - Bucharest

"Parts" of a volcano
"Parts" of a volcano
Crater
lava
main vent
secondary vent
volcanic cone
magma chamber
volcanic bombs
ash
pyroclastic flow
Climate factors
Climate factors
LATITUDE
Distance from the equator. The sun’s rays are more concentrated at the
equator and so it is hotter. As you move towards the poles the sun’s rays
have to heat up a larger area of the earth’s surface, it is therefore colder.
(Please note this is different to the ISEB revision guide. The ISEB revision
guide is wrong and so you need to learn this explanation).
 ALTITUDE
This is the height above sea level. For every 150 m climbed the
temperature drops by 10C.
 PREVAILING WIND DIRECTION
In Britain the prevailing wind blows from the SW. This is a warm and moist
wind. If the wind is from the north it is cold and from the south it is warm.
Jet streams affect our weather condition. A jet stream is a strong flowing
ribbon of air high in the atmosphere. Depending on its position it can bring
warmer, colder, wetter or windier weather.
 DISTANCE FROM THE SEA
Winter – The sea cools down much slower than the land. Therefore, air
temperatures in coastal areas do not get as cold as inland.
Summer – The sea warms up much slower than the land. Therefore, ait
temperatures in coastal areas never get as hot as inland.
 OCEAN CURRENTS
Ocean currents can bring warm or cold water to coastal areas. The North
Atlantic Drift is a warm ocean current that travels across the Atlantic
Ocean and keeps the west coast of Britain mild in the winter. It is sometimes
referred to as the Gulf Stream.
 ASPECT
Direction a place is facing. If a place is facing in a southerly direction in
the northern hemisphere it will receive sun all day long and so will be warmer.
Earth structure
Earth structure
Crust = this is the outer layer of the earth about 0-60 km thick.
The mantle = the layer just below the crust it is the thickest section of the earth and is made out of molten rock and magma it is about 2,900 km thick
The outer core = it is just below the mantle and it surrounds the core it is made out of liquid iron and nickel and it is extremely hot
The inner core = This is the centre of the earth and is the hottest part of the earth it is made out of solid iron and nickel and it has a temperature of about 5,500 degrees Celsius

Water cycle (parts)
Water cycle (parts)
Condensation = the change from a substance in this case water vapour being a gas then to being a liquid.
Evaporation  = the opposite of condensation, this where rain water turns into water vapour (liquid to gas).
Infiltration = this is very important, this is where the rain water soaks into the ground.
Surface runoff = This is where rain water runs along the ground sometimes finding lakes/rivers.
Interception = this is where trees get in the way of precipitation
Precipitation = this is the more fancy word for raining Groundwater flow = where water runs through rock
Throughflow = This is when water runs through soil

Microclimate factors
Microclimate factors
PHYSICAL FEATURES - such as trees buildings bushes etc.Theses can affect the microclimate of an area because it can shade the area mening the sun cannot touch it therefore making it cooler.also the higher an area the more windier it will be meaning it will be cooler.

ASPECT - The way the sun is facing in perspective of an area. If the sun is facing away from an area it can make that place cooler and vise versa if it is facing an area.

SURFACE - a lighter surface will take in less heat from the suns rays meaning it will be cooler there and a darker surface will take in even more heat from the sun.

SHELTER- such as trees buildings bushes etc. this can make an area cooler like physical features by covering the area from the sun but if there is no shelter the area will remain warm.

PROXIMITY TO BUILDINGS - buildings can block wind and cover areas from the sun. If a building covers an area from the sun that means that the area will be warmer. Also if an area is covered from the sun it will be cooler. Buildings over the course of a say can take in a lot of sunlight meaning they will be warmer and that heat can then be given of making an area slightly warmer.

Relief rainfall
Relief rainfall
wind blows warm air from the west,
air rises over mountains,
air condenses,
clouds form and rain,
air descends on the other side of a mountain,
the air warms up therefore becomes dryer.

In the UK this sort of rainfall mostly occurs in the West and the North of the country.
Frontal rainfall
Frontal rainfall
warm air and cold air meets,
cold air forces warm air up
warm air condenses and forms a cloud,
then it rains

In the UK this rainfall mostly occurs in the West due to NORTH ATLANTIC DRIFT (NAD)
Convectional rainfall
Convectional rainfall
The sun warms the ground creating warm air,
warm air rises,
the warm air condenses and forms a cloud,
then it rains and the cycle repeats.

different types of clouds and their names
different types of clouds and their names
this is all you need
this is all you need to learn in water-cycle wise
Haiti Earthquake
Haiti Earthquake
An LEDC country earthquake
As of February 2012, an estimated three million people were affected by the
Haiti Earthquake; the Haitian Government reports that between 217,000 and
230,000 people had been identified as dead, an estimated 300,000 injured, and
an estimated 1 million homeless. They also estimated that 250,000 residences and
30,000 commercial buildings had collapsed or were severely damage. CAUSES:
The earthquake happened along a conservative plate margin marking the bounder
between the North American plate and the Caribbean plate. At 16:53 on January
12th 2010 the island of Haiti was struck by a powerful 7.0 magnitude earthquake.
The earthquake was caused by stress building up along the conservative plate
margin, when this stress was released there was a sudden slip along the fault. The
earthquake was followed by several large aftershocks of up to 5.0 on the Richter
scale.
EFFECTS:
The earthquake devastated large parts of the capital Port-au-Prince and resulted
in massive loss of life making it one of the most destructive earthquakes of all
time.
PRIMARY EFFECTS:
230,000 people were killed. 180,000 homes destroyed by the ground shaking.

SECONDARY EFFECTS:
2 million people were affected and 1.5 million were homeless. The homeless were
accommodated in over 1100 squalid camps with limited services such as water and
sanitation. People lived in these camps for over a year. Cholera claimed the lives
of several hundred people mainly children. Storms and flooding caused further
hardship in the camps. 19 million chic metres of rubble and debris created- a huge
job to clear up. 5000 schools damaged or destroyed. Service such as electricity,
water, sanitation and communications were badly disrupted or destroyed. Total
damage bill was $11.5billion.
RESPONSES:
Search and rescue was the immediate response. Assistance was required and so
specially trained medics with sniffer dogs and high tech heat sensitive equipment
were flown in from MEDCs. Local people made up the majority of the rescuers.
Aid arrived from abroad in the form of food, water, medical supplies and
temporary shelters (from the USA and Dominican Republic at first.) The United
Nations and the USA provided security to maintain law and order and ensure a
fair distribution of aid. The UK’s Disasters Emergency Committee (DEC) raised
over £100million. This money was used for emergency shelter, medical
consultations, clean drinking water and sanitation.
LONGER TERM RESPONSES:
3/4 of damaged buildings were inspected and repaired. 200,000 people have
received cash or food for public work such as clearing rubble. Several thousand
people have decided to move away from Port au Prince to stay with family, some
have emigrated to other countries. The World Bank pledged $100million to
support reconstruction and recovery programmes in Haiti.
Mt st Helens
Mt st Helens
Shield volcano
Shield volcano
Composite volcano
Composite volcano
Constructive plate margin
Constructive plate margin
Destructive plate margin
Destructive plate margin
European countries and capitals (only ones we might need to know)
European countries and capitals (only ones we might need to know)

Denmark -  Copenhagen
Norway - Oslo
UK - London
Rep Ireland - Dublin
Russia - Moscow
Belgium - Brussels
France - Paris
Germany - Berlin
Portugal - Lisbon
Spain - Madrid
Italy -  Rome
Sweden - Stockholm
Poland - Warsaw
Austria - Vienna
Greece - Athens
Hungary - Budapest
Bulgaria - Sofia
Luxembourg - Luxembourg
Finland - Helsinki
Czech Republic - Prague
Latvia - Riga
Lithuania - Vilnius
Estonia - Tallinn
Slovakia - Bratislava
Cyprus - Nicosia
Malta - Valletta
Roumania - Bucharest

"Parts" of a volcano
"Parts" of a volcano
Crater
lava
main vent
secondary vent
volcanic cone
magma chamber
volcanic bombs
ash
pyroclastic flow
Climate factors
Climate factors
LATITUDE
Distance from the equator. The sun’s rays are more concentrated at the
equator and so it is hotter. As you move towards the poles the sun’s rays
have to heat up a larger area of the earth’s surface, it is therefore colder.
(Please note this is different to the ISEB revision guide. The ISEB revision
guide is wrong and so you need to learn this explanation).
 ALTITUDE
This is the height above sea level. For every 150 m climbed the
temperature drops by 10C.
 PREVAILING WIND DIRECTION
In Britain the prevailing wind blows from the SW. This is a warm and moist
wind. If the wind is from the north it is cold and from the south it is warm.
Jet streams affect our weather condition. A jet stream is a strong flowing
ribbon of air high in the atmosphere. Depending on its position it can bring
warmer, colder, wetter or windier weather.
 DISTANCE FROM THE SEA
Winter – The sea cools down much slower than the land. Therefore, air
temperatures in coastal areas do not get as cold as inland.
Summer – The sea warms up much slower than the land. Therefore, ait
temperatures in coastal areas never get as hot as inland.
 OCEAN CURRENTS
Ocean currents can bring warm or cold water to coastal areas. The North
Atlantic Drift is a warm ocean current that travels across the Atlantic
Ocean and keeps the west coast of Britain mild in the winter. It is sometimes
referred to as the Gulf Stream.
 ASPECT
Direction a place is facing. If a place is facing in a southerly direction in
the northern hemisphere it will receive sun all day long and so will be warmer.
Earth structure
Earth structure
Crust = this is the outer layer of the earth about 0-60 km thick.
The mantle = the layer just below the crust it is the thickest section of the earth and is made out of molten rock and magma it is about 2,900 km thick
The outer core = it is just below the mantle and it surrounds the core it is made out of liquid iron and nickel and it is extremely hot
The inner core = This is the centre of the earth and is the hottest part of the earth it is made out of solid iron and nickel and it has a temperature of about 5,500 degrees Celsius

Water cycle (parts)
Water cycle (parts)
Condensation = the change from a substance in this case water vapour being a gas then to being a liquid.
Evaporation  = the opposite of condensation, this where rain water turns into water vapour (liquid to gas).
Infiltration = this is very important, this is where the rain water soaks into the ground.
Surface runoff = This is where rain water runs along the ground sometimes finding lakes/rivers.
Interception = this is where trees get in the way of precipitation
Precipitation = this is the more fancy word for raining Groundwater flow = where water runs through rock
Throughflow = This is when water runs through soil

Microclimate factors
Microclimate factors
PHYSICAL FEATURES - such as trees buildings bushes etc.Theses can affect the microclimate of an area because it can shade the area mening the sun cannot touch it therefore making it cooler.also the higher an area the more windier it will be meaning it will be cooler.

ASPECT - The way the sun is facing in perspective of an area. If the sun is facing away from an area it can make that place cooler and vise versa if it is facing an area.

SURFACE - a lighter surface will take in less heat from the suns rays meaning it will be cooler there and a darker surface will take in even more heat from the sun.

SHELTER- such as trees buildings bushes etc. this can make an area cooler like physical features by covering the area from the sun but if there is no shelter the area will remain warm.

PROXIMITY TO BUILDINGS - buildings can block wind and cover areas from the sun. If a building covers an area from the sun that means that the area will be warmer. Also if an area is covered from the sun it will be cooler. Buildings over the course of a say can take in a lot of sunlight meaning they will be warmer and that heat can then be given of making an area slightly warmer.

Relief rainfall
Relief rainfall
wind blows warm air from the west,
air rises over mountains,
air condenses,
clouds form and rain,
air descends on the other side of a mountain,
the air warms up therefore becomes dryer.

In the UK this sort of rainfall mostly occurs in the West and the North of the country.
Frontal rainfall
Frontal rainfall
warm air and cold air meets,
cold air forces warm air up
warm air condenses and forms a cloud,
then it rains

In the UK this rainfall mostly occurs in the West due to NORTH ATLANTIC DRIFT (NAD)
Convectional rainfall
Convectional rainfall
The sun warms the ground creating warm air,
warm air rises,
the warm air condenses and forms a cloud,
then it rains and the cycle repeats.

Lol,
read this if you are dumb

NOOT NOOT

Very determined, you get
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