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Quantity and Quality of Exercise for Developing and Maintaining Cardiorespiratory, Musculoskeletal, and Neuromotor Fitness in Apparently Healthy Adults: Guidance for Prescribing Exercise

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Quantity and Quality of Exercise for Developing and Maintaining Cardiorespiratory, Musculoskeletal, and Neuromotor Fitness in Apparently Healthy Adults: Guidance for Prescribing Exercise

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Objective: This study aimed to define the relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness and age in the context of postsurgery mortality and morbidity in older people.

Background: Postsurgery mortality and morbidity increase with age. Cardiorespiratory fitness also declines with age, and the independent and linked associations between cardiorespiratory fitness and age on postsurgical mortality and morbidity remain to be determined.

Methods: An unselected consecutive group of 389 adults with a mean age of 66 years (range 26-86 years) underwent cardiorespiratory exercise testing before major hepatobiliary surgery at a single center. Mortality and critical care unit and hospital lengths of stay were collected from patient records. Primary outcomes were in-hospital all-cause mortality after surgery and hospital and critical care lengths of stay.

Results: Anaerobic threshold was the most significant independent predictor for postoperative mortality ( P = 0.003; β = −0.657 and odds ratio = 0.52) in 18 of 389 (4.6%) patients who died during their in-hospital stay. Age was not a significant predictor in this model. Older people with normal cardiorespiratory fitness spent the same number of days in the hospital or critical care unit as younger people with similar cardiorespiratory fitness (13 vs 12; P = 0.08 and 1 vs 1; P = 0.103). Patients older than 75 years with low cardiorespiratory fitness spent a median of 11 days longer in hospital (23 vs 12; P < 0.0001) and 2 days longer in critical care (2.9 vs 0.9; P < 0.0001) when compared with patients with adequate cardiorespiratory fitness.

Conclusions: Cardiorespiratory fitness is an independent predictor of mortality and length of hospital stay and provides significantly more accurate prognostic information than age alone. Clinicians should consider both the prognostic value of cardiorespiratory testing and techniques to preserve cardiorespiratory function before elective surgery in older people.

This study aimed to define the relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness and age in the context of postsurgery mortality and morbidity in older people to facilitate decision-making about surgical risk.

* Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University;

† Departments of Perioperative and Critical Care Medicine; and

‡ Departments of Hepatobiliary and Transplant Surgery, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.

Reprints: Michael Trenell, PhD, MoveLab, MRC Centre for Brain Ageing & Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, United Kingdom. E-mail: michael.trenell@ncl.ac.uk.

Disclosure: This study was funded by Medical Research Council and National Institute for Health Research. The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

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Cardiorespiratory Fitness Predicts Mortality and Hospital... : Annals of Surgery

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ependent and linked associations between cardiorespiratory fitness and age on postsurgical mortality and morbidity remain to be determined. Methods: An unselected consecutive group of 389 adults with a mean age of 66 years (range 26-86 years) underwent cardiorespiratory exercise testing before major hepatobiliary surgery at a single center.

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Packed with plans for short, long, ultraendurance, and multiday events, Endurance Sports Nutrition, Third Edition, focuses on the nutrition needs of endurance athletes, including runners, cyclists, open-water swimmers, and triathletes. Included are strategies that top endurance athletes have used to reach the pinnacle of success in their sports.

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Cardiorespiratory Fitness Predicts Mortality and Hospital Length of Stay After Major Elective Surgery in Older People

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Cardiorespiratory Fitness Predicts Mortality and Hospital Length of Stay After Major Elective Surgery in Older People

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Objective: This study aimed to define the relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness and age in the context of postsurgery mortality and morbidity in older people.

Background: Postsurgery mortality and morbidity increase with age. Cardiorespiratory fitness also declines with age, and the independent and linked associations between cardiorespiratory fitness and age on postsurgical mortality and morbidity remain to be determined.

Methods: An unselected consecutive group of 389 adults with a mean age of 66 years (range 26-86 years) underwent cardiorespiratory exercise testing before major hepatobiliary surgery at a single center. Mortality and critical care unit and hospital lengths of stay were collected from patient records. Primary outcomes were in-hospital all-cause mortality after surgery and hospital and critical care lengths of stay.

Results: Anaerobic threshold was the most significant independent predictor for postoperative mortality ( P = 0.003; β = −0.657 and odds ratio = 0.52) in 18 of 389 (4.6%) patients who died during their in-hospital stay. Age was not a significant predictor in this model. Older people with normal cardiorespiratory fitness spent the same number of days in the hospital or critical care unit as younger people with similar cardiorespiratory fitness (13 vs 12; P = 0.08 and 1 vs 1; P = 0.103). Patients older than 75 years with low cardiorespiratory fitness spent a median of 11 days longer in hospital (23 vs 12; P < 0.0001) and 2 days longer in critical care (2.9 vs 0.9; P < 0.0001) when compared with patients with adequate cardiorespiratory fitness.

Conclusions: Cardiorespiratory fitness is an independent predictor of mortality and length of hospital stay and provides significantly more accurate prognostic information than age alone. Clinicians should consider both the prognostic value of cardiorespiratory testing and techniques to preserve cardiorespiratory function before elective surgery in older people.

This study aimed to define the relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness and age in the context of postsurgery mortality and morbidity in older people to facilitate decision-making about surgical risk.

* Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University;

† Departments of Perioperative and Critical Care Medicine; and

‡ Departments of Hepatobiliary and Transplant Surgery, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.

Reprints: Michael Trenell, PhD, MoveLab, MRC Centre for Brain Ageing & Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, United Kingdom. E-mail: michael.trenell@ncl.ac.uk.

Disclosure: This study was funded by Medical Research Council and National Institute for Health Research. The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

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Cardiorespiratory Fitness Predicts Mortality and Hospital... : Annals of Surgery

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
ependent and linked associations between cardiorespiratory fitness and age on postsurgical mortality and morbidity remain to be determined. Methods: An unselected consecutive group of 389 adults with a mean age of 66 years (range 26-86 years) underwent cardiorespiratory exercise testing before major hepatobiliary surgery at a single center.

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Is sport good for older adults? A systematic review of psychosocial outcomes of older adults' sport participation: International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology: Vol 10, No 1

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Although sport is promoted as a vehicle to enhance health and well-being throughout the life course, little is known about the psychosocial benefits and costs associated with sport participation in older adulthood.