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Molluscs are the largest marine phylum, comprising about 23% of all the named marine organisms. Numerous molluscs also live in freshwater and terrestrial habitats. They are highly diverse, not just in size and in anatomical structure, but also in behavior and in habitat. Cephalopod molluscs, such as squid, cuttlefish and octopus, are among the most neurologically advanced of all invertebrates.

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Rotifera make up a phylum of microscopic and near-microscopic psuedocoelomate animals. Some rotifers are free swimming and truly planktonic, others move by inchworming along a substrate, and some are sessile, living inside tubes or gelatinous holdfasts that are attached to a substrate.

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Cnideria is a phylum containing over 10,000 species of animals found exclusively in aquatic (freshwater and marine) environment. Their distinguishing feature is cnidocyptes or specialized cells that they use mainly for capturing prey. Their bodies are made form a jelly-like substance called mesoglea. They have two major body types (medusa and polyps) and have only one body cavity.

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Aka "sponges," members of the porifera phylum have the main purpose of filtering water. They are similar to other animals in that they are multicellular, however they do not have true tissues and organs or body symmetry. Their body shapes are adapted to efficiently filter water. Although some fresh water porifera species do exist, most exist in salt water.

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Annelids also known as the ringed worms or segmented worms, are a large phylum, with over 17,000 species including earthworms and leeches. The species exist in and have adapted to various ecologies – some in marine environments as distinct as tidal zones and hydrothermal vents, others in fresh water, and yet others in moist terrestrial environments.

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Chordates are deuterostomes, as during the embryo development stage the anus forms before the mouth. They are also bilatterally symmetric coelomates. Chordates possess a notochord, a hollow dorsal nerve cord, pharyngeal slits, an endostyle, and a post-anal tail, for at least some period of their life cycle. Humans are chordates.

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Echinoderms are recognizable by their radial symmetry, and include such well-known animals as sea stars, sea urchins, sand dollars, and sea cucumbers. Echinoderms are found at every ocean depth, from the intertidal zone to the abyssal zone. The phylum contains about 7000 species making it the second-largest grouping of deuterostomes after the chordates. Echinoderms are also the largest phylum that has no freshwater or terrestrial representatives.

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Arthropods are characterized by their jointed limbs and cuticle made of chitin, often mineralised with calcium carbonate. The arthropod body plan consists of segmenrs, each with a pair of appendages. The rigid cuticle inhibits growth, so arthropods replace it periodically by molting.

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Annelids developed segmentation as a survival mechanism. They are coelomates with body cavities. They also contain bilateral symmetry, organs, and tissues

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Annelida

Oligochaeta

Polychaeta

Hirudinea

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The Ants nervous system The ant has a segmented nervous system like all other arthropods. The ant has a brain and central nervous system with a total of 250,000 neurons, for perspective,...

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Porifera are a type of Parazoa, or a creature without organized tissues or organs. They also lack any symmetry.

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Cnideria are a type of Eumetazoa meaning that they include true tissues organized into germ layers, and an embryo that goes through a gastrula stage.They have radial symmetry and a gastrovascular body plan.

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Platytheminthes are acoelomates with no body cavity. They have bilateral symmetry no skeleton

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Rotifera are psuedocoelomates with a fluid filled body cavity. They have bilateral symmetry and contain tissues,

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Molluscs have feet that allow them to move. They also have a body cavity, bilateral symmetry, tissues, and organs.

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Arthropods have jointed legs and segmentation. They are coelomates with a body cavity. They are bilaterally symmetrical and contain organs and tissues

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Echinoderms are born with bilateral symmetry that develops into pentagonal with age. They are coelomates with tissues and organs.

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Chordates had a notochord. They have bilateral symmetry, are a coelomates, and contain tissues and organs.

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are a phylum of relatively simple bilateral, unsegmented, soft-bodied invertebrates. Unlike other bilaterians, they are acoelomates, and have no specialized circulatory and respiratory organs, which restricts them to having flattened shapes that allow oxygen and nutrients to pass through their bodies by diffusion. The digestive cavity has only one opening for both ingestion and egestion.

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Porifera

1. Calcareous Sponges (Calcarea)

2. Glass Sponges (Hexactinellida)

3. Demosponges (Demospongiae)

4. Homoscleromorpha

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Cnideria

Anthozoa

Hydrozoa

Scyphozoa

Cubomedusae

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Platytheminthes

Planarians

Flukes (Trematoda)

Trubularians

Tapeworms

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Rotifera

Monogononta

Bdelloidea

Seisonidea

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Molusca

Polyplacophora

Gastropods

Cephalopods

Bivalves

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Arthropoda

Crustaceans

Insects

Chelicerates

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Enchinoderm

Sea stars

Brittle stars

Sea urchins

Sea cucumbers

Crinoids

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Chordata

Tunicate

Cephalochordata

Lancelet

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Calcera are single nucleus, single external membrane sponges made of calcite. They may be individual or large masses. They sometimes have an exoskeleton made from calcite. Body types include asconoid, syconoid, leuconoithd and solenoid.
Hexactinellida have mostly syncytia cells and are made from silica. They may be individual or fused. They have no exoskeleton and come only in the Leuconoid body type.
Demospongiae are single nucleus, single external membrane sponges made from silica. Some species have an aragonite exoskeleton. They come only in the leuconoid body type.
Homoscleromorpha are single nucleus, single external membrane sponges made from silica. They come without an exoskeleton and in sylleibid and leuconoid body types.

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Anthozoans are characterized by two anatomically related structures, the actinopharynx and the mesenteries, which are unique among cnidarian polyps (Figure 1). The actinopharynx, or stomodeum, is a tubular gullet extending from the mouth some distance into the coelenteron. The actinopharynx of most species contains at least one histologically specialized, flagellated longitudinal channel called a siphonoglyph that drives water into the coelenteron. In most sea anemones and corals, two siphonoglyphs are situated diametrically opposite one another in the actinopharynx. Siphonoglyphs and their associated structures impart a bilateral or biradial symmetry to the polyp.
Hydrozoa consist of several marine organisms existing in all three layers of the marine habitat. Some have large sail like structures for locomotion and long tentacles with nematocytes below the surface to catch food. A second group have umbrella shaped, long tentacles emerging from the ventral region and move by jet propelling themselves up and passively sinking down. At the bottom of the ocean Hydrozoans anchor themselves to the substrate. These Hydrozoans are the orders Milleporina and Stylasterina which are corals and form an internal, epidermal skeleton of calcareous. These organisms can grow very large covering mass amounts of ocean substrate. Another sessile Hydrozoa is the Hydra. The Hydra is solitary, lacks a medusoid phase and feeds with long tentacles that extend from around the mouth.
The Scyphozoa are an exclusively marine class of the phylum Cnideria referred to as the true jellyfish (or "true jellies"). It may include the extinct fossil group the Conulariida, whose affinities are uncertain and widely debated.
Carybdeida is an order of box jellyfish. There are five families within the order. They are distinguished from other box jellyfish by the presence of unbranched muscular bases at the corners of the cubic umbrella. Most species have four tentacles.

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A planarian is one of many flatworms of the Turbellaria class. It is also the common name for a member of the genus Planaria within the family Planariidae. Sometimes it also refers to the genus Dugesia.
Trematoda is a class within the phylum Platyhelminthes. It includes two groups of parasitic flatworms, known as flukes. They are internal parasites of molluscs and vertebrates. Most trematodes have a complex life cycle with at least two hosts.
The Turbellaria are one of the traditional sub-divisions of the phylum Platyhelminthes, and include all the sub-groups that are not exclusively parasitic.
Cestoda is a class of parasitic worms of the flatworm phylum. They are informally referred to as cestodes. The best-known species are commonly called tapeworms

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Monogononta is a class of rotifers, found mostly in freshwater but also in soil and marine environments. They include both free-swimming and sessile forms.
Bdelloidea is a class of rotifers found in freshwater habitats all over the world. There are over 450 described species of bdelloid rotifers, distinguished from each other mainly on the basis of morphology.
Seisonidae is a family of rotifers, found on the gills of Nebalia, a marine crustacean. Peculiar among rotifers, males and females are both present and equal in size.

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Chitons are marine molluscs of varying size in the class Polyplacophora, formerly known as Amphineura. About 940 extant and 430 fossil species are recognized.
The Gastropoda or gastropods, more commonly known as snails and slugs, are a large taxonomic class within the phylum Mollusca.
A cephalopod is any member of the molluscan class Cephalopoda such as a squid, octopus or nautilus. These exclusively marine animals are characterized by bilateral body symmetry, a prominent head, and a set of arms or tentacles.
Bivalvia, in previous centuries referred to as the Lamellibranchiata and Pelecypoda, is a class of marine and freshwater molluscs that have laterally compressed bodies enclosed by a shell consisting of two hinged parts.

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Oligochaeta is a subclass of animals in the phylum Annelida, which is made up of many types of aquatic and terrestrial worms, and including all of the various earthworms.
The Polychaeta, also known as the bristle worms or polychaetes, are a paraphyletic class of annelid worms, generally marine
Leeches are segmented worms that belong to the phylum Annelida and comprise the subclass Hirudinea. Like the oligochaetes, such as earthworms, leeches share a clitellum and are hermaphrodites.

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A tunicate is a marine invertebrate animal, a member of the subphylum Tunicata, which is part of the Chordata, a phylum which includes all animals with dorsal nerve cords and notochords.
A cephalochordate is an animal in the chordate subphylum, Cephalochordata. They are characterized as chordates, as they possess all 5 characteristics of the chordates, during larval stages and through to adulthood.
The lancelets — also known as amphioxi consist of about 32 species of fish-like marine chordates in the order Amphioxiformes, with a global distribution in shallow temperate and tropical seas, usually found half-buried in sand.

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Starfish or sea stars are star-shaped echinoderms belonging to the class Asteroidea. Common usage frequently finds these names being also applied to ophiuroids, which are correctly referred to as brittle stars or "basket stars".
Brittle stars or ophiuroids are echinoderms in the class Ophiuroidea closely related to starfish. They crawl across the sea floor using their flexible arms for locomotion.
Sea urchins or urchins, archaically called sea hedgehogs, are small, spiny, globular animals that, with their close kin, such as sand dollars, constitute the class Echinoidea of the echinoderm phylum.
Animal

Sea cucumbers are echinoderms from the class Holothuroidea. They are marine animals with a leathery skin and an elongated body containing a single, branched gonad. Sea cucumbers are found on the sea floor worldwide.
Crinoids are marine animals that make up the class Crinoidea of the echinoderms. The name comes from the Greek word krinon, "a lily", and eidos, "form". They live in both shallow water and in depths as great as 9,000 meters.

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Crustaceans form a large, diverse arthropod taxon which includes such familiar animals as crabs, lobster, crayfish, shrimp, krill, woodlice, and barnacles. The crustacean group is usually treated as a subphylum, and thanks to recent molecular studies it is now well accepted that the crustacean group is paraphyletic, and comprises all animals in the Pancrustscea clade other than hexapods.
Insects or Insecta are by far the largest group of hexapod invertebrates within the arthropod phylum. Definitions and circumscriptions vary; in one approach insects comprise a class within the Phylum Arthropoda.
The subphylum Chelicerata constitutes one of the major subdivisions of the phylum Arthropoda. It contains the horseshoe crabs, sea spiders, and arachnids.

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Sponges anatomical characteristics are disorganized and abnormal because it has no specialized cells. Sponges can break apart and regrow without a problem. Sponges have whats called collar cells. They have a sticky, funnel shaped collar and a hairlike whip, called a flagellum. The collar cells serve two purposes. First, they beat their flagella back and forth to force water through the sponge. The water brings in nutrients and oxygen, while it carries out waste and carbon dioxide.

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Nematocysts

a specialized cell in the tentacles of a jellyfish or other coelenterate, containing a barbed or venomous coiled thread that can be projected in self-defense or to capture prey.

Two Body Types

1. Polyps are roughly cylindrical in shape and elongated at the axis of the vase-shaped body. In solitary polyps, the aboral end is attached to the substrate by means of a disc-like holdfast called the pedal disc.

2. Medusas are free-swimming aquatic animals with a gelatinous umbrella-shaped bell and trailing tentacles. The bell can pulsate to acquire propulsion and locomotion.

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Platytheminthes have one single opening and no digestive tract.

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The upper surface of molluscs is covered by a shell formed by the secretions of mantle. A muscular foot is present on underside of the body. The mantle cavity is a body part of molluscs formed by the fold produced in the mantle.

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The sexual reproduction of sponges involves a larval stage that moves. Adult sponges stay in one place.

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The segmented body plan of an annelid worm with both circular and lengthwise muscles is the ideal structure for active burrowing. A one-way gut runs through the body, and they have both a circulatory system and nervous system.

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Rotifers are multicellular animals with body cavities that are partially lined by mesoderm. These organisms have specialized organ systems and a complete digestive tract that includes both a mouth and anus.

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Echinoderms have a skeleton composed of numerous plates of mineral calcium carbonate (calcite). Part of the body cavity, or coelom, is a water-vascular system, consisting of fluid-filled vessels that are pushed out from the body surface as tube feet, papillae, and other structures that are used in locomotion, feeding, respiration, and sensory perception. The conspicuous five-rayed, or pentamerous, radial symmetry of living echinoderms tends to obliterate their fundamental bilateral symmetry.

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As chordates, all vertebrates have a similar anatomy and morphology with the same qualifying characteristics: a notochord, a dorsal hollow nerve cord, pharyngeal slits, and a post-anal tail. However, the subphylum Vertebrata is distinguished from the phylum Chordata by the development of the notochord into a bony backbone. Vertebrates include the amphibians, reptiles, mammals, and birds, as well as the jawless fishes, bony fishes, sharks, and rays.

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Their many legs, claws, and antennae have joints, allowing for flexible and effective movement. This trait is key to their evolutionary success, making them both speedy predators and nimble prey. Arthropods also feature segmented bodies, typically consisting of a head, thorax, and abdomen, though in some cases the head and thorax are fused into one segment.

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salmon  life cycle quiz fish pacific atlantic chinook salmon family salmonidae genus oncorhynchus salmo anadromous

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Salmon Printout. and Quiz. The Salmon is a marine fish that spawns in fresh water.