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I chose Michaelangelo and Isaac  Newton    ,.
https://www.webmd.com/mental-health/news/20040526/did-michelangelo-have-autism#2

Bipolar disorder is a brain disorder that causes unusual shifts in mood , and energy.

Autism is a disorder that challenges someone in social skills, speech, and nonverbal communication.

Genius and madness are similar because people
who have succeeded at 16 yrs old are 4 times more likely to develop bipolar disorder.

In the new article i found out Many geniuses suffer from depression and when exiting a stage of depression geniuses tend to have very energetic ideas.

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Learn more about how bipolar depression is different than other types of depression as well as a list of the signs and symptoms of bipolar depression.

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Charles Dickens
Abraham Lincoln

Abraham Lincoln:
Abraham Lincoln suffered from depression.  Depression are feelings of severe despondency and dejection. Abraham Lincoln smashed the entire roof and he was sad so he channeled it to anger and smashed his roof

Michelangelo suffered from autism this helped him with painting because he got more ideas and his mind was more child like so he could get different ideas for paintings.
autism: A mental condition, present from early childhood, characterized by difficulty  in community and forming relationships with other people and in using language and abstract concepts.

http://www.dictionary.com/browse/depression?s=t

The difference between mental illness and genius is because some geniuses have mental illnesses that make them have ideas that would not dawn on any other people. They are different because some geniuses can have a disability that will limit their abilities to their true capacity.

the difference between my research and the article is that they said that they are tortured geniuses and that madness is also linked to mood swings that geniuses could have. Also they said that it could also have something to do with mania and how a genius could be too creative and have too many ideas and become mad.

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More than 30 years ago, Apple defined the Super Bowl commercial as a cultural phenomenon. Prior to Super Bowl XVIII, nobody watched the game "just for the commercials"-but one epic TV spot, directed by sci-fi legend Ridley Scott, changed all that. Read on for the inside story of the commercial that rocked the world of advertising, even though Apple's Board of Directors didn't want to run it at all.

THE AD

If you haven't seen it, here's a fuzzy YouTube version:

"WHY 1984 WON'T BE LIKE 1984"

The tagline "Why 1984 Won't Be Like '1984'" references George Orwell's 1949 novel 1984, which envisioned a dystopian future, controlled by a televised "Big Brother." The tagline was written by Brent Thomas and Steve Hayden of the ad firm Chiat\Day in 1982, and the pair tried to sell it to various companies (including Apple, for the Apple II computer) but were turned down repeatedly. When Steve Jobs heard the pitch in 1983, he was sold-he saw the Macintosh as a "revolutionary" product, and wanted advertising to match. Jobs saw IBM as Big Brother, and wanted to position Apple as the world's last chance to escape IBM's domination of the personal computer industry. The Mac was scheduled to launch in late January of 1984, a week after the Super Bowl. IBM already held the nickname "Big Blue," so the parallels, at least to Jobs, were too delicious to miss.

Thomas and Hayden wrote up the story of the ad: we see a world of mind-controlled, shuffling men all in gray, staring at a video screen showing the face of Big Brother droning on about "information purification directives." A lone woman clad in vibrant red shorts and a white tank-top (bearing a Mac logo) runs from riot police, dashing up an aisle towards Big Brother. Just before being snatched by the police, she flings a sledgehammer at Big Brother's screen, smashing him just after he intones "We shall prevail!" Big Brother's destruction frees the minds of the throng, who quite literally see the light, flooding their faces now that the screen is gone. A mere eight seconds before the one-minute ad concludes, a narrator briefly mentions the word "Macintosh," in a restatement of that original tagline: "On January 24th, Apple Computer will introduce Macintosh. And you'll see why 1984 won't be like '1984.'" An Apple logo is shown, and then we're out-back to the game.

In 1983, in a presentation about the Mac, Jobs introduced the ad to a cheering audience of Apple employees:

"... It is now 1984. It appears IBM wants it all. Apple is perceived to be the only hope to offer IBM a run for its money. Dealers, initially welcoming IBM with open arms, now fear an IBM-dominated and -controlled future. They are increasingly turning back to Apple as the only force that can ensure their future freedom. IBM wants it all and is aiming its guns on its last obstacle to industry control: Apple. Will Big Blue dominate the entire computer industry? The entire information age? Was George Orwell right about 1984?"

After seeing the ad for the first time, the Apple audience totally freaked out (jump to about the 5-minute mark to witness the riotous cheering).

SKINHEADS, A DISCUS THROWER, AND A SCI-FI DIRECTOR

Chiat\Day hired Ridley Scott, whose 1982 sci-fi film Blade Runner had the dystopian tone they were looking for (and Alien wasn't so bad either). Scott filmed the ad in London, using actual skinheads playing the mute bald men-they were paid $125 a day to sit and stare at Big Brother; those who still had hair were paid to shave their heads for the shoot. Anya Major, a discus thrower and actress, was cast as the woman with the sledgehammer largely because she was actually capable of wielding the thing.

Mac programmer Andy Hertzfeld wrote an Apple II program "to flash impressive looking numbers and graphs on [Big Brother's] screen," but it's unclear whether his program was used for the final film. The ad cost a shocking $900,000 to film, plus Apple booked two premium slots during the Super Bowl to air it-carrying an airtime cost of more than $1 million.

WHAT EXECUTIVES AT APPLE THOUGHT

Although Jobs and his marketing team (plus the assembled throng at his 1983 internal presentation) loved the ad, Apple's Board of Directors hated it. After seeing the ad for the first time, board member Mike Markkula suggested that Chiat\Day be fired, and the remainder of the board were similarly unimpressed. Then-CEO John Sculley recalled the reaction after the ad was screened for the group: "The others just looked at each other, dazed expressions on their faces ... Most of them felt it was the worst commercial they had ever seen. Not a single outside board member liked it." Sculley instructed Chiat\Day to sell off the Super Bowl airtime they had purchased, but Chiat\Day principal Jay Chiat quietly resisted. Chiat had purchased two slots-a 60-second slot in the third quarter to show the full ad, plus a 30-second slot later on to repeat an edited-down version. Chiat sold only the 30-second slot and claimed it was too late to sell the longer one. By disobeying his client's instructions, Chiat cemented Apple's place in advertising history.

When Apple co-founder Steve Wozniak heard that the ad was in trouble, he offered to pony up half the airtime costs himself, saying, "I asked how much it was going to cost, and [Steve Jobs] told me $800,000. I said, 'Well, I'll pay half of it if you will.' I figured it was a problem with the company justifying the expenditure. I thought an ad that was so great a piece of science fiction should have its chance to be seen."

But Woz didn't have to shell out the money; the executive team finally decided to run a 100-day advertising extravaganza for the Mac's launch, starting with the Super Bowl ad-after all, they had already paid to shoot it and were stuck with the airtime.

WHAT EVERYBODY ELSE THOUGHT

When the ad aired, controversy erupted-viewers either loved or hated the ad, and it spurred a wave of media coverage that involved news shows replaying the ad as part of covering it, leading to estimates of an additional $5 million in "free" airtime for the ad. All three national networks, plus countless local markets, ran news stories about the ad. "1984" become a cultural event, and served as a blueprint for future Apple product launches. The marketing logic was brilliantly simple: create an ad campaign that sparked controversy (for example, by insinuating that IBM was like Big Brother), and the media will cover your launch for free, amplifying the message.

The full ad famously ran once during the Super Bowl XVIII (on January 22, 1984), but it also ran the month prior-on December 31, 1983, TV station operator Tom Frank ran the ad on KMVT at the last possible time slot before midnight, in order to qualify for 1983's advertising awards.* (Any awards the ad won would mean more media coverage.) Apple paid to screen the ad in movie theaters before movie trailers, further heightening anticipation for the Mac launch. In addition to all that, the 30-second version was aired across the country after its debut on the Super Bowl.

Chiat\Day adman Steve Hayden recalled: "We ran a 30- second version of '1984' in the top 10 U.S. markets, plus, in an admittedly childish move, in an 11th market-Boca Raton, Florida, headquarters for IBM's PC division." Mac team member Andy Hertzfeld ended his remembrance of the ad by saying:

"A week after the Macintosh launch, Apple held its January board meeting. The Macintosh executive staff was invited to attend, not knowing what to expect. When the Mac people entered the room, everyone on the board rose and gave them a standing ovation, acknowledging that they were wrong about the commercial and congratulating the team for pulling off a fantastic launch.

Chiat\Day wanted the commercial to qualify for upcoming advertising awards, so they ran it once at 1 AM at a small television station in Twin Falls, Idaho, KMVT, on December 15, 1983 [incorrect; see below for an update on this -ed]. And sure enough it won just about every possible award, including best commercial of the decade. Twenty years later it's considered one of the most memorable television commercials ever made."

THE AWFUL 1985 FOLLOW-UP

A year later, Apple again employed Chiat\Day to make a blockbuster ad for their Macintosh Office product line, which was basically a file server, networking gear, and a laser printer. Directed by Ridley Scott's brother Tony, the new ad was called "Lemmings," and featured blindfolded businesspeople whistling an out-of-tune version of Snow White's "Heigh-Ho" as they followed each other off a cliff (referencing the myth of lemming suicide).

Jobs and Sculley didn't like the ad, but Chiat\Day convinced them to run it, pointing out that the board hadn't liked the last ad either. But unlike the rousing, empowering message of the "1984" ad, "Lemmings" directly insulted business customers who had already bought IBM computers. It was also weirdly boring-when it was aired at the Super Bowl (with Jobs and Sculley in attendance), nobody really reacted. The ad was a flop, and Apple even proposed running a printed apology in The Wall Street Journal. Jay Chiat shot back, saying that if Apple apologized, Chiat would buy an ad on the next page, apologizing for the apology. It was a mess:

20-YEAR ANNIVERSARY

In 2004, the ad was updated for the launch of the iPod. The only change was that the woman with the hammer was now listening to an iPod, which remained clipped to her belt as she ran. You can watch that version too:

FURTHER READING

Chiat\Day adman Lee Clow gave an interview about the ad, covering some of this material.

Check out Mac team member Andy Hertzfeld's excellent first-person account of the ad. A similar account (but with more from Jobs's point of view) can found in the Steve Jobs biography, and an even more in-depth account is in The Mac Bathroom Reader. The Mac Bathroom Reader is out of print; you can read an excerpt online, including QuickTime movies of the two versions of the ad, plus a behind-the-scenes video. Finally, you might enjoy this 2004 USA Today article about the ad, pointing out that ads for other computers (including Atari, Radio Shack, and IBM's new PCjr) also ran during that Super Bowl.

* = A Note on the Airing in 1983

Update: Thanks to Tom Frank for writing in to correct my earlier mis-statement about the first air date of this commercial. As you can see in his comment below, Hertzfeld's comments above (and the dates cited in other accounts I've seen) are incorrect. Stay tuned for an upcoming interview with Frank, in which we discuss what it was like running both " 1984" and " Lemmings" before they were on the Super Bowl!

Update 2: You can read the story behind this post in Chris's book The Blogger Abides.
This post originally appeared in 2012.

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11 Historical Geniuses and Their Possible Mental Disorders

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Studies have shown that there are much higher instances of mental disorder in political leaders and creative geniuses than in the general population. And while it's impossible to be completely sure of a correct diagnosis of a historical figure, that hasn't stopped researchers from making educated guesses.

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I chose Michaelangelo and Abraham Lincholn

https://www.webmd.com/mental-health/news/20040526/did-michelangelo-have-autism#1

Definition of autism: a mental condition, present from early childhood, characterized by difficulty in communicating and forming relationships with other people and in using language and abstract concepts.

People with Asperger's syndrome have difficulties with communication and social interaction but can show an unusual, often obsessional, talent or skill in a particular area. Some sufferers display remarkable abilities in music, drawing or mathematics.

https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2005/10/lincolns-great-depression/304247/

Definition of Depression: feelings of severe despondency and dejection.

Depression makes you  have time alone to yourself and you can think more on what creative things you could do.
From the new article I learned that the connection between Genius and Madness is people with bipolar tend to be creative when they're coming out of deep depression because  when a bipolar patient's mood improves, his brain activity shifts, too: activity dies down in the lower part of a brain region called the frontal lobe, and flares up in a higher part of that lobe. Amazingly, the very same shift happens when people have bouts of creativity. So in conclusion when people are coming out of a mental disorder there brain moves and that happens when you get a sudden burst of creativity also

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i chose michelangelo and Issac Newton
Michelangelo
AUTISM: when you are sensitive to light sounds and smells. You have a hard time communicating with others.
Bipolar Disorder: feeling hopeless and or sad and empty. Trouble sleeping during the night and staying awake during the day. Feeling worthless and guilty. Feeling very irritable.

Autism connects with genuis because studies have shown people with autism are more creative and many of the Guinness's have autism.

noithing was the same info in the passage

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Learn more about the highs and lows of bipolar disorder and find out about bipolar depression symptoms and signs.

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Depression  : depression is a mood disorder that causes a persistent feeling of sadness and loss of interest. It affects how you feel , think and behave it can lead to some physical and/or emotional.https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/depression/symptoms-causes/syc-20356007

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Kurt Gödel and Edvard Munch Kurt Godel: Born April 28 1906
Died Jan 14 1978 Job:  Mathematician died of undernourishment Suffered from delusion.(thinking things that that are not true) He made his wife try his food. when his wife was hospitalized for 6 months he simply stopped eating and he died soon after
Definition:                                            a false notion that one is being persecuted Edvard Munch: Panic attacks. The attacks would last about 10 min. A sudden rush of panic and fear
https://www.webmd.com/anxiety-panic/guide/mental-health-panic-disorder#1

Connection of madness and genius

There may be a connection between creativity and madness. Many creative genius have mental disorders . "They found that people who excelled when they were 16 years old were four times as likely to go on to develop bipolar disorder,"

"Saks put it this way: "I think the creativity is just one part of something that is mostly bad."

https://www.livescience.com/20713-genius-madness-connected.html

I used the exact same artical as the one posted on edmodo

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Also found in: Wikipedia.

de·lu·sion of per·se·cu·tion
, persecutory delusion

a false notion that one is being persecuted; characteristic symptom of paranoid schizophrenia.

de·lu·sion of per·se·cu·tion
, persecutory delusion (dĕ-lū'zhŭn pĕr'sĕ-kyū'shŭn, pĕr'sĕ-kyū-tōr-ē)

A false notion that one is being persecuted; characteristic symptom of paranoid schizophrenia.

Persecutory delusion

A fixed, false, and inflexible belief that others are engaging in a plot or plan to harm an individual.

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Also found in: Wikipedia. , persecutory delusion a false notion that one is being persecuted; characteristic symptom of paranoid schizophrenia. , persecutory delusion (dĕ-lū'zhŭn pĕr'sĕ-kyū'shŭn, pĕr'sĕ-kyū-tōr-ē) A false notion that one is being persecuted; characteristic symptom of paranoid schizophrenia. A fixed, false, and inflexible belief that others are engaging in a plot or plan to harm an individual.

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Kurt Gödel and

Charles Dickens

Kurt Gödel
Definition:

A paranoid delusion is "The fixed, false belief that one is being harmed or persecuted by a particular person or group of people."

Charles Dickens
Definition:
A bipolar disorder is "A mental disorder marked by alternating periods of elation and depression."

Found from Google definitions

Charles Dickens had a very hard childhood because no one encouraged, advised, and gave no assistance to him. I think this has to do with why he had bipolar disorder.

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A paranoid delusion is the fixed, false belief that one is being harmed or persecuted by a particular person or group of people. Paranoid delusions are known technically as a "persecutory delusion."

It involves the person's belief that he or she is being conspired against, cheated, spied on, followed, poisoned or drugged, maliciously maligned, harassed, or obstructed in the pursuit of long-term goals.

Small slights may be exaggerated and become the focus of a delusional system with a person suffers from a paranoid delusion.

The focus of the delusion is often on some injustice that must be remedied by legal action. The affected person may engage in repeated attempts to obtain satisfaction by appeal to the courts and other government agencies.

Individuals with paranoid delusions are often resentful and angry, and may even resort to violence against those they believe are hurting them or a loved one.

Paranoid delusions are most often diagnosed in the context of schizophrenia. But they can also occur in non-psychotic disorders, such as obsessive-compulsive disorder, or the use of certain medications or street drugs.
Example: A man refuses to affix his signature to anything, even something so trivial as a birthday card, because he fears the government is watching him and will use the evidence to track him down.

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Paranoid Delusion | Encyclopedia of Psychology

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A paranoid delusion is the fixed, false belief that one is being harmed or persecuted by a particular person or group of people. Paranoid delusions are known technically as a "persecutory delusion." It involves the person's belief that he or she is being conspired against, cheated, spied on, followed, poisoned or drugged, maliciously maligned, harassed, or obstructed in the pursuit of long-term goals.

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I chose Michel Angelo and Beethoven
Ludwig von Beethoven  https://www.biography.com/people/michelangelo-9407628

https://www.biography.com/people/ludwig-van-beethoven-9204862

Michelangelo had autism. Autism is a spectrum disorder. People with autism are usually anti social and don't socialize well
https://www.autismspeaks.org/what-autism

Beethoven had bipolar disorder.  9 symphonies, 5 concertos for piano, 32 piano sonatas and 16 string quartets https://www.google.com/search?q=how+many+songs+did+beethoven+make&oq=how+many+songs+did+beethoven+make&aqs=chrome..69i57.9597j0j7&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8

all geniuss have some type of maddness or disorder
not that all so but they all have their pet peves.
depression hits artists 10 times worse than it does to typical people. so smarter more creative people (genius) are the ones to have more panic attacks,depression, bipolar disorder, autism.
https://www.psychologytoday.com/articles/200705/genius-and-madness

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Autism, or autism spectrum disorder (ASD), refers to a broad range of conditions characterized by challenges with social skills, repetitive behaviors, speech and nonverbal communication. According to the Centers for Disease Control, autism affects an estimated 1 in 36 children in the United States today.

We know that there is not one autism but many subtypes, most influenced by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Because autism is a spectrum disorder, each person with autism has a distinct set of strengths and challenges. The ways in which people with autism learn, think and problem-solve can range from highly skilled to severely challenged. Some people with ASD may require significant support in their daily lives, while others may need less support and, in some cases, live entirely independently.

Several factors may influence the development of autism, and it is often accompanied by sensory sensitivities and medical issues such as gastrointestinal (GI) disorders, seizures or sleep disorders, as well as mental health challenges such as anxiety, depression and attention issues.

Signs of autism usually appear by age 2 or 3. Some associated development delays can appear even earlier, and often, it can be diagnosed as early as 18 months. Research shows that early intervention leads to positive outcomes later in life for people with autism.

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What is autism spectrum disorder (asd)? Click here to read the definition, learn about different types of autism and how to help autistic kids.

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I've chosen Winston Churchill and Isaac  Newton.

Winston Churchill had depression but had to beat it. It did affect him still but he had to hold it in to be a prime minister during World War Two. he had ways to deal with it. It is surprising he was able to handle his job, once he said “I don’t like standing near the edge of a platform when an express train is passing through,” he told his doctor. “I like to stand right back and if possible get a pillar between me and the train. I don’t like to stand by the side of a ship and look down into the water. A second’s action would end everything. A few drops of desperation.” This is how he dealt with it, he would use antidepressants and would spend much of his time writing speeches. (Abe Lincoln did the same)http://www.howibeatdepression.com/how-winston-churchill-beat-depression/

Isaac newton suffered from Bipolar Disorder. Bipolar Disorder is a mental illness that causes you to have violent mood swings, for example you could super happy one second and angry the next because something thats no big deal. He might have also had autism because of his inability to communicate with others.

The two articles I read both agree that not all geniuses are insane and not all people who are insane are genius, They also dis agree one says one fourth of geniuses have mental illness the other says one third.

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I choose Edvard Munch and Charles dickens.
Panic attacks: a panic attack is a sudden rush of fear when there is no real danger. That's what Edvard munch had.

Depression  : depression is a mood disorder that causes a persistent feeling of sadness and loss of interest. It affects how you feel , think and behave it can lead to some physical and/or emotional. Thats what Charles Dickens had. .https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/depression/symptoms-causes/syc-20356007
is there a connection with geniuses and madness, yes because the article says that many geniuses have mental disorders and do weird stuff and also the most common disorder is bipolar,schizophrenia and obsessive-compulsive disorder. http://www.psychiatrictimes.com/major-depressive-disorder/association-between-major-mental-disorders-and-geniuses

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Overview

A panic attack is a sudden episode of intense fear that triggers severe physical reactions when there is no real danger or apparent cause. Panic attacks can be very frightening. When panic attacks occur, you might think you're losing control, having a heart attack or even dying.

Many people have just one or two panic attacks in their lifetimes, and the problem goes away, perhaps when a stressful situation ends. But if you've had recurrent, unexpected panic attacks and spent long periods in constant fear of another attack, you may have a condition called panic disorder.

Although panic attacks themselves aren't life-threatening, they can be frightening and significantly affect your quality of life. But treatment can be very effective.

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Symptoms

Panic attacks typically begin suddenly, without warning. They can strike at any time - when you're driving a car, at the mall, sound asleep or in the middle of a business meeting. You may have occasional panic attacks, or they may occur frequently.

Panic attacks have many variations, but symptoms usually peak within minutes. You may feel fatigued and worn out after a panic attack subsides.

Panic attacks typically include some of these signs or symptoms:

Sense of impending doom or danger

Fear of loss of control or death

Rapid, pounding heart rate

Sweating

Trembling or shaking

Shortness of breath or tightness in your throat

Chills

Hot flashes

Nausea

Abdominal cramping

Chest pain

Headache

Dizziness, lightheadedness or faintness

Numbness or tingling sensation

Feeling of unreality or detachment

One of the worst things about panic attacks is the intense fear that you'll have another one. You may fear having panic attacks so much that you avoid certain situations where they may occur.

When to see a doctor

If you have panic attack symptoms, seek medical help as soon as possible. Panic attacks, while intensely uncomfortable, are not dangerous. But panic attacks are hard to manage on your own, and they may get worse without treatment.

Panic attack symptoms can also resemble symptoms of other serious health problems, such as a heart attack, so it's important to get evaluated by your primary care provider if you aren't sure what's causing your symptoms.

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Causes

It's not known what causes panic attacks or panic disorder, but these factors may play a role:

Genetics

Major stress

Temperament that is more sensitive to stress or prone to negative emotions

Certain changes in the way parts of your brain function

Panic attacks may come on suddenly and without warning at first, but over time, they're usually triggered by certain situations.

Some research suggests that your body's natural fight-or-flight response to danger is involved in panic attacks. For example, if a grizzly bear came after you, your body would react instinctively. Your heart rate and breathing would speed up as your body prepared for a life-threatening situation. Many of the same reactions occur in a panic attack. But it's unknown why a panic attack occurs when there's no obvious danger present.

Risk factors

Symptoms of panic disorder often start in the late teens or early adulthood and affect more women than men.

Factors that may increase the risk of developing panic attacks or panic disorder include:

Family history of panic attacks or panic disorder

Major life stress, such as the death or serious illness of a loved one

A traumatic event, such as sexual assault or a serious accident

Major changes in your life, such as a divorce or the addition of a baby

Smoking or excessive caffeine intake

History of childhood physical or sexual abuse

Complications

Left untreated, panic attacks and panic disorder can affect almost every area of your life. You may be so afraid of having more panic attacks that you live in a constant state of fear, ruining your quality of life.

Complications that panic attacks may cause or be linked to include:

Development of specific phobias, such as fear of driving or leaving your home

Frequent medical care for health concerns and other medical conditions

Avoidance of social situations

Problems at work or school

Depression, anxiety disorders and other psychiatric disorders

Increased risk of suicide or suicidal thoughts

Alcohol or other substance misuse

Financial problems

For some people, panic disorder may include agoraphobia - avoiding places or situations that cause you anxiety because you fear being unable to escape or get help if you have a panic attack. Or you may become reliant on others to be with you in order to leave your home.

Prevention

There's no sure way to prevent panic attacks or panic disorder. However, these recommendations may help.

Get treatment for panic attacks as soon as possible to help stop them from getting worse or becoming more frequent.

Stick with your treatment plan to help prevent relapses or worsening of panic attack symptoms.

Get regular physical activity, which may play a role in protecting against anxiety.

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Panic attacks and panic disorder - Symptoms and causes

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Learn about effective treatment for sudden episodes of intense fear that trigger severe physical reactions when there is no real danger or apparent cause.