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Zacharias Janssen was born on 1585 and died 1632.

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Zacharias Janssen invented the first optical telescope.

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. Was born on October 15th, 1608, in Faenza, Romagna, and died on October 15th, 1647, in Florence, Italy.
. He was the an Italian mathematician and physicist who was a student to Galileo Galilei.
. He had created the Barometer, a device used to help forecast the weather.
. Due to his work in geometry, he had helped aid the creation of integral calculus.

Below is a picture of Torricelli

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Lived from 1743-1794
He went to college and studied law degree but had a passion for the sciences. He revolutionized chemistry, and named the elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, and many others In 1772 he named the element carbon, He also discovered that when you burn sulfur and phosphorus are burned in air they are acidic. He continued to discover and name more elements.
He also had a 13 year old wife when he was 28

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Antoine Lavoisier 1743 - 1794 http://cloudbiography.com Antoine Lavoisier was a French nobleman who is known as the "father of chemistry." See a related article at Britannica.com: http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/332700/Antoine-Laurent-Lavoisier All content is either in the public domain or licensed pursuant to a Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ Attribution: http://cloudbiography.com/attribution.html

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He was a statesman,and writer his early years.
But he was very interested in the laws of science.
he wanted the people to generate practical knowledge and not rely on what the church says.
he encouraged scientists to not make assumptions and too actually do the experiment and make conclusions.
this is when he decided to create something called empiricism or the experimental method
he had help from Rene Descartes

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René Descartes was born in La Haye en Touraine, France in 1596.

Descartes is a philosopher, scientist, and mathematician. He relied heavily on math and logic to prove his theories and ideas.

Descartes along with Francis Bacon were known for creating the Scientific Method.The Scientific Method is the well known procedure of observation, hypothesis, experiment, testing, and modification of the hypothesis.

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Born April 1, 1578 | Died June 3,1657

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Nicolas Copernicus was born on February 1473 in Poland. He was an Astronomer, Mathematician, Scientist, Religious Figure, and Scholar. He was part of a group that questioned the geocentric theory and instead believed in a heliocentric universe. After many years of fearing of persecution Copernicus published his findings in 1543. Copernicus died in May of 1543, On his deathbed he received a copy of his book and inspired people to continue his research

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Edward Jenner was an English doctor who invented vaccines and is the father of immunology.

Edward Jenner was born in Berkley, Gloucester on May 17th 1749. At the age of 14, he was apprenticed to a surgeon and trained in London. In 1772, he returned to Berkley and spent the rest of his career as a doctor.

In 1796, he carried out his most famous experiment on eight-year-old James Phillips. Edward inserted pus taken from a cowpox pustule into an incision on James' arm. This was to test the folklore that said those who suffered from cowpox never contracted smallpox, which happened to be one of the biggest killers, especially among children.

After this had been proven true, Edward submitted a paper to the Royal Society in 1797, who rejected his letter, saying his ideas were too revolutionary and that he needed to have more proof to back up his claims. He began to continue his testing to gain additional proof, even testing on his 11-month-old son. In 1798, the results of his experiments were finally published, and the word "vaccine" was coined by Jenner in this publishing, the word coming from the Latin 'vacca,' meaning cow.

This discovery, however, was not accepted immediately. Critics, especially the clergy, claimed it was repulsive and ungodly to use Edward's vaccine. People made fun of the discovery, too, as a cartoon created in 1802 depicts vaccinated people sprouting cow's heads.

Eventually, though, the advantages of the smallpox vaccine won out, and it soon became widespread. Jenner became famous and continued to carry out research in a number of different areas.

Edward Jenner, successful, died on January 26th, 1823.

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In 1609 he published the 1st two laws of planetary motion. He continued Tycho Brahe's data, and concluded ceratin mathmeticial laws. As a geniust, he was able to create a law in which stated that the planets revolve around the sun in elliptical orbits. His laws even proved that Copernicus's ideas were true. This was Johannes Kepler, a brilliant mathmetician who created the very laws that we know today- the law of orbits, areas, and periods all relating to motion and planets.
https://www.nasa.gov/kepler/education/johannes

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He was an astronomer/ scientist who created the celsius thermometer scale.

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He discovered the first of the gas laws called Boyle's Law, which relates the pressure of a gas to it's volume.
He established that electrical forces are transmitted through a vacuum, but sound is not.
he was the first person to write specific experimental guidance for other scientists, telling them the importance of achieving reliable, repeatable results.

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lived from 1758-1836
Marie was a french scientific collaborator of her husband.she studied chemistry and languages. became one of chemistry's  first female researchers . she  and her husband coined the term oxygen identified it as an elemental gas.

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(D.O.B : July 18, 1635 - March 3, 1703)

Robert was a British/English scientist who got his education from the University of Oxford.

<--- Hired by this Robert to build the Boylean air pump. (1655)
*Became Robert Boyle's assistant.*

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Andreas Vesalius was born on Dec. 31, 1514, in Brussels, the son of Andries van Wesele and his wife, Isabel Crabbe. Vesalius started his medical studies in 1530. His epoch-making De humani corporis fabrica libri septem (Seven Books on the Construction of the Human Body), published in 1543 in Basel. Book 1 on the bones was generally correct but represented no major advance. Book 2 on the muscles was a masterpiece. Book 3 on blood vessels was exactly the opposite. Somewhat better was book 4 on the nerves, a great advance on everything written on the topic before, but it was largely outmoded a century later. Excellent was his treatment in book 5 of the abdominal organs. Book 6 dealt with the chest and neck, while book 7 was devoted to the brain.

http://biography.yourdictionary.com/andreas-vesalius#aIpwX6wGlFEYmvsh.99

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He was born in march 24, 1733
and died february 6, 1804
he went to daventry academy
he invented the rubber eraser and carbonated water but what he's known for is discovering oxygen

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1. Born on October 24, 1632, in Delft, Netherlands

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1. Born on October 24, 1632, in Delft, Netherlands

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2. Died August 26, 1723 in Delft, Netherlands
3. He was a dutch tradesman
4. He was a scientist.
5. He was best known for his development and improvement of the microscope
6. He was an apprenticed to linen draper
7. Studied blood, bacteria, protozoa, muscle fibers, and spermatozoa.

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Before inventing this Anders Celsius taught at the University of Uppsala

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He wa.s the first to study and look at the sky with a telescope.
born February 15, 1564, Pisa, Italy
Died: January 8, 1642, Arcetri

https://youtu.be/kimNsDT6K28
biggest contribution to the development of science was the way he learned about mechanics.  Galileo was the first scientist to routinely use experiments to test his theories.

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born  may 24, 1686,died September 16, 1736 best known for the alcohol thermometer .

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Daniel Fahrenheit and the Mercury Thermometer

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Daniel Fahrenheit built several types of thermometers, but his Stuff of Genius wasn't restricted to a few temperature measuring devices. Tune in and learn how Daniel Fahrenheit invented the system that bears his name today. Learn the stories of unsung inventor heroes and their trials, tribulations and successes.

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His scale says that 0 degrees is freezing and 100 degrees is boiling

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This thermometer is used almost everywhere except the United States

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Great Scientists - Isaac Newton (pt 1 of 2 )

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dr. allan chapman presents this entertaining introduction to the life and ideas of sir isaac newton (1643-1727). link for part 2 of 2: http://youtu.be/YBBLc9dLt1s

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Tycho Brahe was born December 14 1546 and died October 24 1601. He was a Danish astronomer. He created astronomical instruments such as his Great Globe and Armillary Sphere. He also measured and fixed positions of the stars. The eclipse for August 1 1560 was predicted by Brahe. He observed the overlapping of Jupiter and Saturn and discovered the New Star. One of his big accomplishments was his observatory that he created.

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https://www.biography.com/people/nicolaus-copernicus-9256984

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Rene also developed analytical geometry (linked geometry and geometry.)

Descartes believed proof and clear reasoning was the most important part of finding and developing an idea.

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Elasticity, also known as Hooke's Law is "An objects ability to reform into it's natural shape after being stretched or compressed"
Hooke discovered the Law of Elasticity 5 years after he was hired by Boyle

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He knew a human wasn’t able to witness small objects using naked eye. He started to work on a tool to see those tiny objects. His partner was his father. They created a microscope to magnify objects that come with small size.

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Sir Isaac Newton was born on January 4 1643 in England and died on March 31 1727.

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Sir Isaac Newton was born on January 4 1643 in England and died on March 31 1727.

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He made discoveries in almost every field,he wrote and published a book summarizing many scientist's Theories and discoveries as well as came up with the laws of motion. He also made many discoveries in optics and how colors are seen.

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"I think, therefore I am." -Rene Descartes

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"I think, therefore I am." -Rene Descartes

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Was English Physician

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He was one of four examiners for people that where tried for being a witch

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Zacharias Janssen was a Dutch spectacle-maker from Middelburg

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Rene Descartes - “I think, therefore I am”

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From the BBC Radio 4 series about life's big questions - http://www.bbc.co.uk/historyofideas "I think, therefore I am" This is Descartes' famous Cogito argument: Cogito Ergo Sum. This short animation explains how he came to this conclusion of certainty when surrounded by uncertainty and doubt. Narrated by Stephen Fry. Scripted by Nigel Warburton.

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Jenner observed, experimented with, and dissected cuckoos to find out more about there parasitism. Cuckoos will lay their eggs in other birds nests, the birds will hatch faster than the victims and the cuckoos babies will throw the other eggs out of the nest. Cuckoos have a depression in there back to cup and throw the other eggs with that disappears after 12 days. People previously believed that the adult birds did it but Jenner found that the adults didn't stay that long.

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Youth and education

Tycho's father was a privy councillor and later governor of the castle of Helsingborg, which controls the main waterway to the Baltic Sea. His wealthy and childless uncle abducted Tycho at a very early age and, after the initial parental shock was overcome, raised him at his castle in Tostrup, Scania, also financing the youth's education, which began with the study of law at the University of Copenhagen in 1559-62.

Several important natural events turned Tycho from law to astronomy. The first was the total eclipse of the Sun predicted for August 21, 1560. Such a prediction seemed audacious and marvelous to a 14-year-old student, but when Tycho witnessed its realization he saw and believed-the spark was lit-and, as his many later references testify, he never forgot the event. His subsequent student life was divided between his daytime lectures on jurisprudence, in response to the wishes of his uncle, and his nighttime vigil of the stars. The professor of mathematics helped him with the only printed astronomical book available, the Almagest of Ptolemy, the astronomer of antiquity who described the geocentric conception of the cosmos. Other teachers helped him to construct small globes, on which star positions could be plotted, and compasses and cross-staffs, with which he could estimate the angular separation of stars.

In 1562 Tycho's uncle sent him to the University of Leipzig, where he studied until 1565. Another significant event in Tycho's life occurred in August 1563, when he made his first recorded observation, a conjunction, or overlapping, of Jupiter and Saturn. Almost immediately he found that the existing almanacs and ephemerides, which record stellar and planetary positions, were grossly inaccurate. The Copernican tables were several days off in predicting this event. In his youthful enthusiasm Tycho decided to devote his life to the accumulation of accurate observations of the heavens, in order to correct the existing tables.

Between 1565 and 1570 (or 1572?) he traveled widely throughout Europe, studying at Wittenberg, Rostock, Basel, and Augsburg and acquiring mathematical and astronomical instruments, including a huge quadrant. In 1566 he lost his nose in a duel with Manderup Parsberg, his third cousin who was also a fellow student at Rostock. He and Parsberg became good friends afterward, but Tycho wore a prosthetic nose for the rest of his life. (His nose was long believed to be silver, but an exhumation of Tycho's corpse in 2010 revealed that it was brass.)

Inheriting the estates of his father and of his uncle Jørgen, Tycho then settled in Scania in 1571(?) and constructed a small observatory on property owned by a relative. Here occurred the third and most important astronomical event in Tycho's life. On November 11, 1572, he suddenly saw a " new star," brighter than Venus and where no star was supposed to be, in the constellation Cassiopeia. He carefully observed the new star, and showed that it lay beyond the Moon and therefore was in the realm of the fixed stars. To the world at the time, this phenomenon-a supernova (which could be seen by the unaided eye until March 1574)-was a disquieting discovery because the intellectual community protected itself against the uncertainties of the future by confidence in the Aristotelian doctrine of inner and continuous harmony of the whole world. This harmony was ruled by the stars, which were regarded as perfect and unchanging. The news that a star could change as dramatically as that described by Tycho, together with the reports of the Copernican theory that the Sun, not Earth, was the centre of the universe, shook confidence in the immutable laws of antiquity and suggested that the chaos and imperfections of Earth were reflected in the heavens. Tycho's discovery of the new star in Cassiopeia in 1572 and his publication of his observations of it in De nova stella in 1573 marked his transformation from a Danish dilettante to an astronomer with a European reputation.

By marrying a peasant's daughter, named Kirstine, in 1573, Tycho-as a nobleman's son-scandalized most of his contemporaries. He seldom mentioned her in his extensive correspondence (which still exists), and it is probable that he was interested mainly in a companion who would superintend his household without being involved in court functions and intrigues. Tycho and Kirstine had eight children, six of whom survived him.

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Tycho Brahe | Accomplishments, Biography, & Facts

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Tycho Brahe, (born December 14, 1546, Knudstrup, Scania, Denmark-died October 24, 1601, Prague), Danish astronomer whose work in developing astronomical instruments and in measuring and fixing the positions of stars paved the way for future discoveries. His observations-the most accurate possible before the invention of the telescope-included a comprehensive study of the solar system and accurate positions of more than 777 fixed stars.

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*Hooke was the person to coin the term "Cell"
*Hooke was the person who invented the "Balance Spring" that is used in watches.
*Hooke had learned Greek and Latin

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He studied the heart for a long time