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God given rights

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Radicals

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The right to vote

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The people rule themselves

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The author of the Declaration of Independence

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6.	How did the American and French Revolutions influence Latin American independence movements?

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6.	How did the American and French Revolutions influence Latin American independence movements?

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Influence of the American and French Revolutions on Latin America • Slaves in Haiti rebelled, abolished slavery, and won independence. • Father Miguel Hidalgo started the Mexican independence movement. • French, Spanish, and Portuguese colonies gained independence. Selected countries that gained independence during the 1800s • Mexico • Haiti • Colombia • Venezuela • Brazil

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5.	What improved technologies and institutions were important to European economies? 

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5.	What improved technologies and institutions were important to European economies? 

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Technologies • All-weather roads improved yearround transport and trade. • New designs in farm tools increased productivity (agricultural revolution). • Improvements in ship design lowered the cost of transport.

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4.	Who were some of the composers, artists, philosophers, and writers of the period? 

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4.	Who were some of the composers, artists, philosophers, and writers of the period? 

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Representative composers, artists, philosophers, and writers • Johann Sebastian Bach: Baroque composer • Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart: Classical composer • Voltaire: Philosopher • Miguel de Cervantes: Novelist • Eugène Delacroix: Painter (transition to the Romantic School of the nineteenth century) New schools of art and forms of literature • Painting depicted classical subjects, public events, natural scenes, and living people (portraits). • New forms of literature evolved, such as the novel (e.g., Cervantes’ Don Quixote).

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3.	How did the ideas of the Enlightenment contribute to causing the French Revolution?

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3.	How did the ideas of the Enlightenment contribute to causing the French Revolution?

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Causes of the French Revolution • Influence of Enlightenment ideas • Influence of the American Revolution Events of the French Revolution • Storming of the Bastille • Reign of Terror Outcomes of the French Revolution • End of the absolute monarchy of Louis XVI • Rise of Napoleon

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2.	How did the Enlightenment promote revolution in the American colonies? 

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2.	How did the Enlightenment promote revolution in the American colonies? 

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Influence of the Enlightenment • Political philosophies of the Enlightenment fueled revolution in the Americas and France. • Thomas Jefferson’s Declaration of Independence incorporated Enlightenment ideas. • The Constitution of the United States of America and Bill of Rights incorporated Enlightenment ideas.

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How did the philosophers of the Enlightenment influence thinking on political issues? 

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How did the philosophers of the Enlightenment influence thinking on political issues? 

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Enlightenment thinkers and their ideas • Thomas Hobbes’ Leviathan: Humans exist in a primitive “state of nature” and consent to government for self-protection. • John Locke’s Two Treatises on Government: People are sovereign and consent to government for protection of natural rights to life, liberty, and property. • Montesquieu’s The Spirit of Laws: The best form of government includes a separation of powers. • Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s The Social Contract: Government is a contract between rulers and the people. • Voltaire: Religious toleration should triumph over religious fanaticism; separation of church and state.