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You create and manipulate your documents and files using various elements, such as panels, bars, and windows. Any arrangement of these elements is called a workspace.

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A toolbar is a set of icons or buttons that are part of a software program's interface or an open window. When it is part of a program's interface, the toolbar typically sits directly under the menu bar. For example, AdobePhotoshop includes a toolbar that allows you to adjust settings for each selected tool.

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The Layers palette is the Grand Central Station for managing layers. To display the palette, choose Window–>Show Layers or just press F7. Here's what you need to know to navigate the Layers palette: The Background is the bottom layer in the image.

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A menu bar is a user interface element that contains selectable commands and options for a specific program. In Windows, menu bars are typically located at the top of open windows. ... The View menu typically includes zoom commands and options to show or hide elements within the window

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The Adjustment Layers in Photoshop are a group of a super useful, non-destructive image editing tools that add color and tonal adjustments to your image without permanently changing its pixels.

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the intensity of a color, expressed as the degree to which it differs from white.

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In photography and image processing, color balance is the global adjustment of the intensities of the colors (typically red, green, and blue primary colors). An important goal of this adjustment is to render specific colors – particularly neutral colors – correctly. Hence, the general method is sometimes called gray balance, neutral balance, or white balance.

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The move tool allows you to move a selection or entire layer by dragging it with your mouse or using your keyboard arrows keys. The move tool is located at the top right of the Photoshop Toolbox. When the move tool is selected, click and drag anywhere in the image.

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The Zoom Tool is used to change the zoom level of your working image. If you only click on the image, the zoom is applied to the whole image. But you can also click-and-drag the mouse pointer to create a zoom rectangle.

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The Hand tool is more of a function than an actual tool because you rarely need to click the Hand tool to use it. Simply hold down the spacebar while using any other tool, and the cursor changes into the Hand icon, enabling you to move the image around in its window by dragging.

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Magnetic Lasso Tool. This is a very handy tool for selecting areas which have reasonably well-defined edges. Left-click at the starting point of your selection and simply move the mouse along the edge. "Fastening points" are automatically made at various points along the edges.

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Select the magic wand tool in the toolbox. In the options bar, select a Tolerance value (0 to 255). This determines how closely to match colours - higher tolerance means a larger selection. Check Anti-aliased to define a smooth edge to the selection.

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Polygonal Lasso Tool. Similar to the lasso tool, except that instead of holding your mouse button down to draw, left-click on various points to create a selection with a series of straight edges. You can also hold down the Alt key (Windows) or Option key (Mac OS) to draw freehand sections.

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Select the Quick Selection tool . ...

In the options bar, click one of the selection options: New, Add To, or Subtract From. ...

To change the brush tip size, click the Brush pop-up menu in the options bar, and type in a pixel size or drag the slider. ...

Choose Quick Selection options.

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The Marquee tool is the most basic of selection toolsand often the one most useful. This tool is used to draw selections based on geometric shapes. Specifically, the marquee tool allows you to drawrectangular and elliptical selections. To form the selection, simply click and drag the mouse.

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ctrl alt z

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hold ALT while scrolling wheel

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b

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e

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[ ] brackets

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alt + click color

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ctrl j

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ctrl shift j

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hold shift

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hold alt

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ctrl d

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refine edge

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shift ctrl i

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ctrl e

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The spot healing brush is the default healing tool inPhotoshop and can be used to clone areas from an image and blend the pixels from the sampled area seamlessly with the target area. The basic principle is that the texture from the sample area is blended with the color and luminosity surrounding wherever you paint.

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The Healing Brush tool allows you to fix image imperfections such as scratches, blemishes, etc. By sampling the surrounding area or using a predefined pattern you can blend the imperfections into the rest of the image. The healing brush tool is located in the Photoshop Toolbox

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The Patch Tool is one of the best tools Photoshop has to offer. It can save you a ton of time when trying to make some adjustments to your image. You can use it to remove small or large areas from your photo. You can also use it to duplicate parts of your photo.

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In Photoshop CS6, the Photoshop team introduced a newContent Aware feature called Content Aware Move. Content Aware Move will allow you to select pixels and move or extend them to another area of your image without the use of layers and masks.

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Red eye in portraits is caused when the flash source is used too close to the lens axis and the pupils of the eye are wide open. ... Failing that, the red eye tool in Photoshop is an easy-to-use tool for removing red eye from photographs that have been taken with a direct flash source.

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The Dodge tool and the Burn tool lighten or darken areas of the image. These tools are based on a traditional darkroom technique for regulating exposure on specific areas of a print. Photographers hold back light to lighten an area on the print (dodging) or increase the exposure to darken areas on a print (burning).

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The Sponge Tool saturates / desaturates image areas: In the Toolbox, select theSponge Tool. Choose brush size and style*. Select mode (what do you want - saturate or desaturate). Set the tool's Flow (tool's strength)

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Burn tool lighten or darken areas of the image. These tools are based on a traditional darkroom technique for regulating exposure on specific areas of a print. Photographers hold back light to lighten an area on the print (dodging) or increase the exposure to darken areas on a print (burning)

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Photoshop Clone Stamp Tool. Photoshop's clone stamp toolallows you to duplicate part of an image.

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The Crop Tool cuts out a defined area deleting or hiding the rest of an image: In the Toolbox, select theCrop Tool, click on the image and draw a rectangle holding mouse's button pressed

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The Art of Using Aspect Ratios in Digital Photography. ... As mentioned before aspect ratio deals with width and height. It basically describes how square (1:1) or wide (16:9) or image is. It's expressed as a figure, like this: width:height (width always comes first). The aspect ratioof the 35mm frame is 3:2.

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Drag along a feature in the image that you want to orient horizontally or vertically.A If you need to adjust the line, move either endpoint. The current angle is listed as the A value on the Options bar

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Layer masks use values of gray to assign levels of transparency to specific portions of a layer or group of layers

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The Blur Tool is used to paint a blur effect. Each stroke made using the Blur Tool will lower the contrast between affected pixels, making them appear blurred. ... A softblur brush will alter pixels at varying strengths, stronger in the center turning weaker towards the edges.

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Sharpening enhances the definition of edges in an image. Whether your images come from a digital camera or a scanner, most images can benefit from sharpening. ... Sharpen your image multiple times in small amounts. Sharpen the first time to correct blur captured by a scanner or digital camera

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The Smudge tool simulates the effect you see when you drag a finger through wet paint. The tool picks up color where the stroke begins and pushes it in the direction you drag. ... Select Finger Painting in the options bar to smudge using the foreground color at the beginning of each stroke

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The Gradient tool creates a gradual blend between multiple colors. You can choose from preset gradient fills or create your own. Note: You cannot use the Gradient toolwith bitmap or indexed-color images. To fill part of the image, select the desired area

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The Paint Bucket tool is grouped with the Gradient tool in the toolbar. If you can't find the Paint Bucket tool, click and hold the Gradient tool to access it. Specify whether to fill the selection with the foreground color or with a pattern. Specify a blending mode and opacity for the paint.

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The Horizontal Type Tool creates and edits vector-based text in a separate layer. In the Toolbox, select the Horizontal Type Tool. On the Options bar, set the font options: family (style), size, color and anti-aliasing method. Click on your image and type.

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The Vertical Type Tool creates and edits vector-based text in a separate layer. In the Toolbox, select the Vertical Type Tool. On the Options bar, set the font options: family (style), size, color and anti-aliasing method.

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In photography, the golden hour is a period shortly after sunrise or before sunset during which daylight is redder and softer than when the Sun is higher in the sky.

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High-dynamic-range imaging (HDRI) is a high dynamic range (HDR) technique used in imaging and photography to reproduce a greater dynamic range of luminosity than is possible with standard digital imaging or photographic techniques.

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In photography and optics, vignetting (/vɪnˈjɛtɪŋ/; French: "vignette") is a reduction of an image's brightness or saturation toward the periphery compared to the image center. The word vignette, from the same root as vine, originally referred to a decorative border in a book.

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Diptychs and Triptychs: Origins. Diptych and triptych come from the Greek meaning two (dip) or three (trip) fold (tych). This usually referred to a work of art that was divided into sections and hinged together but has come to be something that is widely used in photography and the art world.

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A photographic triptych is a common style used in modern commercial artwork. The photographs are usually arranged with a plain border between them. The work may consist of separate images that are variants on a theme, or may be one larger image split into three.