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Where you create and manipulate your documents and files using various elements, such as panels, bars, and windows.

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Tools panel appears at the left of the screen. You can view information about any tool by positioning the pointer over it.

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The Layers palette is the Grand Central Station for managing layers. To display the palette, choose Window–>Show Layers or just press F7.

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a user interface element that contains selectable commands and options for a specific program. In

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Adjustment layers provide Nondestructive edits, Selective editing, Ability to apply adjustments to multiple images, adjust their opacity and blending mode, and you can group them to apply the adjustment to specific layers. Likewise, you can turn their visibility on and off to apply or preview the effect.

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the state or process that occurs when no more of something can be absorbed, combined with, or added.

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the global adjustment of the intensities of the colors (typically red, green, and blue primary colors). An important goal of this adjustment is to render specific colors – particularly neutral colors – correctly.

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allows you to move a selection or entire layer by dragging it with your mouse or using your keyboard arrows keys. The move tool is located at the top right of the Photoshop Toolbox

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to zoom in or zoom out of an image. When you use the Zoom tool, each click magnifies or reduces the image to the next preset percentage and centers the display around the point you click.

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Use the Hand tool while zooming. When the Hand tool is active, you can hold down the Alt key (Option key on the Mac) and click the image to zoom out, or hold down the Ctrl key (Command key on the Mac) and click to zoom in

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The Lasso tool is useful for drawing free form segments of a selection border.

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lets you select a consistently colored area (for example, a red flower) without having to trace its outline. You specify the selected color range, or tolerance, relative to the original color you click.

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The Polygonal Lasso tool is useful for drawing straight-edged segments of a selection border.

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lets you select the most prominent subject in an image in a single click. Identifies  a variety of objects in an image—people, animals, vehicles, toys, and more.

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Makes a rectangular selection (or a square, when used with the Shift key).

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CTRL + ALT + Z

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Create new layer- new duplicate layer from selection

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Create new layer- new duplicate layer from selection

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CTRL + J

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CTRL + SHIFT + J

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Hold SHIFT

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Hold ALT

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CTRL + D

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Refine edge

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Inverse selection (Reverse what you selected

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Inverse selection (Reverse what you selected

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CTRL + SHIFT + I

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Merges a layer to what layer is below it

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Merges a layer to what layer is below it

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CTRL + E

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ALT + Mouse Wheel

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B

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E

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Brackets [ or ]

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ALT + Click color (Paint Brush Tool)

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quickly removes blemishes and other imperfections in your photos

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allows you to fix image imperfections such as scratches, blemishes, etc. By sampling the surrounding area or using a predefined pattern you can blend the imperfections into the rest of the image.

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used to repair larger areas of an image, or get rid of any distractions or blemishes. uses selection-defined areas instead of a brush.

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Use the Content-Aware Move tool to select and move a part of a picture. The image is recomposed, and the hole left behind is filled using matching elements from the picture. You do not need to carry out intensive edits involving layers and complex selections.

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Takes away the red eye caused by using flash while photographing

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Brightens an area

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Darkens an area

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Tones down or increases the color of an area

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paints one part of an image over another part of the same image or over another part of any open document that has the same color mode. You can also paint part of one layer over another layer. The Clone Stamp tool is useful for duplicating objects or removing a defect in an image.

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changes the number of pixels in an image by "cropping" away the pixels from the surrounding area

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the ratio of the width to the height of an image or screen.

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Place the pointer a little outside the corner handles and drag to rotate the image. A grid displays inside the crop box and the image rotates behind it.

Click Straighten in the control bar and then using the Straighten tool, draw a reference line to straighten the photo. For example, draw a line along the horizon or an edge to straighten the image along it.

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Use layer masks to take part of one image and put it into a different image. White, black and grey layer masks.

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decreases the contrast among adjacent pixels in the area painted

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enhances details without introducing noticeable artifacts. You can sharpen areas selectively without having to use a mask

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simulates the effect you see when you drag a finger through wet paint. The tool picks up color where the stroke begins and pushes it in the direction you drag.

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creates a gradual blend between multiple colors

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fills adjacent pixels that are similar in color value to the pixels you click

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creates and edits vector-based text in a separate layer.

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creates and edits vector-based text in a separate layer.

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a period shortly after sunrise or before sunset during which daylight is redder and softer than when the Sun is higher in the sky.

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High Dynamic Range. It is a post-processing task of taking either one image or a series of images, combining them, and adjusting the contrast ratios to do things that are virtually impossible with a single aperture and shutter speed.

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darkening of image corners when compared to the center

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an exposure meter that measures light reflected from only a small area of a subject or scene.

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takes the exposure from approximately 6.5% of the viewfinder area, whereas for spot metering the brightness is measured using 2.5% of the scenery. Use when the background is much brighter than the subject

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a mode of automatic light metering in a camera that compensates for differences in the brightness of the central and peripheral portions of the image.

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Default metering mode on most DSLRs. It works by dividing the entire frame into multiple “zones”, which are then all analyzed on individual basis for light and dark tones

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a work made up of two matching parts

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a work made up of three matching parts