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This system doesn't even require that anyone is in the car as it allows owners to manage automatic parking and un-parking from a smartphone app. It also has the ability to locate adequately sized spaced and even take over a variety of key vehicle functions including, steering, braking and shifting.

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Autonomous parking with ultrasonic sensors

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Autonomous parking with ultrasonic sensors

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This robotic car is able to completely the task we attend to fulfill by the end of the unit using an algorithm and ultrasonic sensors to detect its surroundings.

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Autonomous parking with ultrasonic sensors

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This autonomously parking car was built by me in one summer at Virginia Tech as part of a summer internship. I designed and built the hardware as well as the algorithm it uses to execute its automatic parking motion.

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Ideally, we will be able to design a robotic car that is able to do the same as the one in the video attached below.

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Autonomous Parallel Parking Robot. Department of Instrumentation and Control Systems Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Thailand

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Existing Product (Self Parking Car) - 2016 Tesla Model S

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Existing Product (Self Parking Car) - 2016 Tesla Model S

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Self parking with remote-parking capability with its “Summon” app. Used by owners to park and un-park. Ability to digitally control the engine, brakes and steering also enable the Model S’s other Autopilot functions, including lane keeping, collision avoidance and adaptive cruise control.

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Turn on your signal and pull up three feet away from the car you want to park behind. Align your back tires with the other car’s back bumper.

Put your car into reverse and turn your wheels all the way to the right.

Slowly back up until you are at a 45-degree angle, then stop.

Turn the wheels all the way to the left.

Back up slowly until you are parallel with the curb.

Should be less than 12 inches from the curb.

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One of the most common configurations found in cars is Ackerman steering which mechanically coordinates the angle of two front wheels which are fixed on a common axle used for steering and two rear wheels fixed on another axle for driving. Ackermann Steering
The advantage in this design is increased control, better stability and maneuverability on road, less slippage and less power consumption.

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Steering Mechanism converts the rotation of the steering wheel into a swiveling movement of the road wheels in such a way that the steering-wheel rim turns a long way to move the road wheels a short way.
The system allows a driver to use only light forces to steer a heavy car.

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Illustration #118 from our guide How the steering system works

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A high quality illustration from our guide to How the steering system works

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The most common type of control mechanism especially for beginners because of it's simplicity. Velocity difference between two motors drive the robot in any required path and direction. Hence the name “Differential” drive.  Differential wheeled robot can have two independently driven wheels fixed on a common horizontal axis or three wheels where two independently driven wheels and a roller ball or a castor attached to maintain equilibrium.

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1. Gather materials.

Two motors

Two wheels

Arduino microcontroller board (the Arduino Uno is a good choice for beginners)

Motor driver shield or motor driver circuit.

Battery holder and 6 volts of batteries (e.g. four AA batteries)

Chassis: a sheet of acrylic or plexiglass, about 16.5 x 11.5cm.

2. Attach the wheels and motors to the chassis. Thread each wheel onto one of the motors.

3. Glue on the battery holder.

4. Attach the motor driver circuit.

5. Position the Arduino.

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Skid steering is another driving mechanism implemented on vehicles with either tracks or wheels which uses differential drive concept.Most common Skid steered vehicles are tracked tanks and bulldozers. This method engages one side of the tracks or wheels and turning is done by generating differential velocity at opposite side of a vehicle as the wheels or tracks in the vehicle are non-steerable.

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Extra photo to better explain Ackermann steering