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An Energy Pyramid is a model that shows the flow of energy in a trophic, or feeding level to the net in an ecosystem. The different trophic levels represent the different groups of organisms that can compose a food chain. Starting from the bottom, going up-wards they are as follows:

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Bring energy from nonliving sources into the community

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Eat the producers, which makes them herbivores in most communities

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Eat the primary consumers, which makes them carnivores but they can also be an omnivore

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Eat the secondary consumers which makes them omnivores.

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Food Chains are a series of organisms which each depend on the next as a source of food. They show how each organism gets food, and how nutrients and energy are passed on from creature to creature.

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Feed directly on Autotrophs (Herbivores)

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2° Consumers --> feed on 1° consumers (Carnivores/Omnivores)

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3° Consumers --> feed on 2° consumers (Carnivores/Omnivores)

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Feeds only on plants

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Feed only on meat (flesh)

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Feeds on both plants & meat

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Organisms that feed on dead organic matter & decompose it

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Feed on dead organic matter & digest it internally (they have a gut)

The large of dung Beatles

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Feed on dead organic matter & digest it externally (they don't have a gut), they digest by releasing digestive enzymes onto the dead organic matter & then absorbing the products of the digestion

Bacteria and fungi

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Producers (organisms that are able to produce their own foods)

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Consumers, organisms that feed on other organisms (living organisms or recently killed organisms)

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Obtaining food for energy and the materials needed for growth

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All enzyme-catalyzed chemical reactions that take place inside the cells

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Irreversible increase in size

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Perceiving and reacting to a change in the environment

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Getting rid of waste products

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Maintaining a controlled environment

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Producing offspring either sexually or asexually

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Only 10% of the energy contained within a trophic level is transferred onto the next level. 90% is "lost"

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Organisms may die before they can be consumed

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Organisms use a lot of their energy for their own needs (for cell respiration) (for all 7 functions of life)

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Not all parts of an organism are consumed by the other organism that feeds on the other

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Not all parts are digested

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These 4 reasons contribute to the 90% loss of energy from one tropic level to the next

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Organic compounds (Sugars -> Glucose) (C₆H₁₂O₆) + O₂ -------->
CO₂ + H₂O + ATP

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Used for the 7 functions of life

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Energy in the form of ATP

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ATP can be used readily by cells & organisms

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THERE IS A LIMIT IN THE NUMBER OF TROPHIC LEVELS & THE LENGTH OF A FOOD CHAIN

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THERE IS A LIMIT IN THE NUMBER OF TROPHIC LEVELS & THE LENGTH OF A FOOD CHAIN