# data[].attributes.body
Today critics fear that the black communities are split. They believe the new black middle class may be abandoning their poorer brothers and sisters to the ghetto. In other words some critics say there are social classes within the black communities now

# data[].attributes.body
In 2008 Barack Obama was elected the first black president of the United States, and in 2012 he was re-elected.

# data[].attributes.body
Voter registration was, and still is, important to blacks. They wanted to turn voting rights into political power. The number of elected black officials went from 1,500 in the mid-1970's to more than 10,500 in 2013 nationwide. Still, this is less than 2% of all elected officials. There is a progress, but not equl

# data[].attributes.body
The Black Power movement was a civil rights movement in the 1960's. Blacks meant that separation was a necessity now in order to develop black pride and Black Power. The Black Panthers defended those black neighbourhoods, with violence if necessary. Some key-players  for this time period are Malcolm X, Angela Davis, Stokely Carmichael and Huey Newton

# data[].attributes.body
In 1963 more than 200,000 protestors took part in the March on Washington where they de-segregated communities, restaurants, pools etc. This was the same day Martin Luther King Jr. held his well-known speech; "I Have a Dream".

# data[].attributes.body
The Jim Crow laws, also known as the Black Codes, was a set of laws that created a system of segregation. Blacks could not vote, marry whites, mix with whites in public places, give evidence against whites in court, buy or rent farmlands or attend the same schools. If blacks protested they risked being lynched by the Ku Klux Klan.

# data[].attributes.body
In the 1920's when the United States mobilized for the First Wold War blacks were given a new alternative. Instead of working in the plantations it was now possible to move to the north or west where there were jobs in the war-industries. Hundres of blacks moved, they created black communities in the industrial cities with their own culture without white interference. Harlem in New York became the center of black artistic and organizational activities.

# data[].attributes.body
The Underground railway was an illegal escape route for slaves to the North and Canada.

# data[].attributes.body
One of the reasons the Freedman's Bureau was established was because few believed in the equality among ethnic groups. The bureau was established in 1865 to guide the newly freed blacks to self-sufficiency. This was one of the measures to improve the situation of blacks taken by the Congress during "Reconstruction" (1865-1877).

# data[].attributes.body
Between 10 and 15 million people were kidnapped and forced into slavery in the English Colonies in North America.