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1. He didn't believe that science and art would improve life for all people.
2. A direct democracy
3. An advantage would be that there's little to no disagreement on a decision being made. A disadvantage would be that of giving your freedom up.
4. An agreement among free individuals to create a society and a government.

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1694-1778
He was born in Paris France .
He wrote about aristocracy and government.
He used satire in his writing. Satire means to use humor, irony, exaggeration or ridicule to expose stupidity or vices.
He was sent to prison twice and he was exiled to England for almost 2 years
"I do not agree with a word you say but will defend to the death your right to say it."

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1: He believed laws existed to preserve social order, not to avenge crimes.

2: He opposed torturing of witnesses and suspects, irregular proceedings in trials, and punishments that were arbitrary or cruel.

3: He felt that the degree of punishment should be based on the severity of the crime, and that everyone should be innocent until proven guilty.

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2. Thomas believed that the human nature was "naturally selfish and wicked." He thought that you could only become human if their rights were handed over to a head ruler. He believed this because he witnessed the English Civil War and ingrained this into his mind.

4. The social contract was a type of government that exchanged their rights (such as the freedom of speech) in exchange for a strong law and order. Hobbes believed that the best government was one with the power of a "leviathan." In his view, a government like this was an absolute monarchy, who could impose punishments with ease.

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1.)August 29, 1632,October 28, 1704,Wrington, Somerset, England

2.)Locke believed that people were able to learn from experience and improve themselves along the way. He believed that they,as reasonable human beings, had the natural ability to govern themselves and look after the welfare of their own society.

3.) He believed in self government the purpose of government is to protect the three rights all people are born with life, liberty, and property.

4.”He is usually considered the first of the British Empiricists, the movement which included George Berkeley and David Hume, and which provided the main opposition to the 17th Century Continental Rationalists. He argued that all of our ideas are ultimately derived from experience, and the knowledge of which we are capable is therefore severely limited in its scope and certainty.

His Philosophy of Mind is often cited as the origin for modern conceptions of identity and "the self". He also postulated, contrary to Cartesian and Christian Philosophy, that the mind was a "tabula rasa" (or "blank slate") and that people are born without innate ideas.

Along with Thomas Hobbes and Jean-Jacques Rousseau, he was also one of the originators of Contractarianism (or Social Contract Theory), which formed the theoretical groundwork of democracy, republicanism and modern Liberalism and Libertarianism. He is sometimes referred to as the "Philosopher of Freedom", and his political views influenced both the American and French Revolution” © 2008 Luke Mastinhttp://www.philosophybasics.com/philosophers_locke.html

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1. 1588-1679, he was from England
2. Hobbes viewed humans as naturally selfish and wicked due to the so-called horrors of the English civil war. He stated that without government life would be ¨solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short.¨
3.*
4. His social contract was a way for people to escape a bleak life by handing over rights to a strong ruler. In return, they received law and order. Since people acted on their own accord, they needed an absolute monarchy that had a ruler capable of keeping citizens in line. This social contract was formed between the people and the government/ruler.

*I personally disagree, because there were many other countries throughout history, especially modern history, that functioned in a successful way without an absolute ruler. For example, modern day England and the United States. We have a president that has power, but is very limited due to checks and balances (an idea from Montesquieu)*

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1.) "A vindication of the rights of women" she believed that women needed education to became virtuous and useful
2.)To Wollstonecraft education is important to become virtuous and useful.
3) Wealthy women have social gatherings that are called Salons. Women do this to spread ideas about the Enlightenment.

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1.He was originally fromLa Brède, France
2.His book was titled On the Spirit of Laws in which he said that separation of power would keep people or groups of people from having complete control over the government.
He believed that Power should be a check to power, this idea is called checks and balances which was used in the united states constitution.
3.One advantage of this philosophy is that one group or person could not seize complete control over the government very easily.  A disadvantage is that a group or person could gain control of all checks like if the democrats had the executive and legislative branches and liberals held the judicial branch.While it would be difficult it could happen