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Repealed allotment, surplus lands returned to tribes & additional lands could be acquired for tribes.

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protect the Indians by holding the "excess lands" in trust and inalienable for a period of 25 years.

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allowed  head of a family or 21 years + of age, to file for a ¼ section of unappropriated public land (160 acres).

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US troops round up 16,000 Cherokees to camps depriving them of their basic human rights & dignity.

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46,000 Native Americans removed from land east of Mississippi → 25 million acres opened to white settlement & slavery

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Resulted in most Seminoles moving to new territory.

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John Ross ( Cherokee Nation Principal Chief) petitioned treaty, but Congress approved anyway.

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Indian removal Act passed → Jackson has power to negotiate removal treaties with Indian tribes living east of Mississippi River.

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Supreme Court rules Indians can occupy land in US, but not hold title to it.

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US Military forces  defeat Creek Nation & gain 22 million acres of land.