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Evolution is connected to overpopulation and the availability of resources. The growth of populations is faster than the production of resources such as food that is necessary to sustain that population. When the growing population maxes out the limits of the available resources, individuals face competition for access to these resources which is a driver for natural selection. 

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Evolution is connected to overpopulation and the availability of resources. The growth of populations is faster than the production of resources such as food that is necessary to sustain that population. When the growing population maxes out the limits of the available resources, individuals face competition for access to these resources which is a driver for natural selection. 

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-Alexandra S.

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Aristotle believed that when organisms evolved, they would follow a particular "natural scale" or hierarchy in which they would start off as non-beings and would slowly evolve into beings (starting from minerals -> plants -> animals -> woman -> man -> demons -> angels -> god)

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Essentially, Malthus argued that the growth of a population will outrun its ability to feed itself. An unchecked population will bring about competition and survival of the fittest in order to reproduce. He discovered that forces of fertility exist, not just in humans, but also in animals and plants.

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Acquired traits or characteristics can be passed on to offspring.

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Natural selection is a mechanism of evolution wherein populations with adaptive traits are favored and selected to pass these beneficial traits to their offspring.

-Erin Tanchoco

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Theory of use and disuse - when a body part is used then it evolves and when it is not it would be reduced.

- Kaye Ladesma

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Natural Selection occurs with no specific direction, has no specific end-goal, and is not a road to "perfection."
-Nisa Dait

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Darwin believed that new species come from pre-existing species by undergoing gradual modification in heritable traits over generations.
- Milika Aquino

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CAROLUS LINNAEUS: Systema Naturae

He presented a system for naming and classifying organisms as well as noting the relationships between the classifications made.

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Darwin's study of the Galapagos finches supported his theory on evolution, wherein organisms evolve for adaptation and fitness.
- Neal Balgoa

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Alfred Russel Wallace helped Charles Darwin develop the theory of natural selection and evolution. He sought to understand how species evolved, and realized that living organisms evolve through adapting to their environments.
- Romano Coronel

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Building up on what Gab posted, humans, animals and plants all can reproduce but plants are not motile that's why plants are lower than animals. Aristotle placed humans above all other life forms and below the divine because he believed that they're the only ones capable of thinking rationally.
- Merylle Pascual

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Since organisms beget like organisms, having certain traits be more advantageous towards survival results in the organisms that possess said traits passing on such characteristics to their offspring. Over time, this allows for a shift in genetic variation within a population - causing evolution to occur.

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Species evolve from simple forms to more complex forms.
- Hershey Zarcilla

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Species don't become extinct, they just evolve into other species.

-Pia Marasigan

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Another concept Darwin introduced is Darwinian fitness. Species that possess the more favorable variation given a certain environment and as such, are able to pass on their genes to the next generation, are considered to have high fitness.
- Clarice Agatep

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He provided the genetic basis of variation and inheritance which Darwin lacked in his theory of evolution.
-Pat San Luis

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In addition to the "natural scale" that Gab mentioned and how organisms are ranked as Merylle has mentioned as well, Aristotle also believed that such rankings cannot be interchanged and that the hierarchy is fixed.

- Colleen Castaño

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Lamarck proposed the Theory of Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics. An example of this is his suggestion that ancestral giraffes stretched their necks resulting in longer necks across generations.

-Kathryn Yabut

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He co-developed the theory of evolution and natural selection alongside Charles Darwin. Although Darwin is often credited for the formation and discovery of the theory, Wallace also had a major part in the formation. In addition to this, while Darwin predominantly concentrated his study on the Galapagos, Wallace studied the southeast Asian islands.
- Daniel Elson Go

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Additionally, I recall the term "Scala Naturae" was the one used by Aristotle to describe what everyone previously said as the "natural scale" or "hierarchy." On what Merylle stated as "divine" and Colleen said as "fixed," Aristotle believed that God designed organisms in this "absolute" manner. As such, he provided a rigid theory on evolution.

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(Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium); this theory states that, in a population, genetic variation will be constant through generations if there are no 'disturbing factors' (such as immigration/ emigration, mutation, etc.)

-Gloria Delgado