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In 1909, Haber figured out he could successfully fix atmospheric nitrogen (a key limiting agent in plant growth) by converting it into ammonia. A few years later, using Haber’s findings, Bosch developed the first industrial-scale application of the Haber Bosch process and nitrogen fertilizers started being produced on a large scale to boost crop growth and feed the world. Today, the Haber Bosch process is a key part of the conventional process of crop cultivation worldwide.

The Haber Bosch Process has an ecological impact since soil fertilizers are easily soluble in water and can be washed away from the soil in nearby water bodies. This causes eutrophication. Exponential algae growth covers the surface of the water body, preventing sunlight to reach many marine species. These organisms are unable to carry out photosynthesis and die. Moreover, algae also consume most of the water’s oxygen, often leading to fish dying from oxygen deprivation, further impacting marine life.

The Haber process also directly affects humans. Methemoglobinemia is described as the reduced ability of the blood to carry oxygen due to reduced levels of normal haemoglobin. One of the most common causes is nitrate in drinking water which can be originated by the leeching of nitrogen fertilizer into groundwater-drinking water. According to the World Health Organization, some children may have trouble breathing as well as vomiting and diarrhea. In extreme cases, there is marked lethargy, an increase in the production of saliva, loss of consciousness, and convulsions, and even death.

The ammonia production from Haber process made inexpensive fertilizers available to the world, allowing many people to grow a steady abundance of food for the first time.

Invention of the Haber-Bosch ammonia process also had an unintended consequence: It sparked a global population boom that has yet to slack off. With fertilizers boosting food production, world population has climbed from about 1.6 billion people in 1900 to about 6.7 billion people today.

Chemical fertilizers contribute about half of the nitrogen input into global agriculture, while biological nitrogen-fixation taking place in leguminous plants contributes the other half. That means about half of the nitrogen atoms in the body of an average person living in a developed country once passed through a chemical plant and participated in the Haber reaction. Perhaps no other human invention has had a more dramatic impact on Earth than Haber reaction.

In my opinion, the Haber process has both important positive and negative impacts on the environment and society. It is important to licence and control the use of ammonia produced from the Haber process. There should be educational camps held for farmers in which the adequate and safe use of ammonia should be taught.

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Ammonia production: The double-edged word

Ammonia production is accredited to its bountiful use as an effective fertilizer. Ammonia synthesis exponentially increased harvests and prevented deadly famines that previously ravaged the lives of millions. However, the often-good facet of ammonia production hides its infamous counterpart. Ammonia is key component in explosive TNT (trinitrotoluene), where Haber spend years on poison gas research, earning the title “father of chemical welfare”.  Commercial production and use of the Bosch-Haber process calls regulation and, the dedicated union of policymakers, researchers and innovators bound to finding ways of controlling production and distribution. Curbing and tightening of production and the further proposition of global guidelines of its use and availability.

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Haber's process is an important reaction and cannot be stopped or banned.
As the reaction provided us humans with fertilizer which is a vital part and a factor that has a direct positive affect on our crops and agriculture worldwide.
As everything comes with positive and negative consequences, the ammonia formed in the the reaction was widely used in both the World wars as explosives on a large scale.
I believe that as ammonia is an important compound, which comes with both positive and negative we cannot stop its use. To maintain a balance the supply of ammonia should be
restricted and only be available to purchase by certified fertilizer manufacturing companies and different military organisations of the world who will be granted a license to buy ammonia
which will be have to be renewed yearly and they the buyer will have to provide a data sheet which shows their usage amount and remaining amount of ammonia for the year to prevent stock piling. I feel this is the only solution as ammonia is required to make fertilizers and as complete peace is inevitable having arms as a backup is also vital for the defense of a country.

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The commercial synthesis of The production of ammonia began, not with the peaceful use of fertilizer, but with the necessities of war. It was used in both the world wars.  I strongly believe the Haber process must be done as the entire food industry heavily relies on it but there should be stricter regulations on the process to reduce its harmful usage.

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Haber has lot of environmental negativities, both because of the process and the product which is ammonia. ammonia can also be used for explosives as seen in the world wars. Therefore the ammonium fertilisers need to be sold in restricted amounts to restricted people. Ammonium fertilisers such as NPK fertilisers, when overused can pollute the waterbodies an cause oceanic dead zones.

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Before going into the details about the Haber process it is important to understand the nature of the most important component of the process - Ammonia.

Ammonia serves as the base of ammonium nitrate fertilizers. Ammonium Nitrate fertilisers release nitrogen which is an absolutely crucial component of a plants metabolism, nitrogen is an integral part of a chlorophyll molecule which in turn is responsible for capturing the light energy present in photons for photosynthesis.

This is absolutely necessary for crops that require a high amount of energy to grow that too during specific seasons.

Keeping this in mind 90% of ammonia produced worldwide is used in the field of agriculture to grow crops.

When it comes to weapon production, during World War 1 ammonia was utilised as part of Germany's weapons program as the Allied powers had blocked Germany's supply to Chilean Saltpeter.

Therefore in my opinion strict regulations need to be established to ensure that the other 10% of ammonia that is produced should be utilised with care, heavy background checks should be conducted of the buyers and overall security of the transaction should be maintained so that ammonia does not fall into the wrong hands.

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Haber process produces ammonia which has multiple uses like wastewater treatment, leather, rubber, paper, food and beverage industries. This makes ammonia an extremely essential compound. However, ammonia is highly corrosive with multiple environmental impacts and its inflammable and explosive nature is used to produce weapons. Although that there are no laws about the use of ammonia, countries should promote it only for its positive uses and enforce laws against the use of it in weapons. The UN and individual countries should also educate people and give certain industries a permit to produce the gas

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The situation with the use of ammonia is extremely complex. While it has a plethora of different positive uses, its application in the creation of explosives cannot be denied. It must be acknowledged that some forms of explosives are, however, for defence purposes and is employed by the armed forces in order to defend the nation. The use that must be restricted is that by militants and extremist organisations that use explosives to deliver large scale harm to innocent people. To tackle this problem, there are several solutions:

1.    Restrict modes of payment for ammonia – as terrorist organisations tend to have typically cash at their disposal, only certain modes of payment should be allowed. These payments should also be verified to confirm the buyer of the ammonia.

2.    Issue licences to purchase and use ammonia

3.    Educate people about the positive use of ammonia

4.    Restrict number of suppliers of ammonia

5.    Allow only certain organisations to produce ammonia

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About 80% of the ammonia produced by industry is used in agriculture as fertilizer. But overuse of these compounds causes several effects on the environment as it causes algal growth on water bodies which causes loss of life in the water body and production of toxic greenhouse gases like methane.  Ammonia is also used as a refrigerant gas, for purification of water supplies, and in the manufacture of plastics, explosives, textiles, pesticides, dyes and other chemicals. These uses of ammonia in industries also causes a lot of environmental damage. Ammonia is used in wastewater treatment, leather, rubber, paper, food and beverage industries. Ammonia is highly toxic. High blood concentration can lead to disturbance of consciousness. It is used as an absorbent for nitrogen oxides, an ingredient of freezing mixtures, an oxidizer in rocket propellants, and a nutrient for yeast and antibiotics. It is also used in explosives (especially as an oil mixture) for blasting rocks and in mining. This does cause concerns as it could easily be used for purposes like bombings and terrorist attack which is dangerous for the peace of the country. Hence, the production of ammonia should be regularly monitored and rules should be set against unethical uses of ammonia. Resellers and buyers of ammonia should also be regularly monitored with limited methods of transactions.