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Many European merchants funded the expeditions that explored lands and oceans to look for markets. In their hope to acquire new lands, power, and wealth, these monarchs supported the expedition of the merchants.

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The search for gold and spices led them to the continent. Products such as sugar and silk are from Asia. Spices that can be use in food preservatives are also from Asia. The problem is that in Venice in Italy had a monopoly of trade with the Muslims. Portuguese were aware of this thus, they search for other routes going to east.

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The coming of the westerners to Asia was caused by many reasons. Nonetheless, their arrival marked another stage in the history of Asia

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Western imperialism in Asia pertains to Western European entry into what was first called the East Indies. This was sparked early in the 15th century by the search for trade routes to China that led directly to the Age of Discovery, and the introduction of early modern warfare into what was then called the Far East. By the early 16th century the Age of Sail greatly expanded Western European influence and development of the Spice Trade under colonialism. There has been a presence of Western European colonial empires and imperialism in Asia throughout six centuries of colonialism, formally ending with the independence of the Portuguese Empire's last colony East Timor in 2002. The empires introduced Western concepts of nation and the multinational state.

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/

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France succeeded in esatblishing colonies in North America, Africa, and the Carribean. They established the French East India Company in 1664 in an attempt to acquire territories in India. They were able to open commercial communities in Pondicherry and French communities in Chandarnagore, Karikal, and Mahe. Because of the war previously mentioned in which the English defeated them, France lost its Indian territories to England. In time, even Quebec in Canada and some territories in Africa and the Carribean went to England.

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King Henry VII sent John Cabot to sail to Asia. It was Henry's granddaughter, Elizabeth I, who made England a powerful maritime empire because Henry VII's son, Henry VIII, was not interested in overseas colonization. Elizabeth supported young captains such as Francis Drake, John Hawkins, and Walter Raleigh. In 1600, the English East India Company was established to search for lands to trade with. By the middle of the 17th century, wars between England and France erupted. It was caused by their competition over territories in North America, India, and the Carribean. The most important of these wars was the Seven Years War (1756-1763). In 1757, Robert Clive of England won in the battle of Plassey against the combined forces of France and Bengal. This put an end to the desire of France to invade India. India wad placed under England's control for many years.

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The Dutch took advantage of the decline of the Portuguese Empire and took over the latter's colonies. Dutch merchants established an organization called the Dutch East Asia Company in 1602. They spent a huge amount of money to send expeditions to Asia, whose purpose was to trade. The Dutch successfully invaded the Moluccas, Batavia(now Jakarta, Indonesia), and Malacca. They replaced the Portuguese in controlling the Southeast Asian trade network. The English tried to acquire some trade communities in Moluccas but the Dutch forced them to leave. England then focused its attention on India in South Asia

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The search for gold and spices led them to the continent. Products such as sugar and silk are from Asia. Spices that can be use as food preservatives are also from Asia. The problem was that Venice in Italy had a monopoly f trade with the Muslims. The Portuguese were aware of this thus, they searched for other routes going to east.

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1. Robert Clive
2. Prince Henry
3. Bartholomew Diaz
4. Alberto Albuquerque
5. Elizabeth I
6. Prince Henry VII
7. King Henry VII
8. Amerigo Vespucci
9. Jose Basco Y Vargas
10. Ferdinand Magellan
11. Christopher Columbus
12. King Humabon
13. Queen Juana

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A. Routes to Asia
B. Competition between Spain and Portugal
C. Establishment of colonies
D. Mercantilism
E. Effect of the First Stage of Imperialism

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1. Enumerate the events that caused westerners to go to Asia.
2. Identify the nations that led the exploration and colonization.
3. Discuss the establishment of colonies by westerners in Asia.
4. Define mercantilism.
5. Describe the effect of the first stage of Imperialism.

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Governor-General Jose Basco Y Vargas implemented monopoly of tobacco in the Philippines. Filipinos were forced to prioritized planting of tobacco instead of planting food for their daily needs. As expected only the Spaniards profited from these. on the other hand the Dutch strictly required the colonies to plant spices.

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The Portuguese spread Catholicism in Goa and in other land of Southeast Asia. The Spaniards, on the other hand, immediately converted the Filipinos to Catholicism by baptizing Raja Humabon of Cebu and his wife Juana on April 1521. The spread of Christianity in Philippines resulted to the significant changes in the culture of the countr. On the other hand, Dutch required women to convert to Christianism before getting married and that they should rise their children as Christian.

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The Spaniard launched in the Philippines the Manila Acapulco trade also known as the Galleon Trade. The Portuguese, on the other hand, controlled the Malacca Strait located in between the peninsula of Malaysia and the island of Sumatra in Indonesia. Spices is the most in-demand product in this trade network, only the westerners benefited from this. This system negatively affected the colonies like what happen in the Philippines where the Filipinos suffered.

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EFFECTS OF THE FIRST STAGE OF IMPERIALISM 

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EFFECTS OF THE FIRST STAGE OF IMPERIALISM 

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The arrival of the westerners in Asia affected the colonies. Despite the difference in the experiences of colonies such as Philippines, Goa, Moluccas, and Batavi, results of these were the same.

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In 1415, Portugal invaded the city of Ceuta in North Africa. The Portuguese learned that Africa has many source of gold. Prince Henry sent ship captains to exchange goods such as gold and fish. At the back of this trade is the motive of searching for a new route to East.Prince Henry

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The knowledge gathered by Prince Henry helped Portugal to lead in the exploration of the oceans. In 1488, Bartholomew Diaz reached the Caped of Good Hope at the tip of Africa. This was followed by another success as Vasco da Gama reached Calicut, India on May 20, 1498. Da Gama’s voyage was considered the biggest navigational feat in the 15th century. In 1511 Portugal also acquired the port of Goa, also in India, and made it the capital of Portuguese Empire led by Alberto Albuquerque
In 1484, King John II of the Portugal rejected the proposal of Christopher Columbus to travel to India using the western rout. Columbus offered the same proposal to King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain and the monarchs accepted. On August 3, 1492, Columbus journey started and be successfully reached Canary Islands, Bahamas, Northeast of Cuba, and Samana. Columbus did the same journey in 1493, 1498, and 1502. In 1512, Amerigo Vespucci reached Brazil. Ferdinand Magellan and his group reached the Philippines on Marche 16, 1521 and the Philippine became a colony of Spain for 333 years. Magellan’s group was the first to circumnavigate the world and this travel had proven some things. First, Asia can be reached using the western route, and second, the oceans are interconnected. In 1580, Spain conquered Portugal which resulted to the latter losing its territories. When it regained its independence in 1640, its old territories were already in the lands of England and Holland.
Vasco da Gama

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From the 16th century to the end of the 18th, Europe's  economic policy called mercantilism was widely practiced. Mercantilism means that the basis of wealth of a nation is based on the amount of bullion it had. Bullion is the total amount of gold and silver that have not underwent the process of purification. The basis of wealth of leaders then was the wealth of the royal court and the strength of the army. Leaders without money could not afford these two things. First, colonies were source of raw materials and second, the colonies were also the market of the colonizers' goods.
In fact, mercantilism triggered hostilities between and among the European nations as they aggressively competed for territories abroad.

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The coming of the westerners to Asia was caused by many reasons. Nonetheless, their arrival marked another stage in the history of Asia

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THE RISE OF THE OTHER MERCHANTS CLASS IN EUROPE

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THE RISE OF THE OTHER MERCHANTS CLASS IN EUROPE

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Many European merchants funded the expeditions that explore lands and ocean to look for markets. In their hope to acquire new lands, power, and wealth these monarchs supported the expedition of the merchants.

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The spread of Christianity was one of the reasons why the westerners traveled to different parts of the world. The spirit of the Crusades continued to dwell in them. The Spaniards and Portuguese believed that they had the mission of overthrowing the Muslims from other lands. They wanted to get Africa from the Muslims and make Asians Christians. These goals came true because of Ferdinand Magellan and Miguel Lopez de Legaspi who forced the people of the Philippines to convert.

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According to Marvin Perry, the first three reasons of exploration and colonization were GOD, GOLD, and GLORY. The advancement of navigation is one of the most important factors which intensified the exploration of other territories. Advanced ships and skilled helped ship captains in their journey. Ship could carry cannons and guns. The invention of astrolabe and compass also helped the explorers. This led westerners to sail in Asia.    COMPASS

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The Spaniards and Portuguese were not the only nations to have interest to reach Asia. The British, Dutch, and French likewise sailed and set up their colonies in Asia.