# data[].attributes.headline
                                      Cruelty of Slavery

# data[].attributes.subject
                                      Cruelty of Slavery

# data[].attributes.body
"We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness" (Thomas Jefferson). As Thomas Jefferson has stated, all human beings are created equally and should be treated equally and have the right to live freely, which contradicts what happened later on with slavery. Slavery in America goes way back to when the new world was discovered for the first time. Slavery was led by the country to start the African Slave Trade- Portugal. The African natives were different ages and genders. Slavery is important to the American history because it built America’s economy. One of the biggest exports out of America that started the American economy was cotton. And slaves were the ones who picked that cotton. If it wasn’t for slaves we would probably not have so many things that we have now or we would of discovered them way later. With all that said, slavery is very important to American history, but the way they treated slaves was not right nor fair. Thomas Jefferson wrote, "All men are created equal" but died leaving his blacks in slavery.

Slavery was an episode in history that scarred many African men, women and children. Slavery tore family’s apart, shattered dreams, and left African’s feeling shameful and hopeless. They used all the African natives that they traded or brought in to America as slaves, it didn’t matter who you are or how old you are. Women worked inside of houses usually, they helped with the cooking and cleaning. The men were mostly used in the farms and other types of work as well. Even young girls and boys were used as slaves.

It was a very hard life as a slave and very difficult to imagine now. Whole families would be taken from their homes in Africa against their will and moved in dreadful cramped, diseased conditions on ships. During the voyage, many slaves passed away. Where people would then be separated from their family, sold as slaves, and become the property of someone, just like you would own a home or a car. They had no rights at all. This would mean they might have to change their name to that of their owner, and work really hard for up to 18 hours a day in terrible conditions. They had a poor diet and no care for their health, often walking for miles in the hot sun and living in rough huts and sleeping on a dirt floor. “Masters would control their slaves by whipping them. Once a slave started work on a plantation they usually only lived for about seven years because they were worked so hard. If the plantation was run by a church, they usually died after three years. Being a slave was a hard, miserable life.” (BBC)

Slaves were punished by whipping, shackling, beating, mutilation, branding and/or imprisonment. Punishment was most often meted out in response to disobedience or perceived infractions, but masters or overseers sometimes abused slaves to assert dominance. Slave masters even beat pregnant women, devising ways to do it without harming the baby. Slave masters would dig a hole big enough for the woman's stomach to lie in and proceed with the lashings. (Gray White).

The hidden sad truth about slavery is that the first slave owner in colonial America was a black man, you would think it was a white man that started the story of slavery, but it wasn’t. “The Arab slave trade in Negroes was far greater and much longer lasting than the transatlantic slave trade; the founder of the southern state of Georgia banned both slavery and Africans from the state; large numbers of “free blacks” owned black slaves; and less than 5 percent of pre-Civil War American families actually had slaves.” (TNO). In the 1860, only a small amount of white men owned slaves. Many free black men, in fact, “in 1830, a fourth of the free Negro slave masters in South Carolina owned 10 or more slaves; eight owning 30 or more.”  (Johnson).

So as you could see, slavery had a great impact on our history. It is true that slaves helped us build America and discovered many things that we use or deal with today. But just because slavery was seen as something okay back then, doesn’t mean the way they treated them was right. The importance of learning about slavery today is because you will get a better understanding of how slavery affected racism that still exists till this day. Slavery was a big factor of why racism exists today. And referring back to the constitution, all men should be treated equally regardless of their color and race. We should not stay quiet or stand and watch while people become more and more racist every single day.

"How Were Slaves Treated?" BBC. N.p., 16 Feb. 2007. Web. 23 Nov. 2016.

Jefferson, Thomas. "The Declaration of Independence: Full Text." Ushistory.org. Independence Hall Association, 4 July 1776. Web. 20 Nov. 2016.

Gray White, Deborah (2013). Freedom On My Mind: A History of African Americans. Bedford/ St. Martins.

TNO. "Hidden Facts about Slavery." The New Observer. N.p., 13 Feb. 2016. Web. 30 Nov. 2016.

Black Masters: A Free Family of Color in the Old South, Michael P. Johnson and James L. Roak New York: Norton, 1984.

# data[].attributes.headline
The life of a slave provided by UNC libraries

# data[].attributes.subject
The life of a slave provided by UNC libraries

# data[].attributes.body
Daily life for a slave in North Carolina was incredibly difficult. Slaves, especially those in the field, worked from sunrise until sunset. Even small children and the elderly were not exempt from these long work hours. Slaves were generally allowed a day off on Sunday, and on infrequent holidays such as Christmas or the Fourth of July.

During their few hours of free time, most slaves performed their own personal work. The diet supplied by slaveholders was generally poor, and slaves often supplemented it by tending small plots of land or fishing. Many slave owners did not provide adequate clothing, and slave mothers often worked to clothe their families at night after long days of labor. One visitor to colonial North Carolina wrote that slaveholders rarely gave their slaves meat or fish, and that he witnessed many slaves wearing only rags. Although there were exceptions, the prevailing attitude among slave owners was to allot their slaves the bare minimum of food and clothing; anything beyond that was up to the slaves to acquire during their very limited time away from work.

Shelter provided by slave owners was also meager. Many slaves lived in small stick houses with dirt floors, not the log slave cabins often depicted in books and films. These shelters had cracks in the walls that let in cold and wind, and had only thin coverings over the windows. Again, slave owners supplied only the minimum needed for survival; they were primarily concerned with keeping their financially valuable slaves alive and working rather than providing for their comfort, health, or safety.

One area of their lives in which slaves were able to exercise some autonomy from their masters was creating a family. Slave owners felt it was to their advantage to allow slaves to marry, because any children from the marriage would add to their wealth. According to law, a child took on the legal status of its mother; a child born to a slave mother would in turn become a slave, even if the father was free. Slaves usually had to ask permission from their masters to marry, however, and slave marriages had no legal protection. Masters could break up marriages and separate families as they wished.

The slave trade in North Carolina separated countless husbands, wives, parents and children. On the whole, slaveholders cared little about the kindred bonds of slaves, and tore families apart by selling slaves for profit.

Because the large plantations of the Lower South needed more slaves than the smaller farms of North Carolina, it was not uncommon for slaves in the state to be sold to slave traders who took them south to Georgia, South Carolina, Mississippi, Louisiana or Alabama. Once a family member was sold and taken to the Deep South, they became almost impossible to locate or contact.

Slaves had no way to legally protest their masters’ harsh treatment and abuse. A black person had no means of bringing a complaint to court, and could not even testify against a white person who had committed a crime against him or her. In fact, before 1774 it was not a crime in North Carolina to assault or even kill a slave. After 1774, a white person who murdered a slave would receive only 12 months in prison if it was their first offense. However, according to the 1774 law, if the slave was killed while the white person was using “moderate correction” to punish him or her, there would be no criminal charge.

Slaves themselves could be brought to trial in a slave court, which was separate from the regular court system. This court had the authority to try, sentence, and even execute slaves without trial by jury. The accused slaves had no representation, and could not call witnesses to defend themselves. During the colonial period, about 96 percent of slaves tried in these courts in North Carolina were convicted.

In addition to these public courts, each plantation or farm had its own private system of justice in which individual slaveholders dealt out the punishments they felt were appropriate. Slaves were usually only brought to the slave courts for what were considered the most serious crimes, such as murder, theft from a white person, or assault on a white person.

One of the few escapes from the severity of slave life was participation in religion. During the early 1700s, few North Carolina slaves converted to Christianity. Many held on to the religious traditions they had brought with them from Africa. Christian missionaries feared and misunderstood these traditions, and wanted to convert the slaves, who they considered “heathens”. Anglicans were the first group to try to convert slaves in North Carolina, but didn’t achieve much success. The early colonial slaves were reluctant to give up their familiar and meaningful traditions, and saw no reason to adopt the religion of those who enslaved them.

By the early 1800s, slaves were converting to Christianity in increasingly large numbers. Protestant groups like the Baptists and Methodists were more successful at recruiting new members than the Anglicans had been. They approached African Americans on a more equal footing, and held joint revivals for whites and blacks. Slaveholders were uneasy with this religious fervor. They worried that converting to Christianity would encourage their slaves to think of themselves as spiritual equals and demand better treatment or even freedom. Slave owners also resented the time slaves spent at religious services as time not spent working. Despite these objections from their masters, many slaves enthusiastically participated in religious services, which provided them some relief from work, time for fellowship with other slaves, and a way to express their spiritual faith.

# data[].attributes.headline
Facts about the slavery trade that started in 1865

# data[].attributes.subject
Facts about the slavery trade that started in 1865

# data[].attributes.body
This video shows some facts about the slavery trade. This information in the video was gathered from several sources, such as: The trans-Atlantic Slave Trade Database, The Root, University of Minois, Washington State University, PBS, University of Illinois, The Washington Post, Post and Courier, CBS monitor, ABC news.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
10 Shocking Facts About the Slave Trade A $777 trillion trade network that affected millions, delve into 10 shocking facts about the slave trade in this video. Music = Navajo 3 by Jeremy Sherman Click to Subscribe..

# data[].attributes.body
A 30 minute video explaining the history of slavery in America, which  began soon after English colonists first settled Virginia in 1607 and lasted as a legal institution until the passage of the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution in 1865. This video includes very specific details about slaves and how they were treated and makes it easier to understand the history of slavery in America.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
The History of Slavery In America (FULL)

# data[].attributes.body
Slaves work in Sea Islands, South Carolina. (Library of Congress)