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The KKK

One of the first organized groups that harassed a targeted group

Used nocturnal intimidation

Used as a vehicle for southern hatred towards blacks

Why was it a turning point?

Reinforces anti-Reconstructionist ideology and white supremacy

Reinforces Lost-Cause ideology

Helped lead to the revival of white southern democratic government in the South

Morphed Southern viewpoint from people looking for unity and "Reconstruction" to white people looking to “protect themselves”

First large, organized terrorist group against blacks as citizens of the United States

Group backed by people who weren’t ready to accept change

Solidified southern anti-black sentiment; set a concrete group in which hate was organized

Shows the Southern ignoring of the Reconstruction laws due to the lost credibility of the Grant administration

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THE PANIC OF 1873

The Panic of 1873 was an economic depression that occurred as railroads and factories became too much to bear for the U.S. market. Before the Panic, banks believed that they could give out loans to factory and railroad builders. However, no profit came from them, and these banks failed.

The Panic of 1873 marked a turning point in American history during the Reconstruction era. During the Panic, Grant vetoed a bill that would release more greenbacks for debt-ridden farmers. As a result, the Panic further weakened the Republican Party. The Panic also contributed to the end of the Reconstruction.

🅰 🆁🆄🅽 🅾🅽 🆃🅷🅴 🅱🅰🅽🅺
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- On April 13, 1873, violence erupted in Colfax, Louisiana on Easter Sunday
- The White League fought with Louisiana's almost all-black state militia
- Approximately 150 black men were killed
- U.S. v. Cruikshank: protections of the 14th amendment only applied to state gov'ts -- federal gov't could not defend blacks against violent groups

Turning Point: Showed that progressive actions made by Reconstruction have failed to fully reform Southern ideologies.

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Highly contested election between Democrat Samuel J. Tilden and Republican Rutherford B. Hayes. Florida, Georgia and South Carolina's electoral votes were disputed leading to a compromise which gave votes to Hayes but removed northern troops from south leading to end of Reconstruction.** Tilden won popular vote while Hayes won electoral vote.

Turning point: Brought focus of Reconstruction off the south and brought southerners back into full control of over the south .

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Plessy, a black man, was sitting in white only section of a train and was arrested.The court case ruled that racial segregation was ok as long they were equal.

Turning point: Made the segregation of races constitutional (supreme court this was ok)