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Questions
Nature vs. Nurture in Oxana? Give two examples.
Nature is more prevalent in Oxana's case because she was nurtured by animals. Their nurturing changed her development and made her ability to learn language almost impossible. Also, her ability to move around was affected by nurture because instead of walking like a normal human she crawled around on all fours, and started eating and behaving like a dog.
What language theory is supported?
Skinner is correct because he said that we gain language from our surroundings. The feral children were able to pick up the animal language and then when rescued they were slowly able to learn and understand new words but the older children were not able to fully recover because the critical period had passed.

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Theories of Storm and Stress

Conflict with parents

Mood disruptions

Risky behavior

***Not everyone goes through this***

Margaret Mead

Easy transition

Not harsh and difficult but an easy move

James Marcia (pictured below)

Interviewed college kids about their occupational choices, religious and political beliefs and values

All theories apply to Erikson's Identity vs. Role Confusion

Future Trends

1st marriages...

Men = 31

Women = 28

Sexual maturity occurring earlier

Adulthood and old age

Physical changes peak in the 20s- slow decline

Risk of dementia increases in later years (80-100)

Slower neural processes

Alzheimer's

Crystallized Intelligence-

One's accumulated knowledge

Fluid Intelligence-

one's ability to reason speedily and abstractly

tends to decrease during late adulthood

Five stages of greif

DABDA

Denial

Anger

Bargaining

Depression

Acceptance

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I can use my notes to prepare for project 

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I can use my notes to prepare for project 

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Moral Development: Kohlberg
LADDER (mostly male):
Pre Conventional Level: Morality of self-interest to avoid punishment or gain concrete rewards
Conventional Level: Morality of law and social rules: to gain approval or avoid disapproval
Postconventional Level: Morality of abstract principles: to affirm agreed upon right and personal ethical principles

Moral Development: Gilligan
For women

Infancy and Childhood: Sociocultural Development

Why do children play?

Self -teaching- trial and error

Symbolic representation

Piaget says.... interaction with physical world

overcome egocentrism

learning through first-hand experiences

Vygotsky says.... culture and education

delaying immediate gratification

practice self-regulation- learn to think about own world

Zone of Proximal Development

Skills to difficult for a child to master on his/her own, but that can be done from guidance and encouragement from a knowledgeable person

Vygotsky's view of language:
Private speech (talk to self) v. inner speech (in head)
Thoughts a result of language

Language Development
Critical Period: window of opportunity for learning a language, as early as 6 years old
Chomsky: Language Acquisition Development

Born with internal mechanism

Whorf: Linguistic Relativity Hypothesis

Language determines how we think

Imprinting

Human do not imprint, only animals

Stranger Anxiety and attachment:

happens around 8 months

Attachment styles:

Secure vs. insecure

anxious-resistant insecure attachment

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Harry Harlow- Monkey experiment
Parenting Styles

1. Authoritarian

2. Permissive

3. Authoritative

4. Uninvolved/Detached

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I can apply Erikson theory to my reunion activity 

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I can apply Erikson theory to my reunion activity 

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Piaget- How YOU think
Erikson- How everyone around you thinks

Basic Trust

A sense that the world is predictable and trustworthy

major task with each stage of life

responsive caregivers

Self-Concept

a sense of one's identity and personal self worth

Trust vs. Mistrust

Age: Infancy

If needs are dependable met, infants develop a sense of basic trust

Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt in their abilities

Age: Toddler

Toddlers learn to exercise will and do things for themselves or they doubt their ability

Initiative vs. Guilt

Age: Preschooler

Preschoolers learn to initiate tasks and carry out plans, or they feel guilty about efforts to be independent

Competence vs. Inferiority

Age: Elementary (6- puberty)

Children learn the pleasure of applying themselves to tasks, or they feel inferior

Identity vs. Role Confusion

Age: adolescence (teens to 20s)

Teens work at refining a sense of self by testing roles and then integrating them to form a single identity, or they become confused about who they are

Intimacy vs. Isolation

Age: Young Adult (20s-40s)

YA's struggle to form close relationships and to gain the capacity for intimate love, or they feel socially isolated

Generativity vs. Stagnation

Age: Middle Adulthood

The middle-aged discover a sense of contributing to the world, usually through family and work, or they may feel a lack of purpose

Integrity vs. Despair Failure

Age: Late Adult

When reflecting on his or her life, the older adult may feel a sense of satisfaction or failure

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I can understand developmental research designs 

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I can understand developmental research designs 

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Guess A and B
1. 70/2
2. 50/35
3. 8/10
4. 10/40
5. 15/30
6. 8/60
7. 50/14

Real A and B
1. 90/2
2. 75/40
3. 8/10
4. 13/40
5. 15/35
6. 11/65
7. 50/16
Cross Sectional Advantages and Disadvantages-

Inexpensive, relatively little time to complete

avoids high attrition rate

DIfferent age groups aren't necessarily alike

subjects may not have same matureial age