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The Science of Lightning | National Geographic

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Slow Motion & Anvil Crawler Lightning 2000 fps

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Our brain is the most complex machine that ever existed. With over 7.146 billion models it is also the most ubiquitous. Despite this, we are unsure of its complexity. We still do not yet understand how it works. By defining the functionality of certain areas of the brain, and by understanding some of the mechanics at the neural chemical level, we still remain ignorant of how the brain coordinates all of its activities and develops language, thought and a sense of self.

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A Dive into the Complex Universe of Our Brain | Adventures in Genomics

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How do we remember an event for a lifetime? Jacques and Irene interview Drs Andrea Kohn and Leonid Moroz from the University of Florida, who are studying the nervous system of marine species to understand the complex universe of our brain.

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Space Shuttle Challenger STS-51L Launch And Explosion

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On January 28, 1986 despite the warnings of engineers not to launch in freezing temperatures, NASA management chose to launch Space Shuttle Challenger. The result was the loss of 7 astronauts in a horrific explosion 73 seconds later when flames from a solid rocket booster leak from a cracked o-ring and burned through the main fuel tank.

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Atomic Hook-Ups - Types of Chemical Bonds: Crash Course Chemistry #22

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Ionic bonding occurs between positive and negative ions, which attract each other and bind together to form ionic compounds. For example, sodium chloride consists of Na+ ions and Cl- ions bound together.

Each ion is surrounded by oppositely charged ions held in place by electrostatic attraction and forming an ionic crystal lattice. The ions in a crystal lattice are very strongly bonded - a high temperature is required to melt the crystal.

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A covalent bond is formed between non metal atoms, which combine together by sharing electrons. Covalent compounds have no free electrons and no ions so they don't conduct electricity.

The Periodic Table is an arrangement of the elements in order of atomic number. Elements in the same vertical column are in the same group or family and have similar chemical properties.

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- Balancing chemical equations is one of those concepts in chemistry that often confuses people. But I think we'll see that if we work through this carefully and methodically, and we also appreciate the art of balancing chemical equations, that it's actually not too bad. So first of all, what is a chemical equation? Well this is a chemical equation right over here. It's describing a reaction. So if I take an atom of aluminum and I add it to a dioxygen molecule, so a molecule that has two oxygens with it, under the appropriate conditions they will react to form aluminum oxide. And the aluminum oxide molecule has two aluminum atoms and three oxygen atoms. And so you might say, "Okay, well what's "the balancing business all about? "I have a chemical reaction. "What do I have to balance?" Well if you look carefully, you might notice that you don't have the same number of each atom on both sides. For example, right over here on the left-hand side, how many aluminums do we have? Well on the left-hand side, we have one aluminum. How many do we have on the right-hand side? Well on the right-hand side, we have two aluminums. And so aluminum just can't appear out of thin air by virtue of some magical reaction. You have to have the same amount of aluminums on both sides, and the same thing is true for the oxygens. Over here on the left-hand side, we have two oxygens. They form one dioxygen molecule that has two oxygen atoms. And then over here in the aluminum oxide molecule, we have three. We have three oxygen atoms. So once again, we can't just have miraculously an oxygen atom appear out of nowhere. So we have to balance the number of aluminums on both sides, this number and this number should be the same, and we have to balance the number of oxygens, this number and that number should be the same. So how do we do that? Well one thing might be to say, "Okay, if I've got "two aluminums here and I have one aluminum here, "well why don't I just double the number "of aluminums right over here?" I could just write a two in front of it, so now this has two aluminums, so I no longer have one aluminum here. I now have two aluminums, and so it looks like the aluminums are balanced, and they are indeed balanced. But still we have an issue with the oxygens. Over here I have two oxygens. Over here I have three oxygens. So one thing that you might say is, "Okay, well how do I go from two to three? "I could multiply by 1.5." So I could multiply by 1.5, and if I multiply 1.5 times two, that's going to be three. So now I have three oxygen atoms on this side and three oxygen atoms on this side. But the convention is that we don't like writing "1.5 molecules." We don't like having this notion of a half molecule, which is kind of this bizarre notion. We want whole number molecules. So what can we do? Well, you can imagine that this makes it very similar to what you did in algebra, an algebraic equation. We just can multiply both sides by the same number that gets rid of having this fraction or this decimal here. So if we multiplied both sides by two, we're going to do that. This is going to be a four, this is going to be a three, this is going to be a two right over here. So let me do that. Let me multiply both sides by two. So instead of two aluminum atoms, let me have four aluminum... Actually, let me just write the chemical equation first in the form that it was before. So I had aluminum plus dioxygen, a molecule of two oxygens, yielding in the reaction -- these are the reactants, this is the product -- aluminum, aluminum, aluminum oxide. So what I'm saying here is to get rid of this 1.5, to turn it into a whole number, let's multiply all of these, all of the number of molecules by two. And here, there's implicitly a one... Let me do this in a different color. There is implicitly a one right over here. So let's multiply all of these by two. So two times two is... Let me do that same color. Two times two is four... That's not the same color. Two times two is four. 1.5 times two is three. And then one times two, one times two is two. And now you can verify how many aluminums do we have on each side? Well I have four aluminum atoms on the left-hand side, and how many do I have on the right-hand side? I have four aluminum atoms. How many oxygens do I have on the left-hand side? I have three molecules of dioxygen. Each molecule has two oxygen atoms, so I have six oxygens on the left, and I have two times three oxygens on the right, or I have six oxygens. So my chemical equation is now balanced.

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Balancing chemical equations (how to walkthrough) (video) | Khan Academy

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Balancing chemical equations is one of those concepts in chemistry that often confuses people. But I think we'll see that if we work through this carefully and methodically, and we also appreciate the art of balancing chemical equations, that it's actually not too bad. So first of all, what is a chemical equation?

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Could black holes destroy earth?       Black holes do not wander around the universe, randomly swallowing worlds. They follow the laws of gravity just like other objects in space. The orbit of a black hole would have to be very close to the solar system to affect Earth, which is not likely.If a black hole with the same mass as the sun were to replace the sun, Earth would not fall in. The black hole with the same mass as the sun would keep the same gravity as the sun. The planets would still orbit the black hole as they orbit the sun now.th?

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Could black holes destroy earth?       Black holes do not wander around the universe, randomly swallowing worlds. They follow the laws of gravity just like other objects in space. The orbit of a black hole would have to be very close to the solar system to affect Earth, which is not likely.If a black hole with the same mass as the sun were to replace the sun, Earth would not fall in. The black hole with the same mass as the sun would keep the same gravity as the sun. The planets would still orbit the black hole as they orbit the sun now.th?

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A black hole is a region in space where the pulling force of gravity is so strong that light is not able to escape. The strong gravity occurs because matter has been pressed into a tiny space. This compression can take place at the end of a star's life. Some black holes are a result of dying stars.

Because no light can escape, black holes are invisible. However, space telescopes with special instruments can help find black holes. They can observe the behavior of material and stars that are very close to black holes.

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Enough water thrown into a fire puts it out because:

1. It 'steals' heat from the fuel when evaporating, and thus lowers the temperature, making it more difficult (or impossible) for the fuel to burn;

2. It makes it more difficult for the fuel to be in contact with air, thus not letting oxygen and the fuel come together. There is oxygen dissolved in water, but it is captive and won't blend in with the fuel.

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Where,
v = Final Velocity,
u = Initial velocity,
a = acceleration,
t = time taken,
s = distance travelled.

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Auroras are produced when the magnetosphere is sufficiently disturbed by the solar wind that the trajectories of charged particles in both solar wind and magnetospheric plasma, mainly in the form of electrons and protons, precipitate them into the upper atmosphere (thermosphere/exosphere), where their energy is lost. The resulting ionization and excitation of atmospheric constituents emits light of varying colour and complexity. The form of the aurora, occurring within bands around both polar regions, is also dependent on the amount of acceleration imparted to the precipitating particles. Precipitating protons generally produce optical emissions as incident hydrogen atoms after gaining electrons from the atmosphere.

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Breathtaking Paraglide Flight Through Aurora Borealis

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Real Time Video of Aurora Borealis 27.08.2015

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Real time video of extremely strong Aurora Borealis in Iceland 27 August 2015, shot with Sony a7s and Sony 24-70.. www.gardarolafs.com Hero Down by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) Source: http://incompetech.com/music/royalty-free/index.html?isrc=USUAN1100880 Artist: http://incompetech.com/

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a method or process of determining the concentration of a dissolved substance in terms of the smallest amount of reagent of known concentration required to bring about a given effect in reaction with a known volume of the test solution

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Why does a Space shuttle need heat shields for re-entry----

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Why does a Space shuttle need heat shields for re-entry----

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. When a spacecraft returns from orbit, or elsewhere, it is travelling at anywhere up to ten kilometres (six miles) a second. It needs to slow down considerably to make it to Earth’s surface, and the easiest way to do this is to use the Earth’s atmosphere as a ‘brake’. Spacecraft are actually designed to make use of this, so the wide heat shield bears the brunt of deceleration as the spacecraft passes through the atmosphere. We use the atmosphere as a handy way to decelerate spacecraft, rather than relying on fuel alone.

On the way up a rocket has its ‘pointy’ end first, reducing atmospheric drag. It’s also travelling at a much slower speed than a spacecraft re-entering the atmosphere, so it doesn’t experience the same forces or heating.

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I have always wondered.. If a penny dropped from a sky scraper could it kill you 

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I have always wondered.. If a penny dropped from a sky scraper could it kill you 

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Can a penny dropped from a building kill a pedestrian below? The MythBusters have the answer. Subscribe to Discovery: http://bit.ly/SubscribeDiscovery Join us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/Discovery Follow on Twitter: https://twitter.com/Discovery

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Space Shuttle Columbia Disaster Pt 2: Final Descent | BBC Studios

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The ratio of the speed of an object to the speed of sound in the surrounding medium. For example, an aircraft moving twice as fast as the speed of sound is said to be traveling at Mach 2.