# data[].attributes.body
Here’s what?
- immigrant families tend to be inclined to be more encouraging towards their children to follow cultural traditions and values
- gender roles are more prominent in some families
- race, background, religion, and gender can be social barriers that may create a divide amongst young people

So what?
- immigrant children may find it more difficult to form their own identity that is different from their parents’
- some women may feel disabled to pursue what they want career-wise
- employers may have biases and be favoritism towards particular groups of people

Now what?
- immigrant children should be respectful of their parents’ wishes, however shouldn’t let their parents make their decisions for them
- women should be educated and pursue whatever career they wish to (while still trying best to maintain a good relationship with family members)
- we should encourage and educate ignorant people and their prejudices and teach collaboration in schools

# data[].attributes.headline
Gender stereotypes are holding strong: Beliefs about the roles of men and women are 'as firmly held now as they were in 1980'

# data[].attributes.subject
Gender stereotypes are holding strong: Beliefs about the roles of men and women are 'as firmly held now as they were in 1980'

# data[].attributes.body
In the last 30 years, women's participation in the workforce, in athletics, and in professional education has increased in the US.

The biggest difference in attitudes they found was that now both genders are judged to be equally responsible for financial obligations, whereas 30 years ago they had not been.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Data from around 200 college students in US in 1983 and again in 2014

Belief men should repair and maintain cars has not changed in that time

And the idea men are less likely to look after house and children has risen

But both genders are judged equally responsible for financial obligations

In the last 30 years, women's participation in the workforce, in athletics, and in professional education has increased in the US.

But gender stereotypes are just as strong today as they were three decades years ago in the country, according to a new study.

Psychologists in New Jersey compared attitudes towards gender stereotypes from around 200 college students 1983 and 2014, and found they have not changed much over that time.

The biggest difference in attitudes they found was that now both genders are judged to be equally responsible for financial obligations, whereas 30 years ago they had not been.

But the belief that men should repair and maintain cars has not changed over the time, and the idea that men are less likely to look after the house and children has actually increased.

Women now represent 47 per cent of the US workforce, compared to 38 per cent in the mid 1980s, according to the study.

In sports, there was a rapid acceleration of women participating in athletics at both the high school and the college levels after 1972 when a law came into force in the US prohibiting discrimination in sports based on sex.

Girls made up only 7 per cent of high school athletes in 1971 to 1972 but that number is now more than 40 per cent.

College participation rates increased sixfold in the same time period.

In 2012, 57 per cent of women graduated with a bachelor's degree compared to 40 per cent in the early 80s, according to the study, which is out today in Psychology of Women Quarterly.

But these changes do not seem to be reflected in peoples' attitudes, the researchers found.

'We decided to study gender stereotypes over the last 30 years because there have been many changes in women's status at work, in politics, in sports, and in the home yet it was unclear if people's perceptions had caught up with these new realities,' lead author Professor Elizabeth Haines told MailOnline.

'Previous research has shown that there are very few sex differences between men and women, but that people do tend to exaggerate the extent to which men and women differ.'

The study shows more people think men are more likely to avoid 'traditional' female roles such as taking care of children and looking after the house than they did in 1983.

'Changes in the activities and representation of women and men in society have unquestionably occurred since the early 1980s,' said the researchers, a group of psychologists from the William Paterson University.

'However, those changes apparently have not been sufficient to alter strongly held and seemingly functional beliefs about the basic social category of gender.'

Haines, Professor Kay Deaux and Nicole Lofaro compared data from 195 college students in 1983 to data from 191 adults in 2014.

The participants from each time period had been asked to rate the likelihood that a typical man or woman would have a certain set of characteristics.

The characteristics included personality traits like kindness and competitiveness, gender role behaviours like looking after the house and upholding moral and religious values, occupations like being a nurse or an engineer, and physical characteristics like having a delicate or deep voice.

WHO RUN THE WORLD? GIRLS

The researchers found that even though there was greater diversity in 2014, people continued to strongly stereotype men and women.

In the 2014 sample, men and women were largely similar in their gender stereotyping.

But women and men were believed to be more equally engaged in financial roles in 2014 than in 1983.

In 2014, both genders were equally believed to assume financial obligations, make major decisions, and handle financial matters.

Beliefs about male gender roles, such as that males 'repair and maintain the car' did not significantly change over the three decades.

The strongest gender stereotypes for women were that theory are more emotional, aware of others' feelings, kind and warm than men, and more likely to look after the house, and cry, Haines said.

The strongest gender stereotypes for men were that they are more competitive, feel superior, and that they should be head of household and responsible for household repairs.

'Previous research has shown that many gender differences are small or inconsistent yet the current study finds that people exaggerate the extent to which men and women are different from one another,' the authors said.

They suggested that people may perceive strong differences between men and women for two reasons.

'First, unconscious bias may distort the way in which people perceive and thus remember gender atypical behaviour as more stereotypical that it actually was.

'Second, the genders may curtail cross gender behaviour for fear that they may incur backlash that is typically directed at atypical men and women - for example wimpy men or powerful women.'

The 2014 data also showed that men were more likely to believe gender stereotypes about male gender role behaviours, while women were more likely to believe stereotypes about female gender role behaviours.

The researchers said the findings were important to those in jobs involving advising or therapy, because stereotypes can affect the goals of their clients.

They also recommended that leaders of organisations should consider the potential gender cues they give off.

They said these cues could enable stereotypes to persist, discourage men and women from entering a particular field, and affect employee performance.

'In our follow up research we would like to know how stereotypes may be limiting when we interact with others - for example the effects of gender stereotypes in educational or therapy contexts,' Haines told MailOnline.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Gender stereotypes are as firmly held now as they were in 1980

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Data from around 200 college students in US in 1983 and again in 2014 Belief men should repair and maintain cars has not changed in that time And the idea men are less likely to look after house and children has risen But both genders are judged equally responsible for financial obligations In the last 30 years, women's participation in the workforce, in athletics, and in professional education has increased in the US.

# data[].attributes.body
Gender roles are more prominent in some families

# data[].attributes.body
Immigrant families tend to be inclined to be more encouraging towards their children to follow cultural traditions and values

Remove