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19th century (Key work)- Darwin's origins of species, outlines theory of evolution and survival of the fittest.

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Byronic Hero- romantic poets created idea of Romantic hero who was unruly, melancholy and haunted by secret guilt.

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Characterisation of Catherine starts and ends on enigma. World of novel testament to her but it is a testament to her that leaves ghostly signs.

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Illness not only used as strategy but impedes trajectory of Heathcliff's plot.

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Matthew Arnold's essays 'Culture and Anarchy' presents a prevailing Victorian notion that culture (moral phenomenon) of ideal human perfection. Wuthering Heights engages with this idea.

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Emily's poem 'Shall Earth No more Inspire Thee' (1841) shows important idea of yearning for death, in which Heaven is as close as possible to Earth. This runs through her poetry and Wuthering Heights.

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Feminists (Gilbert and Gubar) argue, that madness is a result of Catherine's imprisonment, trapped in marriage to Edgar so no longer can make sense of world.

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Romantic view is illness heightened sense of awareness and promotes a higher state of consciousness.
Catherine, Isabella and Cathy use it to their advantage.

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Pigeon feathers alludes to a superstition of soul of dying person not being able to leave body, if bed or pillows filled with these feathers.

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Role of illness as a sign for femininity in 19th century.  Bronte writes about illness as a female strategy rather than a weakness.
Illness becomes Catherine's way to influence the actions of Heathcliff and Edgar.

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The interpretations of dreams- Freud offers detailed investigation into function of dreams and relationship between dreams and thoughts.

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Depiction of domestic violence is in conflict with conventional Victorian notion of the home as the ideal refuge away from the harshness of outside world.

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19th century property law- evident from complex plot in novel.
In 19th century, difference between law of land (property) and goods and money (personal property). Law of land- males preferred than females. Males inherited according to seniority of birth (primogeniture).

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Emily and her siblings lived isolated lives in parsonage at Haworth.

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Top Withens- a ruined farmhouse bears a plaque from the Bronte society and is associated with Wuthering Heights.

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Not uncommon in Victorian times for authors to adopt pseudonyms.
Bronte used Ellis Bell and Dickens famously used Boz,