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The presentation layer is responsible for the delivery and formatting of information to the application layer for further processing or display.[4] It relieves the application layer of concern regarding syntactical differences in data representation within the end-user systems. An example of a presentation service would be the conversion of an EBCDIC-coded text computer file to an ASCII-coded file.

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- Application layer is the top layer of the OSI (Open System Interconnectivity) server layer model.

- This layer handles issues like network transparency,

resource allocation and problem partitioning.

- The application layer is concerned with the user's view of network

(e.g. formatting electronic mail messages).

- The presentation layer provides the application layer with a familiar

local representation of data independent of the format used on the network.

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For example, when you enter a URL in your browser, this actually sends an HTTP

command to the Web server directing it to fetch and transmit the requested Web page.

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Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

Its used for sending emails to a server

It uses port 25 or port 587 when using  secure connection (ssl)

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HTTP defines how messages are formatted and transmitted,

and what actions Web servers and browsers

should take in response to various commands

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DNS is a protocol within the set of standards for how comuters excahnge data on the internet.

You can also exchange data on private networks, whihc is known as the TCP/IP protocol suite.

The main job of DNS is to turn user friendly domain name into an IP address

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- Telnet is a text-based protocol that is used by administrators

and users to access other computers remotely.

- An example of a Telnet request is: telnet the.libraryat.whatis.edu

- When it was first created, its purpose was for terminals to

interact with each other by using simple commands.

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HyperText Markup Language (HTML) is a markup language for creating webpages. Webpages are usually viewed in a web browser. They can include writing, links, pictures, and even sound and video. HTML is used to mark and describe each of these kinds of content so the web browser can show them correctly.

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Short for HyperText Transfer Protocol

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FTP - Is a File Transfer Protocol it is used to exchange files between host and server. It can be accessed through the web browser or windows explorer. Usually user have to authenticate themselves using username and password.

File Trasfer Protocol uses port number 21